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The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of psychodrama on the codependency, self-actualization and problem-solving skills of women attending Public Education Center Tailoring Courses. The study was conducted with the quasi-experimental design based on the pretest-posttest model with an experimental group. Fifteen volunteering women attending tailoring courses at Malatya Battalgazi District Public Education Center during the 2015-2016 academic year participated in the study. The study data were collected with the Composite Codependency Scale, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, and Problem-Solving Inventory. These three scales were applied to the study group before the application. After the pre-test, a psychodrama group study that included 18 sessions was conducted with eight women in the study group. At the end of the application, the scales were applied as post-test measurements to the study group. To test the effectiveness of the experimental process, the dependent samples t test technique was used. The comparison of the study group pretest and posttest scores revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest selfactualization scores; however, there was no significant difference between codependency, interpersonal control, self-sacrifice, suppression of emotions, and problem-solving skill perception pretest and posttest scores. Thus, it was observed that psychodrama had a significant effect on the improvement of the self-actualization levels of participating women; however, it did not have a significant effect on the reduction of their negative perceptions about problem-solving skills and codependency levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family functioning impacts individuals with a substance use disorder (SUD) and relates to treatment recovery outcomes. A family system and each family member mutually influence one another. Research has also shown alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) functioning of family members who have a loved one with a SUD. This study examined associations between family functioning and PFC activation of such family members using functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure cerebral blood flow in response to SUD loved-one images. A relationship was found between family functioning and left superior frontal sulcus activation. This PFC region is associated with social responding and self-referential processing. These findings support the importance of family member involvement in recovery processes, and highlight family functioning as an important factor connected with individual functioning and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the association between attachment styles within the family system and substance abuse. The authors describe attachment theory and the ways insecure attachments adversely affect the families of individuals with substance abuse concerns. Additionally, they discuss the need for attachment-informed approaches to treat these families and key components of this treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: That arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi covary with plant communities is clear, and many papers report nonrandom associations between symbiotic partners. However, these studies do not test the causal relationship, or 'codependency', whereby the composition of one guild affects the composition of the other. Here we outline underlying requirements for codependency, compare important drivers for both plant and AM fungal communities, and assess how host preference – a pre‐requisite for codependency – changes across spatiotemporal scales and taxonomic resolution for both plants and AM fungi. We find few examples in the literature designed to test for codependency and those that do have been conducted within plots or mesocosms. Also, while plants and AM fungi respond similarly to coarse environmental filters, most variation remains unexplained, with host identity explaining less than 30% of the variation in AM fungal communities. These results combined question the likelihood of predictable co‐occurrence, and therefore evolution of codependency, between plant and AM fungal taxa across locations. We argue that codependency is most likely to occur in homogeneous environments where specific plant – AM fungal pairings have functional consequences for the symbiosis. We end by outlining critical aspects to consider moving forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of research administrator requires highly efficient and collaborative project management to develop competitive, compliant and properly targeted applications for sponsor support. When problems arise, stress and time pressures may lead to maladaptive forms of manipulation and micromanagement between research administrators and principal investigators that resemble dysfunctional, codependent relationships. Using Karpman's Drama Triangle (1968), this article describes the loss of independence and the cognitive bias that precede the development of codependent thinking and behavior in the workplace, particularly as it relates to research administration. Discussion includes the incidence of "helicopter parenting" and its potential application to research administrators' attempts at risk-averse project oversight and security. The remainder of the article provides suggestions for avoiding workplace codependence within the research office, including specific strategies for engaging with principal investigators with greater clarity, effectiveness and respectful collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Codependency is a complex and debatable concept, which has been used over the years by mental health professionals to inform their practices. Researchers have attempted to identify the main problems associated with codependency; however, their evidence is still inconclusive. This is the first time that interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) has been used to explore the lived experience of codependency from the perspective of self-identified codependents. Eight participants recruited from local support groups for codependency in the UK, offered in-depth information about their subjective experiences, and embedded in their lifeworld. Data was gathered through interviews and a visual method. The shared experience of codependency was portrayed by the participants as a complex but tangible multidimensional psychosocial problem in their lives. It incorporated three interlinked experiences: a lack of clear sense of self, an enduring pattern of extreme, emotional, relational, and occupational imbalance, and an attribution of current problems in terms of parental abandonment and control in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Codependency is a term used to describe a range of behaviors among persons who are affected by the problematic drug use of family members. This article analyzes how 32 Swedish parents of adult children with drug problems talked about and understood codependency. The sociology of trouble was used as a theoretical framework and three significant themes were identified in the interviews. The parents spoke about how they defined codependency troubles, how they discovered codependency, and how they set boundaries for their children. The parents talked about their situations as highly distressing, and third-party troubleshooters defined their troubles and problems as codependency. The parents generally rejected the advice to "close the door" on their children and engaged in a range of remedial actions. The analytical focus of this study on the identification, definition, and remedial actions of parents gives valuable insights into family disruptions related to drug problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to both provide additional evidence of the psychometric properties of the Trauma Inventory for Partners of Sex Addicts (TIPSA), and add empirical evidence for the application of betrayal trauma theory outside the context of complex and/or historical trauma. It was hypothesized that reliability coefficients for TIPSA would exceed 0.70; TIPSA and PTSD Checklist for DSM 5 (PCL-5) scores would be significantly positively correlated; TIPSA and Composite Codependency Scale (CCS) scores would not be significantly correlated; and neither Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) nor Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCE) scores would be significantly correlated with, or have a significant effect on, TIPSA or PCL-5 scores. All reliability estimates were above 0.70, and correlation between TIPSA and PCL-5 produced a Pearson's r of 0.851 (p = 5.541 E-55), which indicated a large effect size. Correlations with additional measures produced statistically significant, yet small to weak, effect sizes (CCS: r = 0.292; ACE: r = −0.173; BCE: r = 0.244). This evidence established convergent validity of TIPSA as a measure of trauma symptoms, divergent validity of TIPSA as a measure of codependency, and added empirical evidence for utilizing betrayal trauma theory in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Codependency as an independent primary phenomenon calls for the systematic study and analysis of the existing approaches to the explanation of mechanisms for forming codependency. Codependency has severe negative effects for both the persons and their nearest and dearest and creates favorable conditions for the development of addictive behavior and psychosomatic disorders. It is characterized by an excessive focus or dependence on relationships with others in order to establish personal identity and self-worth. Thus, codependency occurs when an individual is involved in a dysfunctional system or relationship. As a result, the individual fails to become mentally or emotionally. The author purport the codependency can be explained using concepts from M. Bowen's family systems theory. M. Bowen systematized people on a continuum of emotional adulthood, ranging from undifferentiated to differentiated. The level of differentiation proofs in a personal is determined by the "togetherness force" and the degree of "basic self". The higher level of the togetherness force the higher a personal's feelings, behavior and thoughts are defined by other people. As a result, an individual has an undifferentiated sense of self. Such people tend to be emotionally respondent and to make decisions. They are easy stressed by emotional upset and go from one crisis to another. The highly differentiated people have a strong sense of self and who they are. In addition, they are responsible for themselves, their family and society. High differentiation allows both the intellectual and emotional systems to function appropriately. From the point of view of Bowen family systems theory in the article, codependency can be regarded as the undifferentiated Self, which is formed in early child-parent relations and which is the basis for the formation of other types of addictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Currently, psychological knowledge integrates theories on codependent behavior, advancing our understanding of this phenomenon. However, empirical research is lacking to understand its specific manifestations in relation to different types of addiction., Objective: To identify the features of self-attitude and reflection in codependent women., Design: The study included 233 women (ages 18-70), including 102 in relationships with a person addicted to alcohol, drugs, or suffering from a non-chemical addiction). The study was conducted using the following methods: Self-Attitude Questionnaire (Stolin & Panteleev, 1988); Differential Type of Reflection Questionnaire (Leontiev, 2009); and Codependency Self-Inventory Scale (CSIS; Weinhold & Weinhold, 1989; translated by A. G. Cheslavskaya, 2002)., Results: Significant differences were observed in self-attitude and reflection. Women with high codependency have lower self-esteem and tend to underestimate their abilities, compared to the control group. They also exhibit a lower sense of control over their lives, lower self-consistency; they tend to focus on their weaknesses and shortcomings and are more inclined to self-blame. Quasi-reflexivity is more common in codependent women who have relationships with non-chemical addicts or do not identify an addict in their lives., Conclusion: There are significant differences in self-attitude and reflection between the control group and subgroups of women in relationships with different types of addicts; the same differences were observed in comparison of women with low and high codependency levels. The study contributes to a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying codependent behavior in women and has implications for future research and clinical practice., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© Kolenova, A.S., Kukulyar, A.M., Denisova, E.G., Ermakov, P.N., 2024.)

This work analyses the complex and contentious issues of mutual affection and codependency in relationships between Korean 'comfort women' and Japanese soldiers during World War II. Drawing on a combination of interviews and published resources, it explores the groups' perceptions of one another within the framework of 'traumatic bonding'. Despite traumatic violence and stark inequalities, this article finds nuanced contributions from the parties involved. For the soldiers, the relationships provided a form of emotional relief from the violence of war and from the oppression they themselves were subjected to by those of superior rank within the military hierarchy, while the women often sought kindness and protection from the military men with whom they had formed relationships. However, underneath the yearning for human connection, these relationships were highly complex and deeply affected by the overarching power dynamics of gender and the racialised colonial hierarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of encounter group application, integrated with psychodrama techniques, on codependency. In the present study, the nested design method, a mixed design, was utilized. The present study is a quasi-experimental study with control group, where pre-test, post-test and follow-up test measurements were conducted. The study group randomly included 28 female junior and senior pre-service psychological counselors and 14 were included in the control group and 14 in the study group. The quantitative study data were collected with Composite Codependency Scale and focus group interviews were conducted to collect the qualitative study data. An encounter group application, which was integrated with psychodrama techniques, was implemented with the study group for 14 sessions. No intervention was conducted with the control group. As a result of the conducted analyzes, the quantitative findings demonstrated that experimental study was effective in reducing codependency, self-sacrifice and suppression of emotion scores. However, it was not effective in reducing interpersonal control scores. It was found that the qualitative study findings were similar to the quantitative findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study obtained feedback from intimate partner abuse survivors (N = 104) regarding helpful and unhelpful aspects of therapy. The survivors' narrative accounts and answers to quantitative questions were subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results suggest that survivors sought therapy to understand themselves and the abuse they endured. Clinicians' diagnoses of codependency or assertions that survivors chose the relationship weakened the therapeutic alliance and reduced the perceived helpfulness of therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim Obesity with its various physical and mental problems threatens public health. This study aimed to investigate the discriminative role of metacognitive beliefs, the difficulty in emotion regulation, and codependency in women with obesity. Methods and Materials In this causal-comparative research, 40 obese women (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and 40 normal-weight subjects were selected by convenience sampling method. The samples were evaluated by metacognitive questionnaire, difficulties in emotion regulation scale, and the Farsi version of codependency measurement tool. We used discriminant function analysis to analyze the obtained data. Ethical Considerations All study subjects signed the written consent form. The Research Ethics Committee of Kharazmi University approved this study (Code: IR.KHU.REC.1397.41). Results The discriminant function could correctly classify 95% of obese people and 97.5% of normalweight people with 3 variables of metacognitive beliefs, difficulty in emotion regulation, and codependency. In other words, 96.25% of all participants had been classified correctly. Conclusion Distinguishing the two groups of obese and normal people, the variables of metacognitive beliefs, difficulty in emotion regulation, and codependency have a significant role. Therefore, these variables are supposedly influential psychological factors in obesity. So they can be used for its prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polskie Forum Psychologiczne is the property of Kazimierza Wielki University in Bydgoszcz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study is two-fold. It first seeks to compare marital adjustment, co-dependency, marital power, depression, anxiety, and stress in wives of both alcoholics and non-alcoholics. Subsequently, the study endeavors to determine those variables that predict marital adjustment of women in both groups. This study was conducted with a total of 100 women, of which 50 were wives of alcoholics and the remaining 50 were wives of non-alcoholics (i.e., the comparison group). Data for the study were collected using the Demographic Information Form, Marital Adjustment Test, Codependency Assessment Tool, Depression- Anxiety-Stress Scale, and Couple Power Scale. Hypotheses were tested using an independent samples t-test and two separate regression analyses for both groups. The findings showed there to be significant differences in all the main variables between the two groups. Participants in the group consisting of wives of alcoholics were less marital adjusted and had higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress compared to those in the comparison group. Furthermore, wives of alcoholics tended to be more co-dependent and had a lower selfperception of marital power than did those in the comparison group. The regression analyses indicated that in both groups, marital adjustment was predicted only by marital power processes. In light of the study's results, it would be beneficial to include spouses in addiction treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Addiction is a major health stressor for families, representing an under-researched area with important policy implications. The current aim was to validate the Composite Codependency Scale, which captures the psychological characteristics of affected family members, and assess quality of life as mediated by family functioning.Methods: Close relatives (n = 271) of patients in treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) participated in a 4-day psychoeducational program. We also recruited a general population sample (n = 393) via an online social media site. Data were analyzed using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) and a latent regression model. Differences in subscale latent means were applied to ascertain how the scale discriminated the two populations.Results: MGCFA yielded a shortened, nine-item partial scalar invariant scale (SCCS) that allowed comparison of latent means. The SCCS discriminated between family members and the general population, with family scoring higher on all three scale dimensions. By effect size, family had higher means (mean differences; 95% confidence intervals) for 'emotional suppression' (0.48; 0.36-0.59; p < 0.001; effect size, 0.92), 'interpersonal control' (0.47; 0.36-0.59; p < 0.001; effect size, 0.97), and 'self-sacrifice' (0.20; 0.10-0.29; p < 0.001; effect size, 0.43). Higher SCCS scores were associated with greater family dysfunction (β = 1.00, 95% CI 0.63-1.36; p < 0.001) and worse quality of life (β = - 0.23, 95% CI - 0.30 to - 0.16; p < 0.001), confirming the concurrent validity of the SCCS.Conclusion: When family members of people with addictions had the psychological characteristics of suppressing their emotions, believing they could fix others' problems, and neglecting their own for others' needs, they also had more family dysfunction and poorer quality of life. The SCCS offers a valid instrument for addressing the life situation of affected families. This scale can help clinicians focus on family members within health services, especially within SUD treatment services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The study that aims to examine codependence in nurses and the factors that affect codependence has been planned in accordance with the descriptive research method. Material and Methods: The sample group of the study is comprised of 538 nurses that work at five state hospitals and one university hospital located inside the Gaziantep city limits who accepted to participate. Study data were acquired using an Individual Information Form with questions on socio-demographic characteristics and factors which are thought to have an impact on codependence, Nurse Codependency Questionnaire and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Data acquisition tools were applied during the dates of March 3 Mart - August 29, 2014. Result: The scores of nurses from Nurse Codependency Questionnaire was determined as 70.65±11.09, codependent caretaking subscale score average was determined as 40.03±8.31, lack of expression sub-scale score average was determined as 30.00±4.91 and Rosenberg self-esteem scale score average was determined as 22.67±4.15. Conclusions: It was determined that self-esteem, physical, emotional and sexual abuse during the pre-18 year old childhood period, physical and psychological problems, education level, working conditions and whether working hours are regular or not are all related with codependency in nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spouses, partners, parents, and other loved ones of sex addicts are generally treated with variations of the codependency model, which, in a general way, fails to acknowledge that these individuals are in the midst of a relational crisis. Prodependence is a new paradigm for addressing this clientele. Grounded in attachment rather than trauma theory, prodependence views what has previously been seen as dysfunctional (trying to help and stay connected with a sex addict) as how any rational person would act when presented with the extraordinary life crisis of a struggling family member. As an initial evaluation of this new paradigm, clinicians who treat this population were surveyed before and after an informal educational presentation explaining the prodependence model and how it differs from codependency. Findings showed that clinicians currently tend to use variations of codependency in their practices, although many expressed dissatisfaction with this approach. After exposure to the prodependence paradigm, the majority of clinicians expressed a desire to move away from codependency in favor of the prodependence model. This suggests that the attachment and crisis-centric model of prodependence could be more effective than codependency when working with loved ones of sex addicts (and perhaps loved ones of other addicts). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental is the property of Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado e Fundamental Online and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Arenas where experts interact with publics are useful platforms for communication and interaction between actors in the field of public health: researchers, practitioners, clinicians, patients, and laypersons. Such coalitions are central to the analysis of knowledge coproduction. This study investigates an initiative for assembling expert and other significant knowledge which seeks to create better interventions and solutions to addiction-related problems, in this case codependency. But what and whose knowledge is communicated, and how? The study explores how processes of repetition, claim-coupling, and enthusiasm produce a community based on three boundary beliefs: (1) victimized codependent children failed by an impaired society; (2) the power of daring and sharing; and (3) the (brain) disease model as the scientific representative and explanation for (co)dependence. These processes have legitimized future hopes in certain suffering actors, certain lived and professional expertise and also excluded social scientific critique, existing interventions, and alternative accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the problems of emotionally close relations between people in the context of codependency. The article describes the specificity of the development of loyalty as personal formation. In the nature of codependency, there is a progression of the sign of the narcissistic process. A person that has got an increased sensitivity to his/her own comfort zone needs a compensation for their own disadvantage, which is expressed in the compulsive desire to control the lives of others. Their main goal is to achieve a sustained emotional contact and the fact of recognition of their uniqueness. Loyalty for such a person is associated with an emotional burden and the necessity to emphasize its unsteady uniqueness. The basic needs of personality in codependent relationships contents very unevenly, because in the mind of a person with narcissistic signs there is no completed idea of the proximity and certainty of relationships. Loyalty cannot take place in a sustainable personal formation, because its nature is based on the compensation of trauma and the disadvantage of the partner. Loyalty which was formed on the basis of neurotic attachment is based on hopeless expectations, on dissatisfied needs, exaggerated results of interaction filled with double references, feelings of guilt, and a deficit of the sense of belonging. In the codependent relationship, loyalty acquires special modifications and interspersed with other personal structures the nature of which determines the successive cyclical dissatisfaction with this kind of relationship. Loyalty is conditioned by the need to fill its own narcissistic "I" which is incapable of keeping its structural integrity on its own. Without regular support of another person, it quickly desolates and actualizes in a high anxiety. The proximity is realized not in emphasizing the significance of the latter but in the opposite form: depreciated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current article presents a continuation of work dedicated to the problem of religious experience distortions, with which psychotherapist encounters while working with clients who share religious views. The focus is on the phenomena of substitution, which is defined as such a distortion of religious experience, where the person per- ceives it for himself as normal, spiritually mature and healthy condition. The prob- lem of codependence in the context of believer’s religious life is discussed, as well as the problem of God image distortions. Types of occurrence and negative outcomes of such problems for spiritual life of Christian are analyzed. The main causes of the discussed phenomena are pointed out. Recommendations for therapeutic work with such problems are given. Some conclusions about the preparation of Christian psy- chologists that work with religious clients are made.