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Purpose – This paper examines the financial challenges of single mothers in Brunei, illustrating how single parenting affects their lifestyle choices and the coping mechanisms these mothers employ to grapple with their financial hardships. Design/methodology/approach – This study adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews with five single mothers living in the Brunei-Muara district. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings – Results revealed participants described operating with a single income, covering bills alone, the high cost of living in Brunei and the absence of alimony contributed to their financial challenges. Financial stress caused them to change their spending habits, switch to cheaper alternatives, make sacrifices and struggle to meet the needs of their children. Coping mechanisms adopted by single mothers utilized social support, generating side income, and the unique roles of children played a significant role in cushioning the impact of their financial difficulties. Originality/value – Single mothers are on the rise in Brunei. There is an acute lack of studies emphasizing the financial hardships experienced by single mothers in Brunei. This study attempts to narrow the missing gap and seek avenues of justice for single mothers in a progressive, equitable society.

ObjectiveDental anxiety is widespread among both children and adults. To diagnose dental anxiety, standardized anxiety questionnaires are recommended. Based on the suggestive nature of the questionnaires, the study aimed to find out whether asking respondents about personal coping strategies before dental treatment influences their anxiety.MethodsThis prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial included a total of 158 patients of a university dental clinic on emergency service. The intervention group (n = 82) received the Coping with Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) and the control group (n = 76) the Hierarchical Anxiety Questionnaire (HAF). State anxiety scores were assessed by using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after the completion of each questionnaire.ResultsAnxiety decreased in the intervention group (CAQ) (p < 0.001) and increased in the control group (HAF) (p < 0.001).ConclusionWithin the limitations of the current study, a diagnostic tool of a standardized questionnaire for the assessment to assess personal coping strategies decreased state anxiety in comparison to a questionnaire assessing anxiety.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.drks.de, German Trials Register (DRKS00032450).

ObjectiveSeveral studies in the specialized literature have reported that events such as the death of a loved one, job loss, divorce, illness, or retirement lead to an increase in the level of stress felt, and subsequently stress affects the person on several levels of life, such as: personal, relational, social, academic and at the same time sanogenic. The present paper explored the relationship between critical life events and psycho-emotional health among youths and the manner in which this relationship is mediated by the level of life satisfaction.MethodsThe data was extracted using a sample of participants (between 20 and 40 years old) from several cities in Romania, who experienced one or more critical life events during the last year. Data organization and hypothesis testing were performed using IBM SPSS 23 and jamovi programs. For this purpose we used the simple regression analysis, Pearson correlation and mediation analysis. The scales used to conduct the research were: RS-14, SRRS, ERQ, CERQ, DASS-21 and SWLS.ResultsThe final sample of the study totaled 190 female and male Romanian participants aged between 20 and 40 (M = 24.45, SD = 5.27) who had experienced critical events during the last year, leading to psycho-emotional destabilization and a significantly lower level of life satisfaction. The prevalence of critical life events among these participants varied from one to five events (55.26%) and up to more than 16 critical events in the past year (2.63%). The presence of these events led to increased levels of stress, anxiety, or depression among participants. Furthermore, it appears that the presence of a high number of critical life events led to a decreased life satisfaction among participants, along with a greater tendency toward catastrophizing.ConclusionCritical life events are increasingly frequent events in everyday life, and youth seems to be the period with the most changes. The research findings add to current findings about the practical implications that critical life events have on psycho-emotional health among youths. Therefore it appears to be a close relationship between critical life events, psycho-emotional health, and emotional regulation. At the same time, it seems that coping mechanisms have a central role in the level of life satisfaction among youths.

Mental health is a state of emotional, psychological and social well-being, where the individual manages to successfully manage daily life, valuing himself and others, while being socially integrated, happy and fulfilled. Adaptability to the environment is the ability of the person or organism to adjust, to transform, according to the changes and demands of the environment. These skills require learning from experiences, finding creative solutions and developing the ability to cope with stressors. Integration into the environment requires constant personal development. Unfortunately, we live in times when the environment is changing at a speed that is difficult for the human body and psyche to manage and follow. Material and method In this study, part of a larger study, 80 diabetic patients aged between 19 and 70 years were included. The longitudinal research period was 2015-2022, following the number of days of hospitalization and the length of hospitalization for each hospitalization in "Sf. Ap. Andrei" Emergency Clinical Hospital Galati. The patients, in compliance with data protection and legislation in force, were administered a psychological questionnaire tracking their adaptability to the environment and their rational and irrational beliefs in relation to life. The data were centralized and analysed in the SPSS statistical software, looking for correlations between psychological aspects and hospitalization duration/frequency, assuming that patients with significant test results are patients suffering from diagnosed or not yet diagnosed psychosomatic disorders. Conclusions The results of the questionnaire and the anamnesis revealed that most of the patients had irrational beliefs and attitudes towards themselves, others and life, completely dysfunctional. Extrapolating that these patients also have psychosomatic disorders, we can state that the statistical results obtained predict that a person with psychosomatic disorders will have more frequent presentations to the doctor, while each hospitalization will be longer than that of patients with the same pathology, without associated psychosomatic disorders. In this sense, both the correlations obtained and the linear regression with predictive value, force us to think in the long term and bring to light the need to implement a diagnostic tool at the disposal of the diabetologist, internist and emergency physician, for further collaboration with the psychiatric physician, all for the ultimate good of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study explores college instructors' experiences with blended learning implementation. Emphasizing their challenges, coping strategies, and realizations. Conducted through in-depth interviews with 10 participants, the research focuses on four key aspects: (1) the instructors' diverse experiences navigating blended learning, (2) the multifaceted challenges encountered, (3) the adaptive coping mechanisms employed, and (4) the profound realizations gained. The findings reveal prominent themes such as the presence of ambivalent feelings, the persistent struggle, strategic thinking, and a strong commitment to the teaching profession. These insights shed light on the complex emotional and strategic dimensions inherent in the integration of blended learning. The study suggests the potential to foster a stronger emotional bond between educators and institutions, encouraging a collective effort to enhance pedagogical practices and make a setting that is suitable for learning for the students to achieve academic success and holistic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internally displaced youth and adolescents may continue to suffer from displacement-associated trauma and stress many years after initial displacement. Hence, our study initially aimed to qualitatively explore how displaced youth and adolescents in Nigeria are coping with the trauma and stress associated with protracted displacement. However, through serendipity, results from the thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews from 22 displaced youths and nine professionals in Abuja revealed that in addition to some positive coping mechanisms, some displaced young males turn to drugs, while some young women turn to transactional sex and multiple sexual partners to deal with the impact of protracted displacement. This may lead to increased crime, morbidity, and mortality, thus requiring immediate intervention. This paper concluded by recommending that social workers help displaced youth and adolescents deal with their current stressors by advocating for the improvement of their living situation while also working with other professionals to intervene on the issue of drug misuse and unhealthy sexual behaviours through continuous education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focused on the work-related stress among National Irrigation Administration (NIA) employees. The study determined the work-related stress experienced by the employees and the coping strategies of the employees to reduce or avoid stress in the workplace. The qualitative method of research was used in this study. Findings showed that work-related stress is a common experience among employees at the National Irrigation Administration (NIA). The most common stressors include pressure in meeting deadlines, co-worker-related stress, document preparation, and excessive workload. Meanwhile, the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) employees implemented coping strategies to reduce work-related stress, such as having personal time, having time with colleagues/family/friends, focusing on work, and being calm and optimistic. Moreover, the study recommended that the National Irrigation Administration (NIA) administrators adopt the proposed program of activities crafted by the researcher to reduce work-related stress by the employees and collaboratively work with the employees in crafting programs/activities that will continuously reduce stress in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Αlthough unaccompanied refugee minors have sadly been and still are a part of the movements observed worldwide of hundreds of thousands of migrants fleeing persecution, violence and war, there seems to be limited research on their relationships from their viewpoint. The present study explored the relationship experiences of former unaccompanied refugee children (now older adults). During the Greek civil war (1944–1949) thousands of children between the ages of three to 14 were taken from their villages in Greece and settled as unaccompanied refugees in institutions in countries of the former Eastern Bloc. The research sought to gain a rich understanding of their views and experiences regarding personal relationships. Nine older adults (8 men and 1 woman), who were separated from their families when they were younger than 10 years of age, were interviewed. Their narratives were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The themes that emerged from the analysis demonstrated that attachment ties to their parents were severely affected by separation raising questions as regards the existence of attachment representations, the importance of relationships seemed generally undermined, while the role of peers was accentuated. The participants' resilience and coping mechanisms are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyze the locus of health control, self-efficacy and stress coping styles of female patients treated for ovarian cancer. Learning the styles of coping with stress in patients with ovarian cancer may contribute to improve their quality of life after cancer diagnosis. A series of Pearson's r-analyses was performed in the order to evaluate the hypotheses regarding the relationship between styles of coping with stress, the locus of health control and self-efficacy. A total of 151 female patients participated in this study. Standardized psychological questionnaires were used: the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) to measure coping with difficult situations and obstacles, the Multi-Dimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC) to measure health control and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) to measure stress coping styles. All questionnaires had an adaptation in Polish. Patients using task-focused and socializing styles had higher self-efficacy, whereas focusing on negative emotions resulted in lower self-efficacy. External locus of health control was related to a task-focused approach to treatment. On the other hand, the focus on negative emotions was related to the feeling that the fate of patients was decided by chance. Self-efficacy was positively associated with internal locus of health control and with external control, which means the influence of others. The results of our study indicate the need for a multidimensional approach to the treatment of female patients with ovarian cancer. The psychological condition of female patients has an ongoing relationship with their physical health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to uncover the lived experiences of homosexual men behind bars; their coping mechanisms, as well as insights that can be learned from their incarceration. Qualitative research design by means of phenomenology was used with validated semi-structured interview guide as a tool in gathering the responses of the participants of this inquiry. The study employed an in-depth interview with nine participants incarcerated at the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, Maa, Davao City, Philippines. The participants shared their primary experiences such as involvement with prohibited drugs, paying the price of one's transgressions, dealing with painful realities behind bars, living with HIV/AIDS, longing for family, finding a little niche under the sun as a woman and relishing romantic relationships. The coping mechanisms of the participants included being actively involved and occupied, entertaining oneself with jovial activities, getting spiritual, being positive and accepting and getting a grip of oneself. The participants have also shared their insights as a result of their incarceration; live clean, stay away from drugs, alcohol and bad company, education is undoubtedly important, every action has a corresponding repercussion, there is something positive in every situation, and hope springs eternal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conflict is a complicated topic with a multidimensional consequences for community health. Its effects have a broad pattern, starting from direct war-related morbidity and mortality caused by bullets and bombs to indirect consequences due to the interruption of the delivery of preventive and curative health services. This study aimed to explore the health consequences of the northern Ethiopian conflict in the North Wollo zone, northeast Ethiopia, in 2022. Methods: This descriptive qualitative study was conducted from May to June 2022 on six conflict-affected Woredas in the north Wollo zone. A total of 100 purposively selected participants, which included patients, pregnant women, elders, community and religious leaders, and health professionals, were interviewed using IDI and FGD. The data was entered, coded, and analyzed using Open Code version 4.03. Thematic analysis approach employed to conduct the interpretation. Data was presented using descriptive statistics in the form of texts and tables. Results: The findings indicate that the conflict has caused a profound consequence on population health. It has resulted in a wide range of direct and indirect consequences, ranging from war-related casualties, famine, and disruptions of supply chains and forced displacement to instances of violence and rape associated with insecurity. The conflict also caused a breakdown in the health system by causing distraction of health infrastructure, fleeing of health workers and shortage of medication, together with insecurity and lack of transportation, which greatly affected the provision and utilization of health services. Additionally, the conflict has resulted in long-term consequences, such as the destruction of health facilities, interruption of immunization services, posttraumatic stress disorders, and lifelong disabilities. The coping strategies utilized were using available traditional medicines and home remedies, obtaining medications from conflict-unaffected areas, and implementing home-to-home healthcare services using available supplies. Conclusion: The Northern Ethiopian conflict has an impact on community health both directly and indirectly through conflict-related causalities and the breakdown of the health system and health-supporting structures. Therefore, this study recommends immediate rehabilitation interventions for damaged health infrastructure and affected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main thrust of the study was to determine the association of teachers' level of involvement, mental health, and coping mechanisms of Grade V and VI Pupils in selected Public Central Elementary School in the Division of Bohol, School Year 2021-2022. Specifically, it sought to determine the teachers' profile in terms of age, gender, civil status, highest educational attainment, present position, length of teaching experience and number of mental health training attended. It also sought to determine the teachers' level of involvement in terms of self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, social awareness, and social skills. It also sought to determine the pupils' level of mental health in academic performance, depressive thoughts, difficulty in concentration, living environment and social isolation. It also sought to determine the pupils' coping mechanisms in terms of emotional, mental, physical, pleasure, self-care, social activity and spiritual wellness. It sought to find out if there is a significant relationship between the teachers' profile and level of involvement, teachers' level of involvement and pupils' mental health and coping mechanisms; pupils' mental health and pupils' coping mechanisms. The study used the descriptive method and was conducted in 12 selected public central elementary schools in Bohol Division. Respondents were grade five and six pupils and teachers. Stratified sampling was used, and a total of 947 respondents were used. Percentage formula, Weighted mean, Chi-square and Spearman rank were used. Results revealed the highest rank in the profile of the teachers was 31 to 35 years old with 15.38%; majority was female with 93.27%; mostly married, 74.04%; highest educational attainment was with Master's Degree Units with 50%, Teacher 3 position was 56.73%; length of teaching experience was 6 to 10 years with 28.85% and attendance to mental health training ranges from 1 to 2 with 43.27%. The teachers' involvement was rated "very high". In pupils' level mental health was rated "positive mental health" and pupils' coping mechanisms was rated "sometimes". There is a significant relationship between teachers' profile in terms of highest educational attainment, length of teaching experience, number of mental health training attended, and level of involvement. The study concludes that the highest educational attainment, length of teaching experience and number of mental health training attended in the teachers' profile had a bearing to teachers' level of involvement to pupils' emotional development. And, teachers' level of involvement has an association with pupils' mental health and coping mechanisms; pupils' mental health and coping mechanisms. It is recommended that supervisors, school heads, and teachers of DepEd uphold, monitor, and assess the teachers' involvement in pupils' mental health to ensure pupils' growth and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the study was to identify the difficulties and coping mechanisms faced by first-year students enrolled in online Master of Arts in Education courses at St. Peter's College in Iligan City during the first semester of the academic year 2022-2023. The survey provided information on the respondent profiles in terms of their age, sex, civil status, career, technology usage, and monthly family income. Also, the difficulties of taking lessons online, including isolation, instructor ability, motivation, and features. The respondents' coping strategies for the difficulties of taking online classes as well as for course, individual, technological, and environmental difficulties. Significant differences in the challenges and coping mechanisms for the challenges in the online classes of the respondents when grouped according to their socio-demographic profile and significant relationship between the respondents' challenges in online classes and their coping mechanisms. Family monthly income and age mediated the relationship between respondents' challenges and coping mechanisms were determined. The data gathered led to develop an action plan and made recommendations for this study. The study used the descriptive-correlational research method. It involved 149 students as respondents. The data used an adapted questionnaire that was validated through pilot testing. The result showed that most of the respondent's challenges in online classes were motivation, features of online classes, and isolation. The respondents' coping mechanisms for the challenges were in terms of environmental challenges; nevertheless, the other coping mechanisms--course challenges, technological challenges, and individual challenges--were also affirmed to have a better coping mechanism in their online class. The challenges faced by the respondents did significantly differed with the gadgets they used and their family's monthly income and coping mechanisms for online class challenges did significantly differed by their family's monthly income. The challenges in online classes were significantly correlated with their coping mechanisms. The challenges and coping mechanisms are not mediated by family monthly income and by age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative inquiry examined the coping mechanisms employed by health system executives in Ghana during the COVID-19 pandemic to enhance resilience and leadership effectiveness. Utilizing in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, this study uncovered a diverse range of coping strategies utilized by both clinical and non-clinical leaders, such as seeking support from family and friends, engaging in physical activity, and using professional counseling. Non-clinical leaders also emphasized time management and spirituality as coping strategies. This study's conceptual framework highlights the interplay between individual and organizational factors, contextual elements, and the pandemic's impact on executives' coping abilities. These practical implications emphasize the need for tailored support systems, addressing health system executives' specific coping needs, and promoting interventions to strengthen resilience during crises. This study provides valuable insights for healthcare leadership and resilience studies and offers evidence-based policies and support mechanisms for health system executives during future healthcare emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anecdotal reports of student parents' challenges during the Covid‐19 pandemic prompted this explorative study; investigating the lived experiences of UK student parents and the provision of Higher Education support. Data was derived from 91 online surveys, 20 follow‐up interviews, and analysis of 100 university websites. This occurred during the pandemic lockdowns whenthe stresses, challenges and opportunities of balancing their simultaneous roles of parent and student were intensified due to school closures. The Double ABC‐X model provided a framework for examining participant's lived experiences, and the role that Higher Education institutions could play in effecting positive coping and adaptation. Findings indicate that universities need to implement strategies to enhance support for this sector, including greater awareness of the vulnerabilities and challenges involved, more flexibility and adaptability in the university ethos, formal and informal policies and structures to provide more effective support and advice for juggling these simultaneous demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines factors hindering employee engagement, focusing on perceived workplace incivility and its relationship with work engagement. It also presents the mediating and moderating roles of emotional responses and coping mechanisms in the workplace to determine "why" and "when" employee engagement is destabilized. The cross-sectional study used 391 samples from the hotel industry; data were collected from the crew staff via self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using Smart PLS. The study's outcome draws attention to perceived workplace incivility and its significant negative impact on work engagement. The results also reveal that employees' emotional responses and coping mechanisms play significant mediator and moderator roles in the relationship between workplace incivility and work engagement. In terms of theoretical background, the study makes a novel theoretical contribution by applying Affective Events Theory (AET) when employees confront incivility that triggers emotional reactions and then shows how those reactions lead to adverse work outcomes and behaviors. The study outcomes have significant implications for strategic hotel industry staff and policymakers and provide insights for future researchers. Hotel management might consider this study helpful for generating a crew-supportive work environment and stabilizing employee engagement. Plain language summary: Perceived workplace incivility and work engagement: The role of emotional responses and coping mechanisms This study looks at barriers to employee engagement, with a particular emphasis on perceived workplace rudeness and how it relates to engagement at work. It also discusses how emotional reactions and coping techniques play mediating and moderating roles in the workplace to ascertain "why" and "when" employee engagement becomes unstable. The study's findings highlight the substantial detrimental effects of perceived workplace rudeness on employee engagement. The findings also show that the association between workplace incivility and work engagement is significantly mediated and moderated by employees' emotional reactions and coping strategies. The study's conclusions offer valuable information for upcoming academics as well as essential ramifications for legislators and strategic hotel business personnel. Hotel management may find this study helpful in creating a work climate that supports the crew and stabilizes employee engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The education sector is one of the highly affected by the COVID- 19 pandemic. In the Philippines, various measures have been initiated to implement social isolation strategies, and online teaching is followed with rapid curriculum transformation. This study was conducted at a Seminary School in the Philippines to assess the spiritual formation activities, challenges and coping mechanisms based on the lived experiences of Senior High Seminarians. The study is a qualitative design using descriptive phenomenology as methodology. Data were gathered using a researcher-made interview schedule and questionnaire for the focus group discussion (FGD). Ten senior High School seminarians were chosen through purposive sampling. The result shows that most seminarians attended the Mass and praying novena and holy rosary as part of their spiritual formation activities. However, they spent their time playing online mobile games and are addicted to social media, leading them to lack focus and motivation. Seminarians resort to prayer, self-disciplining through avoidance or limitation in using gadgets and social media, and effective and proper to cope with these challenges. It is recommended that the seminary conduct capacity building on how to combat challenges seminarians face and provide a venue for open discussion and feedback so they may have the chance to voice their sentiments and concerns.

This study aimed to explore the impact of the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental and physical states of sports students from Romania and also to compare the differences according to gender and the type of sport. Initially, in order to collect demographic data and health reports, a cross-sectional survey was developed to evaluate the emotional needs of sports students during the pandemic. After the second wave, the coping strategies used by the participants to fight negative emotions were assessed using the CERQ questionnaire. The results indicate that depression symptoms are the most reported psychological issues among the participants and that there are differences according to gender concerning the cognitive schemas they use in order to reduce the symptoms. Also, it was found that there are differences, corresponding to the type of sport, in choosing adaptive coping mechanisms. Ultimately, it was confirmed that higher levels of hopelessness among sports students are associated with increased vulnerability to substance use, with the correlation between those two indicators being strong. Delving deeper into this relationship can help identify critical points for intervention to prevent substance abuse. At the same time, the dichotomic analysis of the results found as moderators—the gender and the type of sport in decreasing the severity of depression could be an important aspect of the next counseling interventions.

This phenomenological study aimed to explore the experiences of Science and Mathematics teachers using English as their instructional medium. Employing purposive sampling, the research utilized diverse data collection methods, such as in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, journal writing, transcription, translation, and thematic analysis. The central focus was on identifying emotional responses that occurred when communication errors arose due to insufficient linguistic competence, particularly in syntax and phonology. The study's findings revealed that teachers frequently expressed emotions, encompassing both positive and negative sentiments, in response to error corrections. These expressions often involved acknowledging their mistakes and offering apologies. The challenges faced by teachers in using English as the medium of instruction stemmed from students' weak language skills, code-switching habits, language misuse, and limited language use. To enhance their linguistic competence, teachers adopted various coping mechanisms, including engaging in English-based listening, reading, speaking, viewing, and writing activities. Additionally, the study produced a schematic diagram illustrating the interconnected factors influencing the use of English as the medium of instruction. In summary, this phenomenological study delved into the experiences of Science and Mathematics teachers using English as their instructional language, with a particular focus on emotional responses during communication errors. The research highlighted the obstacles teachers encountered due to students' language limitations, code-switching tendencies, and language misuse. Furthermore, it identified strategies employed by teachers to bolster their language proficiency, all of which were encapsulated in a schematic diagram illustrating the intricacies of using English as the medium of instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To understand the moral distress experienced by health‐care workers (HCWs) in the COVID paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We also aimed to assess the psychological well‐being and the coping mechanisms used by HCWs. Methods: A prospective observational cross‐sectional study was conducted from July to September 2021, involving all HCWs who worked in the COVID PICU. Moral distress using Moral Distress for Health‐care Professionals (MMD‐HPs) scale, psychological well‐being using Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) and coping strategies adopted by HCWs using Brief‐COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) were measured. Results: One hundred and eighty‐four HCW data were examined. The most common causes of moral distress among HCWs were compromised patient care caused by a lack of resources and caring for more patients than they could safely handle. Moral distress was the same regardless of the HCWs' job profile, marital status, number of children or age. The TSQ revealed psychological stress in 23.3% of HCWs with Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder, significantly higher in HCWs under the age of 30 and without children. Few HCWs turned to substance use, self‐blame or denial as coping mechanisms; instead, acceptance, self‐distraction and emotional support were the most frequently used. Conclusion: The most common reasons for moral and psychological distress perceived by participants were insufficient staff and organisational support. Younger HCWs and those without children experienced higher levels of psychological distress. HCWs' typical coping mechanisms are constructive, such as seeking help and support from others, reframing situations and meditation. Health‐care administrators must develop a framework to assist HCWs in dealing with such serious issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the quality of life of selected secondary school volunteer teachers in the remote areas of the Schools Division of Sultan Kudarat. This qualitative study utilizes phenomenology as its method and used convenience sampling as the sampling technique. Six (6) volunteer teachers were the study's participants. Moreover, the study employed a semi-structured interview guide with openended questions, and the data were analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Through thematic analysis, some emerging themes were extracted after an exhaustive and systematic process of thematic coding, analysis, and categorizations of the transcripts from the interview. Such themes include teachers' passion for teaching, enhancement of teachers' skills, teachers' psychological condition, qualifications, financial stability, long-distance travel, unsafe roadways, classroom management skills, faith, community linkages, classroom management skills, seminars and training, multi-talented teachers, and allowances. This study concludes that volunteer teachers in remote areas need more financial stability. Some of the teachers have limited seminars and training attended. Although they show incredible resilience and courage, they cannot cope with the increasing daily expenses, and a positive outlook cannot buy even the necessities a teacher needs to sustain himself, their family, and even the teaching-learning process itself. The study recommends that more be done to support and train volunteer teachers. Initiatives like professional development programs, access to teaching resources, provision of allowances and hazard pay, provision of plantilla positions in remote areas, and social support networks can go a long way in supporting volunteer teachers and improving education in remote areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to determine the level of stress, anxiety, and depression among Slovenian parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and their coping mechanisms. The study included 42 parents of children with ASD who were enrolled at a specialised clinic for children with hearing and speech difficulties. We used the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) inventory, and a demographic questionnaire which included questions on satisfaction with life and social support received. The respondents reported no clinically elevated levels of stress, depression or anxiety. However, the mothers reported more stress and anxiety related symptoms then did the fathers. The results showed that coping strategies of positive reinterpretation and growth were positively correlated to higher perceived social support and greater satisfaction with life, and were negatively correlated with depression and anxiety. Perceived social support was highly negatively correlated with anxiety. Strategies of acceptance were used significantly more often by individuals with a higher level of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The incidence of breast cancer has increased significantly in Asia due to epidemiological transition and changes in human development indices. Advancement in medical technology has improved prognosis with a resultant increase in survivorship issues. The effects of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment are influenced by the patient’s cultural beliefs and social systems. This scoping review aims to summarise concerns and coping mechanisms of women with breast cancer in Asia and understand gaps in the existing literature. Methods: We performed a scoping review using the population-concept-context strategy. A systematic search of MEDLINE (PubMed, Web of Science), CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Embase was conducted for studies conducted in Asia on women diagnosed with breast cancer, identifying their concerns and coping mechanisms, published between January 2011 and January 2021. Data from included studies were reported using frequencies and percentages. Results: We included 163 studies, of which most (81%) were conducted in hospital settings. Emotional and psychological concerns were reported in 80% of studies, followed by physical appearance and body-image concerns in 46%. Social support (59%), emotion-based coping (46%), spirituality, and problem-based coping (37%) were the major coping systems documented. Conclusion: The mapped literature documented that anxiety, depression, and fear of cancer recurrence dominated women’s emotional concerns. Women coped with the help of social support, positive reappraisal, and faith in God and religion. Sensitization of caregivers, including healthcare professionals and family members, to context-specific concerns and inquiry into the patients’ available support systems is essential in strengthening breast cancer women’s recovery and coping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English is widely regarded as the universal and the most widely spoken language in the world. However, some students need help learning English because they have been used to a specialized language they can only understand. Studies on improving English proficiency using coping mechanisms are effective in giving solutions to this problem. The problem is that they need to pay more attention to the problems faced by some students who struggle to learn English due to specialized language. Therefore, this instrumental case study explored the experiences, challenges, coping mechanisms, and insights of the Based-English students at Davao de Oro State College-New Bataan Campus. There were 5 purposively selected participants in the BSEd-English program who participated in this study. Findings revealed that they have various problems in learning English and use coping mechanisms to deal with it. In the results also, they suggested having programs and activities that will be helpful for the students to improve their English proficiency skills. The study ends with insights and recommendations that will be beneficial for the students to improve their English proficiency skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exponential increase in incidence and mortality from breast cancer is of global concern. Breast cancer patients experience physical, psychological, social, and economic changes that reduce their quality of life. Several factors, such as self-efficacy and coping mechanisms, can affect the quality of life of breast cancer patients. This study aims to explain how self-efficacy and coping mechanisms affect the quality of life of breast cancer patients. This research is a correlational study with a cross sectional design. A sample of 320 respondents used total sampling as a sampling method. This tool measures the quality of life using the EORTC QLQ-C30, self-efficacy with the breast cancer survivor self-efficiency scale questionnaire, and coping mechanisms with the cancer management questionnaire (CCQ). The statistical analysis was based on multiple linear regression. The results showed that self-efficacy had a significant effect on quality of life (p = 0.000), coping mechanisms had a significant effect on quality of life (p = 0.000), and the joint effect of self-efficacy and coping mechanisms. For the quality of life of breast cancer patients (p-value 0.000). Self-efficacy and coping mechanisms have a partial or simultaneous positive impact on the quality of life of breast cancer patients. Therefore, follow-up interventions to improve self-efficacy and coping mechanisms in breast cancer patients are urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to individuals worldwide, demanding the rapid development and utilization of coping mechanisms to navigate the recurring waves of uncertainty and disruption. Coping mechanisms are mediated by personality traits, cognitive schemes and developed perceptions. They are activated in states of stress, danger or events such as the COVID-19 period. Our study employing a network analysis approach sheds light on the coping mechanisms utilized during the recurring periods of the COVID era among a convenience sampling of 403 respondents in Romania. The findings highlight that substance use emerges as the most destabilizing factor within the pandemic resilience network, while the use of instrumental support exhibits the highest expected influence, offering valuable insights into the adaptive and maladaptive strategies that shape the Romanian population's resilience during these challenging times. They highlight the complex interplay of coping strategies and the need for tailored interventions that consider the influential positions and susceptibilities of specific coping mechanisms within the context of recurring COVID-19 waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loss of a companion animal results in millions of pet owners grieving annually. To date, little information has been synthesized on the grief response and coping mechanisms of bereaved pet owners. The aim of this review was to examine the relationship between pet loss and owner grief response. Major themes included: factors that influence the grief response, the disenfranchised nature surrounding pet loss, ambiguous pet loss and coping mechanisms used. Across the 48 studies included in this review, bereaved pet owners frequently reported feelings of embarrassment and loneliness following the loss of their pet. Types of coping mechanisms used by bereaved pet owners were identified and included: isolation, social support, continuing bonds, memorialization, religion, and relationships with other animals. Overall, this review was able to identify a consensus among the literature that bereaved pet owners are likely to experience disenfranchisement surrounding their loss. Based on the present findings, suggestions for future research include a focus on the effectiveness of coping mechanisms used by bereaved pet owners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For most parents, the birth of their child is a reason for joy because the child is the center of their Universe. He is light, hope, smile, change, and future. Raising a child with a disability can have a profound impact on the family. This causes great stress for parents, especially for the mother. Prolonged stress negatively influences their quality of life, causing health problems and having a high level of fatigue, anxiety, and depression. This research aimed to investigate the level of parental stress among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder respectively, among mothers of children with Down syndrome. The results of this study demonstrated significant differences regarding the measured variables among mothers of children with ASD and Down syndrome. Regarding coping mechanisms, mothers of children with ASD use religious coping more frequently compared to mothers of children with Down syndrome, who use the following coping mechanisms: active coping, planning, seeking instrumental support, seeking emotional support, acceptance, mental disengagement, and venting. Additionally, the level of parental stress is higher among mothers of children with ASD, and their quality of life is lower; the tendency of social isolation is at a fairly high level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elderly represent one of the categories that was most affected by the pandemic period. The purpose of this research was to analyze the ways in which mass media and very often contradictory information flows influenced the lives and personal communications of the Romanian elderly population during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to conduct the research, we used a mixed-methods approach. For the quantitative research, we gave a questionnaire to the elderly population of Romania, and for the qualitative research, we conducted interviews. Our quantitative sample included 881 retired persons with an age between 55 and 94 years old; the mean age was 71.48 years old with 6.6 years standard deviation. The elderly described the pandemic period using negative words: fear, loneliness, anxiety, disaster; the channel they mostly watched and trusted was the TV; they were aware of the measures they had to take to protect themselves; they missed most of the meetings with the family and the main problems they had were represented by loneliness, the inability to be with their families or the lack of access to medical services. The elderly's mass media consumption during the pandemic was mostly represented by TV consumption; the information spread by mass media was sometimes contradictory; it influenced their behavior and may have generated feelings of anxiety among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic and the sociopolitical climate in the United States have imposed additional stress and anxiety for graduate students. We explored the stress level in graduate occupational therapy students, the role of exercise in reducing stress, and common coping mechanisms applied to manage academic and sociopolitical stress. Methods: A survey was created and distributed to graduate occupational therapy students in the U.S. Results: Most participants reported moderate to high levels of academic-related stress (n = 73, 97.33%), and more than half reported moderate levels of anger and frustration because of academic-related stress (n = 43, 57.33%). Half of the participants reported that they engage in physical exercise as a coping mechanism for academic stress (n = 38, 50.67%), and most participants thought that kickboxing would help reduce stress (n = 48, 64.00%) and reduce anger and frustration (n = 56, 74.67%). Conclusion: the well-being of graduate students over the past two years has increased after the COVID-19 pandemic and the sociopolitical tension in the U.S. Future research is needed to determine how this stress may affect graduation and employment outcomes and recommendations for burnout and suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and political crisis, Myanmar’s health system has suspended routine services while struggling to respond to the pandemic. Many people who need continuous care, like pregnant women and people with chronic illnesses, have been facing challenges in seeking and receiving essential health services. This study explored community health seeking practices and coping mechanisms, including their views on health system stressors. Methods This was a cross-sectional qualitative study based on 12 in-depth-interviews with pregnant people and persons with pre-existing chronic health conditions in Yangon. Sampling was purposive, convenience-based and snowball sampling was also used. The 3-delays framework was used to understand how persons were interacting with and accessing health care services; community and health system stressors and coping mechanisms in relation to COVID-19 were also identified. Results Findings showed that Yangon region was the hardest hit with both the pandemic and political crisis and its health system was greatly affected. People were unable to access essential health services on time. The health facilities were not available to see patients, with serious shortages in human resources, medicines and equipment, resulting in interruption of essential routine services. The prices of medicines and consultation fees, and transportation costs, increased during this period. Limited options for accessing care were available due to travel restrictions and curfews. It became challenging to receive quality care because of unavailable public facilities and private hospitals being costly. Despite these challenges, the Myanmar people and health system have shown resilience. Cohesive and organized family support structures and extended and deep social networks played an important role in accessing health care. At times of emergency, people relied on community-based social organizations for transportation and accessing essential medicines. The health system also showed resilience through establishing new service provision options, such as teleconsultations, mobile clinics, and sharing medical advice through social media. Conclusions This is the first study in Myanmar to explore peoples’ perceptions on COVID-19, the health system and their healthcare experiences during political crisis. Although there is no easy way to cope with this dual hardship, the people and the health system, even in a fragile and shock-prone setting like Myanmar, stayed resilient by developing alternative pathways for seeking and providing health services.

Since the end of the civil war in 2009, Sri Lankan refugees in India have begun to return home slowly. This article examines the reintegration experiences of first-generation returnees vis-à-vis second-generation returnees who were either born in India or were small children at the time of migration and thus have limited memory of their lives in Sri Lanka before migration. Particular attention is given to challenges encountered, coping mechanisms adapted to overcome these challenges and returnees' perceptions of their own return decision in hindsight. Using 13 in-depth case studies in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka, we found that while the reintegration of first-generation returnees has been relatively uneventful, second-generation returnees, particularly those with Indian higher educational qualifications, faced a cluster of challenges upon their return involving financial, social, and bureaucratic aspects. Their coping mechanisms include accepting jobs beneath their qualifications, remigration to India, and maintaining strong bonds with fellow returnees and friends still in India. While challenges faced upon returning to Sri Lanka have led some returnees, particularly the young, to doubt their decision to return, others are content with their decision as they feel they have better rights in Sri Lanka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to retell and comprehend the story of a mother in the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) using a narrative approach, focusing on her life choices that reflect her unconditional love for her imprisoned children. The research seeks to explore the obstacles she encounters and the coping mechanisms she utilizes to survive behind bars, as well as any valuable life lessons she has learned. The research participant was selected through purposive sampling, and the researcher ensured the validity and pilot testing of the questionnaire guide. Throughout her journey, the mother faces both positive and negative events that challenge her ability to survive and overcome various obstacles. These challenges include the absence of family support, limited food availability, and the management system within BuCor. However, the study finds that these challenges can be overcome. Despite the difficulties, the mother actively participates in numerous BuCor activities, which allows her to gain profound insights and reflect on her own behavior. She has willingly made sacrifices in her life without any regrets, all for the sake of her children's survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to address a research gap related to the outcomes of the use of technology when the performance falls short of initial expectations, and the coping mechanisms that users may deploy in such circumstances. By adopting Cognitive Dissonance Theory, the objectives of the study are a) to examine how dissonance, caused by the negative disconfirmation of expectations, may translate into a positive outcome and b) study how negative emotions, such as anger, guilt and regret, determine the selection of the mechanism to reduce dissonance. The theorised model was tested using a cross-sectional research design and a sample of 387 smart home users. The focus on smart home users fitted the objectives of the study due to the high expectations that users form and the challenges that the utilisation of technology sometimes causes. The collected data was analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings indicate that post-disconfirmation dissonance induces feelings of anger, guilt and regret, correlating with dissonance reduction mechanisms, which in turn have a distinctive effect on satisfaction and wellbeing. The findings of the study contribute to the discussion on expectation-disconfirmation and cognitive dissonance, by illustrating the interrelationship between emotional, cognitive and behavioural factors following the evaluation of technology performance and confirming that negative disconfirmation may result in satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health specialists but especially teachers and parents should get directly involved in identifying several dysfunctional mental manifestations in adolescents/schoolchildren that can lead to certain maladaptative behaviors. Therefore, it is a priority to train them to become aware of, recognize and monitor certain manifestations that are specific to dysfunctional behaviors, aiming to maintain both the mental health balance of each and every adolescent and of the entire group. Teachers may recommend or call for the school's therapist to offer proper mental health services to adolescents, so that, whenever necessary, they could benefit from specialized support through mental health assessment techniques, mental health first aid, support and counselling techniques. Through the present paper we set out to call the teachers and parents' attention to a series of concrete data regarding the anxiety-specific manifestations in adolescents, which can help them in the process of monitoring, supporting and improving mental health balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adolescent students' academic stress, coping, and engagement strategies. In order to look at how these characteristics interact; the study narrowed its attention to a particular group. In this cross-sectional study, 200 students were selected based on convenient sampling technique to evaluate gender-based disparities. Questionnaires, consent forms, and demographic sheets were used to gather data. The present study found a correlation between coping and engagement strategies, furthermore a significant relationship between coping and academic stress was also found. The gender based disparities were also found, particularly in several areas of student involvement. These findings illustrate the significant relationship between coping strategies and academic stress, emphasizing the need of stress management for encouraging involvement in academic endeavours for both male and female students. The study's findings explain the role of academic stress on coping and engagement strategies, enabling students to enhance productivity in their academic careers. However, limited generalizability due to a small sample size should be considered. The study's conclusions can help institutions to promote a supportive academic atmosphere by easing student burdens and encouraging the appropriate use of coping mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 24 February 2022, the Russian Federation invaded Ukraine, starting a military conflict that soon turned into a full-scale war. The Romanians have been actively involved in helping their neighbors, causing the accumulation of emotional and mental pressure upon the Romanian population exposed to such a close military conflict. This cross-sectional study assessed, through an online survey (1586 adult Romanian residents), the primary coping mechanisms, quality of life and anxiety levels in response to the psychological trauma associated with the Russo—Ukrainian war. Based on the results, focusing on and venting emotions along with behavioral disengagement were the coping strategies that had the strongest negative impact on anxiety and well-being. On the other hand, positive reinterpretation and growth were associated with less anxiety, a higher degree of overall health and better quality of life. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to be performed among the Romanian population so far. Thus, we equip mental health practitioners with the tools (real-life evidence data) that will allow them to establish a more meaningful doctor—patient relationship, maximizing therapy results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory dermatosis with vast psychosocial burden. The objective of this study is to thoroughly analyze satisfaction with life (SWL) and coping strategies of HS patients in relation to the clinical and psychosocial factors. Methods: 114 HS patients (53.1% females; mean age 36.6 ± 13.1 years) were enrolled. Severity of the disease was measured using Hurley staging and International HS Score System (IHS4). Instruments utilized: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS); Coping-Orientation to Problems-Experienced Inventory (Brief COPE); HS Quality of Life Scale (HiSQoL); Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7); General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results: SWL was low in 31.6% of HS patients. No relation was found between SWL and Hurley staging and IHS4. SWL correlated with GHQ-28 (r = −0.579 p < 0.001), PHQ-9 (r = −0.603 p < 0.001), GAD-7 (r = −0.579 p < 0.001), and HiSQoL (r = −0.449 p < 0.001). Problem-focused coping strategies were most commonly used, followed by emotion-focused coping and avoiding coping strategies. Significant differences were found between the following coping strategies and SWL: self-distraction (p = 0.013), behavioral-disengagement (p = 0.001), denial (p = 0.003), venting (p = 0.019), and self-blame (p = 0.001). Conclusions: HS patients present low SWL which correlates with psychosocial burden. Reducing anxiety–depression comorbidity and encouraging optimal coping strategies may be of great importance in holistic approach to HS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to understand the nature and context of mental health stigma among people living with a mental health condition and the subsequent effect on their caregivers. Semi-structured qualitative face to face interviews were conducted by trained mental healthcare professionals with mental health service users (n = 26) and caregivers (n = 24) in private rooms at a tertiary health facility, where service users were admitted. Following transcription and translation, data was analysed using framework analysis. There was limited knowledge about their mental health diagnosis by service users and generally low mental health literacy among service users and caregivers. Mental health service users reported experiences of stigma from their own families and communities. Caregivers reported withholding the patient's diagnosis from the community for fear of being stigmatised, and this fear of stigma carries the risk of negatively affecting care treatment-seeking. Limited mental health knowledge, coupled with a high prevalence of perceived family and community stigma among caregivers and service users, impedes the capacity of caregivers to effectively cope in supporting their family members living with mental illness. There is a need for interventions to provide psychoeducation, reduce community stigma, and support coping strategies for caregivers and people with mental health conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Productivity is a mental attitude that has the spirit to make improvements, while work productivity is aimed at getting as much work as possible including the quality of work. Turnover intention is an employee's plan to leave their current job and try to find another job in the near future. Nurses' work productivity is needed to create excellent service quality which has an impact on the quality of service in hospitals with good coping mechanisms, so that job satisfaction is high and turnover intention is low. Therefore, hospitals must have a professional commitment in managing nurse human resources. Quantitative research design with cross sectional study conducted on 145 nurses at Baptist Hospital Kediri. Sample determination using proportionate random sampling technique. The statistical test used is multiple linear regression.The results of multiple linear regression tests show the results that the effect of job satisfaction on nurse work productivity (p = 0.098), the effect of job satisfaction on nurse turnover intention (p = 0.007), the effect of coping mechanisms on nurse work productivity (p = 0.001), the effect of coping mechanisms on nurse turnover intention (p = 0, 012), the effect of job satisfaction and coping mechanisms simultaneously on nurses' work productivity (p=0.001) with an R square value = 0.090 (9%) and the effect of job satisfaction and coping mechanisms simultaneously on nurses' turnover intention (p=0.002) with an R square value = 0.082 (8.2%).Job satisfaction has no effect on nurse work productivity, job satisfaction affects nurse turnover intention, coping mechanisms affect nurse work productivity, coping mechanisms affect nurse turnover intention, job satisfaction and coping mechanisms simultaneously affect nurse work productivity, and job satisfaction and coping mechanisms simultaneously affect nurse turnover intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]