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Abstract Research was carried out on the removal of a group of six contaminants of emerging concern: bisphenol A, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, diethylstilbestrol, triclosan, estrone and estradiol from the water matrix during contact with small floating macrophytes Wolffia arrhiza and Lemna minor. The optimal conditions for the process, such as pH, light exposure per day, and plant mass, were determined using the design of experiments chemometric approach based on central composite design. Experiments conducted under the designated optimal conditions showed that after 7 days, the removal efficiency equals 88–98% in the case of W. arrhiza and 87–97% in the case of L. minor, while after 14 days of the experiment, these values are 93–99.6% and 89–98%, respectively. The primary mechanism responsible for removing CECs is the plant uptake, with the mean uptake rate constant equal to 0.299 day−1 and 0.277 day−1 for W. arrhiza and L. minor, respectively. Experiments conducted using municipal wastewater as a sample matrix showed that the treatment efficiency remains high (the average values 84% and 75%; in the case of raw wastewater, 93% and 89%, and in the case of treated wastewater, for W. arrhiza and L. minor, respectively). Landfill leachate significantly reduces plants' ability to remove pollutants (the average removal efficiency equals 59% and 56%, for W. arrhiza and L. minor, respectively).

The evolving history of BRCA1 research demonstrates the profound interconnectedness of a single protein within the web of crucial functions in human cells. Mutations in BRCA1, a tumor suppressor gene, have been linked to heightened breast and ovarian cancer risks. However, despite decades of extensive research, the mechanisms underlying BRCA1's contribution to tissue-specific tumor development remain elusive. Nevertheless, much of the BRCA1 protein's structure, function, and interactions has been elucidated. Individual regions of BRCA1 interact with numerous proteins to play roles in ubiquitination, transcription, cell checkpoints, and DNA damage repair. At a cellular scale, these BRCA1 functions coordinate tumor suppression, R-loop prevention, and cellular differentiation, all of which may contribute to BRCA1's role in cancer tissue specificity. As research on BRCA1 and breast cancer continues to evolve, it will become increasingly evident that modern materials such as Bisphenol A should be examined for their relationship with DNA stability, cancer incidence, and chemotherapy. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of BRCA1's many roles at a molecular, cellular, organismal, and environmental scale. We hope that the knowledge gathered here highlights both the necessity of BRCA1 research and the potential for novel strategies to prevent and treat cancer in individuals carrying BRCA1 mutations.

This study focused on synthesis of anionic magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) immobilized with a bisphenol A (BPA)-specific peptide aptamer for selective BPA adsorption. The MNP surface was coated with anionic poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS) to provide water dispersibility and stability. These nanosorbents, with a saturation magnetization value of 47 emu/g, responded well to the change in zeta potential and hydrodynamic size with varying dispersion pH. The aptamer loading capacity of particles was 0.12 mg/mg MNPs, and the nanosorbents exhibited a 47% BPA adsorption capacity. Importantly, they shown high selectivity in capturing BPA over structurally similar molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the work is to present issues related to the influence of surface treatment on the strength of adhesive joints of C45 steel sheets by grinding based on experimental research. These issues were related to determining the impact of the gradation and type of abrasive material on the strength of adhesive joints of the steel sheets. The grinding was carried out manually using an angle grinder with a disc diameter of 125 mm and a rotational speed of 11.060 min-1, using abrasive materials with grains made of: ceramics, zirconium and electro-corundum with a gradation of P40, and sandpaper with grains made of electro-corundum with various grain sizes with three gradations P40, P220, P400 (according to European FEPA standards). To make the adhesive joints of steel sheets, the epoxy adhesive was used, which contains an epoxy resin based on bisphenol A and a triethyleneteramine curing agent. A profilographometer from Hommel - Etamic was used to determine selected 2D and 3D surface roughness parameters, and the strength tests of the steel sheets adhesive joints were performed on a ZWICK/ROELL Z150 testing machine. The analysis of the tests showed a significant impact of the surface treatment method on the attained shear strength of the steel sheets adhesive joints. Comparing the samples prepared with electrocorundum of the variable gradation, the tests exhibited that the samples prepared with P40 paper had the highest roughness, while samples prepared with P400 paper had the highest shear strength. Roughness analysis indicated that in the comparison group of samples prepared with abrasives of the various abrasive materials, ceramics showed the highest roughness parameters and the shear strength of the adhesive joints after this treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) of adolescents is a worldwide public health problem. Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalate (PAEs) are prevalent and potentially toxic to human health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the associations between urinary level of BPA, PAEs, 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), and EBPs. A total of 865 Chinese adolescents were included in this study and EBPs was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Urinary concentrations of BPA and seven PAEs metabolites in adolescents were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Urinary 8-iso-PGF2α concentration was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spearman rank correlation analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline functions were used to explore the relationship between the levels of BPA, PAEs, 8-iso-PGF2α and EBPs. BPA and PAEs metabolites were positively associated with EBPs in Chinese adolescents. And the 8-iso-PGF2α was significantly non-linearly correlated with emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems and total difficulties. Furthermore, 8-iso-PGF2α may partially mediate the association between BPA and PAEs exposure and EBPs. This study was a cross-sectional study, the cause-effect relationship between BPA, PAEs exposure and EBPs could not be determined. A single spot urine sample for BPA and PAEs exposure characterization maybe could not represent their long-term exposure level. High exposure of BPA and PAEs are associated with EBPs, which may be partly mediated by oxidative stress among adolescents. The results of this study could provide certain ideas for subsequent related research. [Display omitted] • Adolescents were widely exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates (PAEs). • BPA and PAEs were associated with emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs). • Oxidative stress mediated the association of BPA, PAEs and EBPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA), an organic compound used to produce polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, has become a ubiquitous contaminant due to its high-volume production and constant release to the environment. Plant metabolomics can trace the stress effects induced by environmental contaminants to the variation of specific metabolites, making it an alternative way to study pollutants toxicity to plants. Nevertheless, there is an important knowledge gap in metabolomics applications in this area. Objective: Evaluate the influence of BPA in French lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L. var capitata) leaves metabolic profile by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) using a hydroponic system. Methods: Lettuces were cultivated in the laboratory to minimize biological variation and were analyzed 55 days after sowing (considered the plant’s adult stage). Hexanoic and methanolic extracts with and without derivatization were prepared for each sample and analyzed by GC–MS. Results: The highest number of metabolites was obtained from the hexanoic extract, followed by the derivatized methanolic extract. Although no physical differences were observed between control and contaminated lettuce leaves, the multivariate analysis determined a statistically significant difference between their metabolic profiles. Pathway analysis of the most affected metabolites showed that galactose metabolism, starch and fructose metabolism and steroid biosynthesis were significantly affected by BPA exposure. Conclusions: The preparation of different extracts from the same sample permitted the determination of metabolites with different physicochemical properties. BPA alters the leaves energy and membrane metabolism, plant growth could be affected at higher concentrations and exposition times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of the best properties of Polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) has resulted in the development of commercially available PC/ABS blends that have been found to be useful in many molding applications. PC has excellent mechanical and optical properties, but predominant use of bisphenol A in PC synthesis raises concerns regarding its potential environmental harm. In this study, we have studied the alternative for the PC/ABS blend by replacing PC with the bio-based PC and ABS with the Acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA). A blend of bio-based PC and ASA was prepared by the melt blending techniques and investigated mechanical, thermal, and degradation (hydrolytic and soil burial degradation) properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polystyrene microplastics, especially those smaller than 10 μm, reduce male fertility in murine models, but whether they affect male reproduction in humans is poorly understood. Here, we studied polystyrene microplastics smaller than 10 μm in human semen samples and evaluated their toxicity to human sperm. We also tested the use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to remove nanoplastics and decrease their toxicity in human sperm. Results show that human semen is contaminated by approximately 3.57 ± 0.32 μg/mL polystyrene microplastics smaller than 10 μm. Polystyrene nanoplastics of 25–100 nm penetrate and damage human sperm at semen-relevant concentrations of 5 and 50 μg of nanoplastic per mL, while 0.5–10 μm polystyrene microplastics bind to the sperm. We also found that 25-nm polystyrene nanoplastics exhibited a synergistic toxicity with bisphenol A on human sperm. Nonetheless, we observed that environmental microplastics released from disposable paper cups do not pose a significant hazard to human sperm under our conditions. Furthermore, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can aggregate and coprecipitate with 25-nm polystyrene nanoplastics to eliminate their adverse effects on human sperm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the toxicity of pollutants has been rather well explored in simple laboratory conditions, there is little knowledge on their real toxicity in natural environments and living organisms because pollutants are often interacting and trapped into organic matter. Because of these interactions, their real concentrations can also be underestimated. Here we studied the nature, intensity, and strength of the interactions between bisphenol A and nano-sized natural organic matter. The bioavailability and toxicity of the complexed bisphenol A were tested with human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Results show that that interaction of bisphenol A with organic matter reduces bisphenol A cytotoxicity. Moreover, the bisphenol A-organic matter interaction is weak in the first hour then very stable after 24 h. Once formed, the bisphenol A-organic matter complex escapes detection and, as a consequence, the levels of pollutants in organic-rich media is most probably underestimated. The mechanism of interaction involves hydrophobic and π-stacking forces inside the core of nano-sized organic matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, is commonly used to produce epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Continuous exposure to BPA may contribute to the development of diseases in humans and seriously affect their health. Previous research suggests a significant relationship between the increased incidence of neurological diseases and the level of BPA in the living environment. Syringic acid (SA), a natural derivative of gallic acid, has recently considered much attention due to neuromodulator activity and its anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of SA on oxidative stress, apoptosis, memory and locomotor disorders, and mitochondrial function, and to identify the mechanisms related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the brain of rats receiving high doses of BPA. For this purpose, male Wistar rats received BPA (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and SA (50 mg/kg) for 21 days. The results showed that BPA exposure significantly altered the rats' neurobehavioral responses. Additionally, BPA, by increasing the level of ROS, and MDA level, increased the level of oxidative stress while reducing the level of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, GPx, and mitochondrial GSH. The administration of BPA at 200 mg/kg significantly decreased the expression of ERRα, TFAM, irisin, PGC-1α, Bcl-2, and FNDC5, while it increased the expression of TrkB, cytochrome C, caspase 3, and Bax. Moreover, the Western blotting results showed that BPA increased the levels of P-AMPK, GSK3b, p-tau, and Aβ, while it decreased the levels of PKA, P-PKA, Akt, BDNF, CREB, P-CREB, and PI3K. Meanwhile, SA at 50 mg/kg reversed the behavioral, biochemical, and molecular changes induced by high doses of BPA. Overall, BPA could lead to the development of AD by affecting the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway, as well as AMPK/PGC-1α/FNDC5 and CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways, and finally, by increasing the expression of tau and Aβ proteins. In conclusion, SA, as an antioxidant, significantly reduced the toxicity of BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era dominated by plastic, the widespread use of plastic in our daily lives has led to a growing accumulation of its degraded byproducts, such as microplastics and plastic additives like Bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is recognized as one of the earliest man-made substances that exhibit endocrine-disrupting properties. It is frequently employed in the manufacturing of epoxy resins, polycarbonates, dental fillings, food storage containers, infant bottles, and water containers. BPA is linked to a range of health issues including obesity, diabetes, chronic respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, and reproductive abnormalities. This study examines the bacterial bioremediation of the BPA, which is found in many sources and is known for its hazardous effects on the environment. The metabolic pathways for the breakdown of BPA in important bacterial strains were hypothesized based on the observed altered intermediate metabolites during the degradation of BPA. This review discusses the enzymes and genes involved in the bacterial degradation of BPA. The utilization of naturally occurring microorganisms is the most efficient and cost-effective method due to their selectivity of strains, ensuring sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A has become a global public health problem. As an antioxidant, geraniol has potential preventive effects against toxicity. This study analyzes the preventive effect of geraniol against BPA induced liver injury in CD-1 mice. Geraniol administration significantly ameliorated BPA induced liver damage by the increase in superoxide dismutase/catalase enzymatic activities, and decrease in malonaldehyde level; prompted a significant reduction in the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and pyroptosis biomarkers (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1); up-regulated the expression of claudin-1, ZO-1, and occludin markedly, which exhibited intestinal barrier function. Also, geraniol treatment optimized the composition and diversity of gut microbiota. It may be summarized that geraniol showed protective effects on liver injury induced by BPA and further revealed that the mechanism might be located on improving intestinal physical barrier function, down-regulating pyroptosis biomarkers, and normalizing intestinal microbiota, consequently reducing inflammatory response in the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that bisphenol A exposure is associated with the risk of hypertension; however, most of them are cross-sectional and the conclusions are not consistent. ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between bisphenol A exposure and the incident risk of hypertension. MethodsBased on a nested case-control design involving 1990 subjects derived from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, a total of 1080 subjects were included in this study after excluding 887 hypertensive cases at baseline and 23 subjects with missing blood pressure data in follow-up visits. Epidemiological information was collected through questionnaire survey, and serum bisphenol A concentration was detected by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the potential association between serum bisphenol A level and the risk of hypertension incidence, and linear regression model was used to analyze the association between serum bisphenol A level and blood pressure changes between baseline and follow-up. ResultsThe average age of the 1 080 participants was (62.03±7.45) years, of which 41.1% were male. During the follow-up period, a total of 477 (44.2%) developed hypertension. The median serum concentration of bisphenol A in the total population was 3.15 μg·L−1, and the baseline bisphenol A concentration in the new case group (3.24 μg·L−1) was higher than that in the control group (2.98 μg·L−1) (P0.05). ConclusionBisphenol A exposure is positively associated with the risk of hypertension.

As one of the most widely used plasticizers, BPA is often used in various types of food packaging. However, the leaching of BPA from food and water and the emission of BPA in the manufacturing process can harm human health. In recent years, carbon-based composites have shown excellent performance in the detection of BPA due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The rapid detection of BPA by electrochemical sensors based on carbon-based composites has become a research hotspot. This article provides an overview of BPA and the application of carbon-based materials modified electrochemical sensors in the detection of BPA, as well as prospects for the development direction of electrochemical detection of BPA.

Bisphenol A (BPA) and high-fat diets (HFD) are known to adversely affect the kidneys. However, the combined effects of both cases on kidney health and the potential benefits of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in mitigating these effects have not been investigated. To explore these aspects, male Wistar rats were fed with HFD and allocated to receive a vehicle or BPA. At week twelve, the BPA-exposed rats were subdivided to receive a vehicle or NAC along with BPA until week sixteen. Rats fed HFD and exposed to BPA showed renal dysfunction and structural abnormalities, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, with alterations in key proteins related to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), bioenergetics, oxidative balance, dynamics, apoptosis, and inflammation. Treatment with NAC for 4 weeks significantly improved these conditions. The findings suggest that NAC is beneficial in protecting renal deterioration brought on by prolonged exposure to BPA in combination with HFD, and modulation of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) signaling by NAC appears to play a key role in the preservation of homeostasis and integrity within the mitochondria by enhancing OXPHOS activity, maintaining redox balance, and reducing inflammation. This study provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for preserving kidney health in the face of environmental and dietary challenges.

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown that prenatal BPA exposure altered the transcriptome profiles of autism-related genes in the offspring’s hippocampus, disrupting hippocampal neuritogenesis and causing male-specific deficits in learning. However, the sex differences in the effects of prenatal BPA exposure on the developing prefrontal cortex, which is another brain region highly implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have not been investigated. Methods We obtained transcriptome data from RNA sequencing analysis of the prefrontal cortex of male and female rat pups prenatally exposed to BPA or control and reanalyzed. BPA-responsive genes associated with cortical development and social behaviors were selected for confirmation by qRT-PCR analysis. Neuritogenesis of primary cells from the prefrontal cortex of pups prenatally exposed to BPA or control was examined. The social behaviors of the pups were assessed using the two-trial and three-chamber tests. The male-specific impact of the downregulation of a selected BPA-responsive gene (i.e., Sema5a) on cortical development in vivo was interrogated using siRNA-mediated knockdown by an in utero electroporation technique. Results Genes disrupted by prenatal BPA exposure were associated with ASD and showed sex-specific dysregulation. Sema5a and Slc9a9, which were involved in neuritogenesis and social behaviors, were downregulated only in males, while Anxa2 and Junb, which were also linked to neuritogenesis and social behaviors, were suppressed only in females. Neuritogenesis was increased in males and showed a strong inverse correlation with Sema5a and Slc9a9 expression levels, whereas, in the females, neuritogenesis was decreased and correlated with Anxa2 and Junb levels. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of Sema5a in males also impaired cortical development in utero. Consistent with Anxa2 and Junb downregulations, deficits in social novelty were observed only in female offspring but not in males. Conclusion This is the first study to show that prenatal BPA exposure dysregulated the expression of ASD-related genes and functions, including cortical neuritogenesis and development and social behaviors, in a sex-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that, besides the hippocampus, BPA could also exert its adverse effects through sex-specific molecular mechanisms in the offspring’s prefrontal cortex, which in turn would lead to sex differences in ASD-related neuropathology and clinical manifestations, which deserves further investigation.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an adhesive substance used in the production of food packaging, electronic devices, dental sealants and polycarbonate plastics. This substance, which can leak into products during industrial processes, can be taken into the body through contact or consumption. BPA causes oxidative damage in the body and toxicity to organs. This study was conducted on 52 male rats. The rats were randomly distributed into 4 separate groups, with 13 animals in each. Experiment groups were formed as follows: Control: 1 ml of olive oil was administered intragastrically for 14 days. Hesperidin (HESP): HESP was administered intragastrically at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 14 days. BPA: BPA dissolved in olive oil was administered intragastrically at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 14 days. BPA+HESP: BPA at a dose of 100 mg/kg and HESP at a dose of 50 mg/kg were administered intragastrically for 14 days. Brain tissue samples from the rats were collected on the 15th day of the experiment while the rats were under sevoflurane anesthesia. Histopathological and biochemical analyzes were performed on the brain tissues of the rats. As a result of the study, it was observed that HESP had a protective effect on BPA-induced neurotoxicity in rats and triggered the antioxidant mechanism responsible for defense in the cell. It was opined that the degenerative and necrotic tissue damage caused by BPA in the brain tissue decreased with the effect of Hesperidin.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that leaches into food and is significantly employed in food and beverage storage, and source water cycles. To ensure an outstanding and sustainable biosphere while safeguarding human health and well-being, BPA detection is essential, necessitating an efficient detection methodology. Here, we describe an easy-to-use, inexpensive, and overly sensitive electrochemical detector that uses Fe-MOF nanotextures for identifying BPA in groundwater. This sensing electrode device combines the excellent guest interaction potential of organic ligands with the substantial surface area of metal. Using various analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), the structural and physicochemical behaviors of the as-synthesized material were evaluated. Electrochemical BPA detection was enabled by a diffusion-controlled oxidation procedure with a comparable number of both protons and electrons. With a 0.1 μM detection limit, the sensor displayed a linear sensitivity of around 0.1 μM and 15 μM. Additionally, the sensors demonstrated an outstanding recovery with actual water samples as well as a repeatable and steady performance over the course of a month exhibiting minimal interference from typical inorganic and organic species. Due to its notable sensitivity, inexpensive cost, robust selectivity, excellent repeatability, and reuse ability, the electroanalytical possibilities of the Fe-MOF-modified GCE suggest that the device can be implemented into real-world applications in its primed condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycidyl ethers are prepared from a series of furan‐based diols and cured with a diamine to form thermosets. The furan diols demonstrate lower toxicity than bisphenol‐A in a prior study. The diglycidyl ethers show improved thermal stability compared to the parent diols. Cured thermosets are prepared at elevated temperature using isophorone diamine (IPDA). Glass transition temperatures are in the range of 30–54 °C and depend on the structure of the furan diol. Coatings are prepared on steel substrates and show very high hardness, good adhesion, and a range of flexibility. Properties compare favorably with a control based on a bisphenol‐A epoxy resin. The study demonstrates that epoxy resins based on furan diols, which have been shown to have lower toxicity than bisphenol‐A, can form thermosets having properties comparable to a standard epoxy resin system; and thus, are viable as replacements for bisphenol‐A epoxy resins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the effects of bisphenol A (BPA), a residual contaminant derived from plastic materials, on binary mixtures of the phospholipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and cholesterol (Chol). These mixtures were structured into bilayers, forming giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), and monolayers, forming Langmuir films, whose compositions and phases are relevant for mimicking the cell plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells. The composition of the binary mixture of DOPC/Chol 8:2, representing the proportion of the primary lipid groups found in cells, was effective in inducing inward buddings when exposed to BPA, in addition to the multiple shape transformations observed for DOPC vesicles. In monolayers, BPA induced the π–A isotherm expansion of DOPC, Chol, and the binary mixtures, also mainly in the DOPC/Chol 8:2 monolayers. Consistently, polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy measurements revealed more pronounced interactions between BPA and the DOPC headgroup (hydrogen bonding from the hydrogen of the BPA phenol group and the nitrogen from the DOPC choline group, preferentially) in the DOPC/Chol 8:2 monolayer compared to that in individual DOPC monolayer. The presence of Chol appears to make the DOPC headgroups more accessible for interaction, even in bilayers. These results emphasize the substantial impact of BPA on the DOPC/Chol binary mixture, highlighting its critical role in predicting the potential damage to human cell membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenols (BP), including BPA and "BPA-free" structural analogs, are commonly used plasticizers that are present in many plastics and are known endocrine disrupting chemicals. Prenatal exposure to BPA has been associated with negative neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in children and in rodent models. Prenatal BPA exposure has also been shown to impair postnatal maternal care provisioning, which can also affect offspring neurodevelopment and behavior. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the biological effects of prenatal exposure to bisphenols other than BPA and the interplay between prenatal bisphenol exposure and postnatal maternal care on adult behavior. The purpose of the current study was to determine the interactive impact of prenatal bisphenol exposure and postnatal maternal care on neurodevelopment and behavior in rats. Our findings suggest that the effects of prenatal bisphenol exposure on eye-opening, adult attentional set shifting and anxiety-like behavior in the open field are dependent on maternal care in the first five days of life. Interestingly, maternal care might also attenuate the effects of prenatal bisphenol exposure on eye opening and adult attentional set shifting. Finally, transcriptomic profiles in male and female medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala suggest that the interactive effects of prenatal bisphenol exposure and postnatal maternal care converge on estrogen receptor signaling and are involved in biological processes related to gene expression and protein translation and synthesis. Overall, these findings indicate that postnatal maternal care plays a critical role in the expression of the effects of prenatal bisphenol exposure on neurodevelopment and adult behavior. Understanding the underlying biological mechanisms involved might allow us to identify potential avenues to mitigate the adverse effects of prenatal bisphenol exposure and improve health and well-being in human populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bisphenol S (BPS) is a substitute for bisphenol A in plastic manufacturing and, as a potential endocrine disruptor, may alter the physiology of the oviduct, in which fertilization and early embryo development take place in mammals. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a daily dietary exposure to BPS combined with a contrasted diet on the oviduct fluid proteome using an ovine model. Results: Eighty adult cyclic ewes were allotted to four groups (20/group): overfed (OF) consuming 50 µg/kg/day of BPS in their diet, underfed (UF) consuming 50 µg/kg/day of BPS, and non-exposed controls in each diet group. After three months, the mean body condition score, plasma levels of glucose and non-esterified fatty acids were significantly higher in OF than in UF females. The proteins in collected OF samples (50 µg) were analyzed by nanoliquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). Overall, 1563 proteins were identified, among which 848 were quantified. Principal component analysis of the data revealed a clear discrimination of samples according to the diet and a segregation between BPS-exposed and non-exposed females in overfed ewes. Hierarchical clustering of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) identified two clusters of 101 and 78 DAPs according to the diet. Pairwise comparisons between groups revealed a stronger effect of BPS in OF than in UF females (70 vs. 24 DAPs) and a stronger effect of the diet in BPS-exposed than non-exposed females (56 vs. 36 DAPs). Functional analysis of DAPs showed an enrichment in metabolic processes, immune system, cell response to stress, and reproductive processes. Conclusions: This work highlights for the first time the important impact of BPS on the oviduct proteome, with larger effects seen in OF than UF females. These results, together with previous ones, raise health concerns for everyone and call for a greater regulation of BPS in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAdditives, such as bisphenol A (BPA) that are added to packaging material to enhance functionality may migrate into food products creating a concern for food safety. BPA has been linked to various chronic diseases, such as: diabetes, obesity, prostate cancer, impaired thyroid function, and several other metabolic disorders. To safeguard consumers, BPA migration limits have been defined by regulatory bodies. However, it is important to address the underlying factors and mechanisms so that they can be optimized in order to minimize BPA migration. In this review, we determine the relative importance of the factors, i.e. temperature, contact time, pH, food composition, storage time and temperature, package type, cleaning, and aging, and packaging damage that promote BPA migration in foods. Packaging material seems to be the key source of BPA and the temperature (applied during food production, storage, can sterilization and cleaning processes) was the critical driver influencing BPA migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the presence of bisphenol A (BPA), S (BPS), F (BPF), and M (BPM) in various recycled plastics readily available on the market (LDPE, HDPE, PET, and PP), in light of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) limits. Twenty samples of different origin are analyzed, cleaning treatments are applied, and the migration potential of these bisphenols into food is studied. BPM is absent in all samples, but a post-consumer recycled LDPE sample reveals high bisphenol concentrations, raising concerns, reaching 8540 ng/g, 370 ng/g, and 29 ng/g of BPA, BPS, and BPF, respectively. Migration tests show substantial migration of these contaminants into food simulants. Using a cleaning treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) reduces BPA in LDPE, HDPE, PP, and PET samples by 95%, 99%, 97% and 28%, respectively, highlighting the importance of cleaning treatments across various polymers in plastic recycling. These findings not only protect food safety but addressing environmental challenges associated with plastic recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the search for alternative energy and chemical sources in response to the depletion of fossil resources. It focuses on the synthesis of furanic diols from biomass feedstocks using a zinc/bismuth-mediated allylation reaction. The authors propose a user-friendly, inexpensive, and high-yielding green method for the synthesis of biobased diols. The article provides experimental results, optimization of reaction conditions, and a protocol for the synthesis of various allyl-substituted diols. It also includes chemical data and synthesis procedures for various compounds. The document concludes with an acknowledgment and dedication to Prof. Dennis Curran. [Extracted from the article]

Promoting the Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle efficiency is of wide interest for the broader applications of the Fenton process in water treatment sector. In this study, the alternating magnetic field (AMF) was employed to accelerate the reduction from Fe(III) to Fe(II). To achieve this purpose, a composite of nano-zero valence iron and NiFe2O4 was fabricated (denoted as Fe@NiFe2O4). Under the optimal reaction conditions, bisphenol A (BPA) was removed completely within 15 min by the Fe@NiFe2O4/H2O2 system in the presence of AMF, while only ∼60% was removed in the absence of AMF. The faster removal rate in the presence of AMF was ascribed to the elevated temperature caused by the inductive heating of Fe@NiFe2O4 (∼41°C according to the simulation). The simulator of the Fenton process was considered to be the leaked Fe(II) from the Fe part of the composite, as an equal concentration of Fe(II) (∼5.7 mg/L) resulted into a similar removal kinetic. However, the system with Fe@NiFe2O4 as the catalyst consumed less H2O2 in this process, indicating its different activation pathway from the conventional Fenton process. Electrochemical analysis confirmed that the AMF can generate the internal electric field within the composite particle. This field may facilitate the reduction from Fe(III) to Fe(II), which further benefitted the Fenton reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Mounting evidence shows that bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with metabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to review related epidemiologic studies and conduct a meta‐analysis to quantitatively estimate the association between BPA and metabolic syndrome. Four electronic databases were systematically searched to identify suitable articles. A total of 47 published studies were finally included. Two studies involved metabolic syndrome. Of the 17, 17, 14, and 13 studies on the relationship between BPA with abdominal obesity, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and dyslipidemia, 10, 6, 3, and 4 studies were included in the meta‐analysis, respectively. The results showed that the risk of abdominal obesity increased with the increase of BPA exposure, especially in the group with higher BPA exposure levels (Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 1, pooled OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.33; Q3 vs. Q1, pooled OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.13, 1.51; Q4 vs. Q1, pooled OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.61). However, there was no significant correlation between BPA exposure and metabolic syndrome components including hypertension, abnormal fasting plasma glucose, and dyslipidemia. The present study found that BPA exposure is significantly associated with a higher risk of abdominal obesity. However, the relationship between BPA with metabolic syndrome and its other components needs further longitudinal studies to verify. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a class of thermosetting resins with exceptional overall performance, cyanate esters have not received sufficient attention for their potential applications in 3D printing. In this paper, polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder is used for the first time as a thixotropic agent to regulate the rheological properties of liquid bisphenol E cyanate monomer for direct ink writing of cyanate ester resins in 3D printing. Due to their appropriate compatibility, the mixed inks exhibit high storage modulus and shear-thinning behavior, enabling the printed structures to maintain their shape well during printing and subsequent curing processes. The printed samples have good mechanical strength and excellent thermal stability. At the same time, the presence of polytetrafluoroethylene endows the composite materials with low dielectric constant and hydrophobicity. The latter property leads to high hygrothermal stability of the composites. The cyanate ester-polytetrafluoroethylene composite developed here offers a reliable method for 3D printing high performance cyanate ester, efficiently enhances the processibility of the cyanate ester based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present a method for ion-associated liquid phase (IALP) separation and concentration of analytes from an aqueous matrix into an IALP formed in situ by the charge neutralization reaction of organic cations and anions, without centrifugation. The effects of various factors on the extraction efficiency and other parameters are investigated, whereas no instrumental stirring, such as vortexing or ultrasonics, is required because the solvent (IALP) is formed in situ. The organic cation and anion used are ethylhexyloxypropylammonium and dodecyl sulfate, respectively. The developed in situ IALP microextraction method for phase separation without centrifugation is tested using the thymol blue dye and several endocrine disruptors. The tested endocrine disruptors (bisphenol A, 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and estrone) are analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection, with respective detection limits of 0.02, 0.02, 0.02, and 0.4 μg L−1, and the corresponding enrichment factor ranging from 47 to 71. This IALP microextraction method can be used to separate and concentrate environmental water samples of different matrices. The employed IALP is fast and easy to use, enables an approximately 100-fold analyte concentration, and has a high affinity for estrogens, thus holding promise for the separation, concentration, and quantitation of diverse trace analytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A specific feature of mushrooms (including those of the genus Pleurotus) is their natural ability to absorb and accumulate many chemical substances present in their immediate environment, which makes them an excellent natural sorption material. Hence, fruiting bodies of mushrooms have been recognized for years as excellent indicators of the environment, reflecting its current state. Nevertheless, mushrooms can accumulate both health-promoting substances, such as bioelements, and toxic substances, such as heavy metals and organic compounds, including bisphenol A® (BPA). This organic chemical compound in the phenol group, although it has been withdrawn in the EU since 2010, is widely present in the environment around us. In the present experiment, we aimed to determine the effect of adding BPA to liquid media for in vitro cultures of Pleurotus spp. The biomass increases were determined. Moreover, the degrees of adsorption and desorption of BPA from the obtained freeze-dried biomass in two different environments (neutral and acidic) were determined as a function of time. This is the first study to determine the bioavailability of adsorbed BPA in obtained biomass by extracting the mycelium into artificial digestive juices in a model digestive system. BPA was added to the liquid Oddoux medium in the following amounts: 0.01, 0.5, and 0.5 g/250 mL of medium. The amounts of adsorbed and desorbed BPA were determined by flow injection analysis (FIA) with amperometric detection. The addition of BPA to the substrate reduced the biomass growth in each of the discussed cases. BPA adsorption by the mycelium occurred at over 90% and depended on the morphology of the mushroom (structure, surface development, and pore size). BPA desorption depended on the pH of the environment and the desorption time. Mushrooms are an excellent natural remedial material, but BPA is extracted into artificial digestive juices; therefore, consuming mushrooms from industrialized areas may have health consequences for our bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our study, the protective role of synthetic aromatase inhibitors anastrozole (ANS), letrozole (LTZ) and exemestane (EXM) and natural aromatase inhibitors resveratrol (RSV) and apigenin (APG) against testicular failure caused by exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) was investigated. The epididymal sperm concentration, sperm motility and sperm morphology were determined. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response parameters were examined and histological examinations were performed in testicular tissues. Our results revealed that BPA exposure decreased serum testosterone and estrogen levels, increased FSH and LH levels (p < 0.05). BPA has been found to increase oxidative stress and inflammatory response and disrupt the histological structure. Also, BPA exposure decreased testicular weight, epididymal sperm concentration and motility, and increased abnormal sperm rate (p < 0.05). These results show that ANS, LTZ and RSV treatments reduce the BPA-induced testicular damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine pollution by various debris is rising in the context of increasing urbanization, industrialization and worldwide trade. Here, we review marine macro-litter with focus on sources, abundance, distribution, and impact on aquatic wildlife, human health, and the economy. We observe that about 75–80% of marine litter originates from land-based sources, including poorly managed landfills and improper disposal. Macro-litter ingestion by marine life is of growing concern, in particular concerning the presence of plastics and associated pollutants, e.g., bisphenol A and phthalates, in fishes. These pollutants are accumulated and transferred to human via seafood. Marine plastic pollution induces a substantial rise of economic costs due to the decline of ecosystem services. Mitigation of marine plastic pollution should be done by following the ten Rs principles of refuse, rethink, reduce, re-use, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose, recycle, and recover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol-A (BPA), a synthetic compound ubiquitously present in the environment, can act as an endocrine disruptor by binding to both canonical and non-canonical estrogen receptors (ERs). Exposure to BPA has been linked to various cancers, in particular, those arising in hormone-targeted tissues such as the breast. In this study, we evaluated the effect of BPA intake through drinking water on ErbB2/neu-driven cancerogenesis in BALB–neuT mice, transgenic for a mutated ErbB2/neu receptor gene, which reproducibly develop carcinomas in all mammary glands. In this model, BPA accelerated mammary cancerogenesis with an increase in the number of tumors per mouse and a concurrent decrease in tumor-free and overall survival. As assessed by immunohistochemistry, BALB–neuT tumors were ER-negative but expressed high levels of the alternative estrogen receptor GPR30, regardless of BPA exposure. On the other hand, BPA exposure resulted in a marked upregulation of progesterone receptors in preinvasive tumors and of Ki67, CD31, and phosphorylated Akt in invasive tumors. Moreover, based on several infiltration markers of immune cells, BPA favored an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Finally, in vitro cell survival studies performed on a cell line established from a BALB–neuT breast carcinoma confirmed that BPA's impact on cancer progression can be particularly relevant after chronic, low-dose exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BPA has demonstrated enormous multisystem and multi-organ toxicity shown mainly in animal models. Meanwhile, the effects of its exposure in humans still require years of observation, research, and answers to many questions. Even minimal and short-term exposure contributes to disorders or various types of dysfunction. It is released directly or indirectly into the environment at every stage of the product life cycle, demonstrating its ease of penetration into the body. The ubiquity and general prevalence of BPA influenced the main objective of the study, which was to assess the toxicity and health effects of BPA and its derivatives based on the available literature. In addition, the guidelines of various international institutions or regions of the world in terms of its reduction in individual products were checked. Bisphenol A is the most widely known chemical and perhaps even the most studied by virtually all international or national organizations, but nonetheless, it is still controversial. In general, the level of BPA biomonitoring is still too high and poses a potential threat to public health. It is beginning to be widely argued that future toxicity studies should focus on molecular biology and the assessment of human exposure to BPA, as well as its substitutes. The effects of its exposure still require years of observation, extensive research, and answers to many questions. It is necessary to continue to deepen the knowledge and interest of many organizations, companies, and consumers around the world in order to make rational purchases as well as future choices, not only consumer ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection and quantitation of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment and food products has been a subject of considerable interest. BPA, a diphenylmethane derivative is a well-known industrial raw material with wide range of applications. It is a well-known endocrine disruptor and acts as an estrogen mimic. BPA is an environmental health concern and its accumulation in hydro-geological cycles is a matter of serious ecological peril. This review basically assesses various chemically modified electrodes composed of diverse components that have been employed to recognize BPA in different matrices. Electrochemical sensors prepared using graphene materials in combination with metals and polymers for selective detection of BPA have been discussed extensively. The emphasis is on detection of BPA in various samples encountered in routine use such as plastic bottles, receipts, baby feed bottles, milk samples, mineralized water, tissue paper, DVDs, and others. Although research in this field is in the exploratory stage, deeper insights into fundamental studies of sensing systems, fast analysis of real samples and validation of sensors are some of the factors that need major impetus. It is expected that chemically modified electrode-based sensing systems will soon take over as a viable option for monitoring diverse pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor with reproductive toxicity. Further, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) plays an important role in male reproduction by binding vitamin D receptor (VDR) and mediating the pleiotropic biological actions that include spermatogenesis. However, whether VD3/VDR regulates the effect of BPA on Leydig cells (LCs) injury remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effects of VD on BPA‐induced cytotoxicity in mouse LCs. Hereby, LCs treated with BPA, VD3, or both were subjected to the assays of cell apoptosis, proliferation, autophagy, and levels of target proteins. This study unveiled that cell viability was dose‐dependently reduced after exposure to BPA. BPA treatment significantly inhibited LC proliferation, induced apoptosis, and also downregulated VDR expression. By jointly analyzing transcriptome data and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) data, autophagy signaling pathways related to testicular development and male reproduction were screened out. Therefore, the autophagy phenomenon of cells was further detected. The results showed that BPA treatment could activate cell autophagy, Vdr−/− inhibits cell autophagy, and active VD3 does not have a significant effect on the autophagy of normal LCs. After VD3 and BPA were used in combination, the autophagy of cells was further enhanced, and VD3 could alleviate BPA‐induced damage of LCs. In conclusion, this study found that supplementing VD3 could eliminate the inhibition of BPA on VDR expression, further enhance LCs autophagy effect, and alleviate the inhibition of LCs proliferation and induction of apoptosis by BPA, playing a protective role in cells. The research results will provide valuable strategies to alleviate BPA‐induced reproductive toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Obesity is a worldwide public health problem. Experimental animal and in vitro studies suggest that the exposure to BPA and phthalates are associated to a higher risk of obesity. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine urinary excretion of bisphenol A and phthalates in obese and normal weight children. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 122 children. Sixty-six obese children, 36 girls (mean age 8.41 ± 1.27 years), and 30 boys (mean age 8.51 ± 1.33 years) and 56 normal weight children, 27 girls (mean age 7.64 ± 1.49 years), and 29 boys (mean age 7.77 ± 1.56 years) were studied. Urinary BPA and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites (MEHP, MEHHP, and MEOHP) were measured, respectively, by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Individual determinants of exposure were evaluated through "ad hoc" questionnaires. Results: BPA and DEHP metabolites were detectable in obese and normal weight children. Obese girls showed significantly higher BPA concentrations in comparison with normal weight girls (means 10.77, 95% CI = 7.02–16.53 vs. 5.50, 95% CI = 3.93–7.71 μg/g creatinine, respectively, p < 0.02). The first step of DEHP metabolic rate was significantly higher in obese girls compared with controls (p < 0.05). DEHP metabolites correlated significantly with leptin concentrations in obese girls (p < 0.03). A higher risk of obesity was found in children with BPA levels above the median values with the habit to eat food packaged (OR = 11.09, 95% CI = 1.28–95.78). Conclusions: These findings show that a higher exposure to BPA is associated with the risk of obesity in girls. Further studies are needed to unveil the cause-effect relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupter affecting glucose homeostasis. Objectives This study aimed to investigate BPA's relationship with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in Dakahlia Governorate's children, in Egypt. Subjects, materials and methods The study had two parts: clinical and experimental. Clinical Study was conducted on 200 children, equally divided into control and T1DM groups. They underwent: demographic data, height, weight, body mass index, glycosylated HbA1C, random blood glucose, and urinary BPA measurements. Experimental Study was conducted on 60 adult albino rats. Rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: control group: received 0.5 mL of pure olive oil, group 1: received 20 mg/kg/day BPA, and group 2: received 100 mg/kg/day BPA orally for 6 weeks. Fasting and two hours postprandial glucose levels were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Histopathological examination and imaging study of the pancreas were done. Results In clinical study: HbA1C and random blood glucose levels in diabetic children showed a significant increase compared to control. Children in control group showed controlled HbA1C, while the T1DM group showed 86% with poor diabetic control. There was a significant increase in BPA level in the T1DM group compared to the control. Rats that received BPA showed a marked increase in fasting and two hours postprandial glucose levels, histopathological changes in the pancreas with more changes determined in the high dose group, and a significant decrease in the islets of Langerhans diameters with group 2 more affected. Conclusion So, BPA exposure could be considered a risk factor for T1DM in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventionally bisphenol A epichlorohydrin (BPA-EC) is used as epoxy resin and cycloaliphatic amine is used as a curing agent for industrial corrosion mitigation. However, due to their noticeable toxicity, alternative curing agents and decreasing the conventional compounds in the coating is a demanding task. Aminopropyltriethoxysilane can be an alternative curing agent and lignin can partially replace BPA-EC , as the preliminary adhesion study of the developed coating suggested. However, other characteristics of the coating need to be examined to evaluate the coating holistically. Hydrophobicity is such a characteristic, which plays a leading role in enhancing the anti-corrosivity of the coating, especially for coating, implemented on submerged metallic bodies. The current study attempted to find the justification of BPA-EC in terms of hydrophobicity. The response surface methodology has been followed using the Box–Behnken design model to investigate the respective and cumulative effect of each element. Initially, the model has a P value of 0.0198, with some of the terms not significant. Thus, a modified model has been introduced keeping only the terms, close to the significant p-value of 0.05. Finally, a P-value of 0.0001 has been achieved. Experimental verification of the response values exhibited an average error of 9.84%. The result showed a non-linear association between the respective constituents. Statistics showed that BPA-EC positively impacts hydrophobicity. Thus, to maintain the hydrophobicity rather than 100% replacement by lignin, a minimum level of bisphenol epichlorohydrin is obligatory; ensuring the legitimacy of the constituents in the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely utilized chemical found in numerous everyday products, including plastic containers, food packaging, and thermal paper. Research has linked BPA exposure to a range of health concerns, encompassing developmental and reproductive issues, cancer, and obesity. Given India's status as one of the world's largest producers and consumers of plastic goods, understanding the potential risks associated with BPA exposure and its health impacts on the Indian population is of paramount importance. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of BPA sources, environmental levels, migration, and health impacts in India in comparison to other countries. By examining data from various nations, we aim to discern overarching trends and patterns in BPA exposure and its associated health effects. This analysis serves as a foundation for the development of policies and regulations designed to safeguard public health. While the Indian government has taken some regulatory steps, such as banning the production, import, and sale of BPA-containing polycarbonate baby bottles, there is a notable absence of specific regulations or bans on BPA in other food-contact materials (FCMs). Studies conducted in India have detected BPA in various food items, underscoring the potential risk of BPA exposure through food consumption. This emphasizes the urgent need for effective monitoring and control of BPA migration in FCMs within India. In conclusion, this comparative review underscores the imperative for ongoing research and rigorous monitoring of BPA exposure and its health impacts in India, as well as in other nations. Safeguarding the health of the general public necessitates a comprehensive understanding of BPA's prevalence, sources, and consequences. By implementing and refining regulations, such as extending bans on BPA in additional FCMs, policymakers can work towards mitigating the risks associated with BPA exposure and ensuring the safety of populations worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the migration of Bisphenol A (BPA) from plastic packaging to Moroccan extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a key Mediterranean diet component. Assessing the impact of plastic containers on olive oil quality and safety, the research investigates the influence of olive oil acidity on BPA release using an HPLC-UV method. Despite BPA's known environmental and health risks, detectable levels persist in human samples, emphasizing the need for strict control. Examining 30 olive oil samples from the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region stored in plastic bottles, the study revealed BPA levels above the daily intake limits set by EFSA in its latest version (0.2 ng/kg body weight per day), reaching (0.238 ppm) in polycarbonate (PC) bottles and (0.144 ppm) in polyethylene (PE) bottles. It advocates for controlled packaging and highlights the delicate balance between convenience and consumer well-being. The findings call for informed choices in production and storage practices, urging increased scrutiny of food packaging for enhanced public health and regulatory measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been a controversial topic. Objective: To evaluate the connection between BPA exposure and ADHD. We search Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline databases until August 2022. The meta-analysis was performed by using the software Stata 12.0 to calculate the combined effect value Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). A total of 8 studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 5,710 children. Using the random effect model, it was found that compared with the lowest level of BPA exposure, the OR (95%CI) value of urine BPA exposure and ADHD in the highest level of BPA exposure was 1.76 (1.13–2.74). Based on the current meta-analysis results, BPA exposure may be a significant contributing factor to the development of ADHD in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA), a typical endocrine disruptor, is known to have various adverse effects on the male reproductive system. However, the toxic effects and mechanisms of low-dose BPA have not yet been fully explored. In this study, male Kunming mice were orally administered low-dose BPA (0.03, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg/d) for ten consecutive weeks. Pathological sections of testicular tissue showed no significant morphological differences after BPA exposure. An analysis of the functional parameters of sperm revealed that exposure to low-dose BPA significantly decreased sperm motility, chemotaxis, and the acrosome reaction. An in vitro BPA exposure model combined with an omics data analysis showed that the olfactory receptor-related pathway was significantly enriched after BPA treatment. Subsequent experiments verified the reduced mRNA level of a novel olfactory receptor gene, Olfr25, in vivo and in vitro exposure models. Meanwhile, exposure to low-dose BPA reduced the intracellular calcium ion concentration and the mRNA levels of pore-forming subunits of the CatSper channel in sperm. Importantly, the knockdown of Olfr25 inhibited calcium ion levels and CatSper subunit expression in GC-2 cells. Olfr25 overexpression attenuated the BPA-induced downregulation of CatSper subunit expression in GC-2 cells. These findings indicate that Olfr25 might participate in low-dose BPA-induced sperm dysfunction by affecting the CatSper-Ca2+ signaling pathway. This study reveals a new mechanism underlying the effects of low-dose BPA on sperm function and provides a reference for assessing the safety of low-dose BPA exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling facilities are well-known bisphenol chemical (BP) sources. In this study, non-targeted screening combined with targeted analysis of BPs in surface soil from e-waste dismantling facilities and their surroundings revealed their presence, distribution, and exposure risk. A total of 14 BPs were identified including bisphenol A (BPA) and its novel structural analogs and halogenated BPs. The total concentrations of BPs ranged from 963 to 47,160 ng/g (median: 6970 ng/g) in e-waste soil, higher than those measured in surface soil from surrounding areas, i.e., 10–7750 ng/g (median 197 ng/g). BPA, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and bisphenol F (BPF) were the dominant ones from the two areas. Concentrations of TBBPA and its debromination product from the surrounding area significantly decreased with increasing distances from the e-waste dismantling facilities. Estimation of daily intake via oral ingestion of soil suggests that current contamination scenarios are unlikely to pose health risks for e-waste dismantling workers and adults and toddlers living in the surrounding areas, with their intakes generally well below the tolerable daily intakes proposed for several BPs. However, the BPA intakes of workers exceeded the more strict tolerable daily intake for BPA established recently, which merits continuous environmental surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an anthropogenic chemical compound utilized to manufacture a wide range of consumer products, such as polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), food packages, and thermal papers. Because of its extensive worldwide use, BPA is pervasive in the environment, negatively affecting aquatic life. Therefore, we studied the occurrence, persistence, and ecological risk of BPA in surface water receiving raw leachate from a municipal solid waste (MSW) open dump in Kerawalapitiya, Sri Lanka. Our findings corroborate that the BPA average concentrations in the canal network were 0.4–42.6 µg/L during the wet season and 0.2–4.9 µg/L during the dry season. The levels of BPA at 11 locations (out of 16) during both seasons differed significantly from the upstream sample, where there was no impact from the dump site (p < 0.05), indicating the ubiquitous occurrence and persistence of BPA in the canal network. BPA levels in the waterbodies are greater in the wet period than in the dry period because of the continuous ingress of run‐off‐driven leachate to the canal network. Our study infers that pH and salinity correlate positively with BPA, while temperature, DO, and TSS are negatively correlated with BPA. BPA levels in five locations during the wet season and one during the dry season surpassed the tolerable level of BPA stipulated by the Canadian Federal Environmental Quality Guidelines to safeguard aquatic life, which is 3.5 µg/L. The findings of the acute ecological risk assessment articulate that during the wet season, Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and orange chromide (Etroplus maculatus) constitute a high acute risk, while they pose a medium acute risk during the dry season. Our study suggests that the relevant authorities must prevent the ingress of runoff rich with BPA onto the canal network to protect aquatic life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, wastewater treatment plants and collection systems from Nagpur, Central India were studied for frequently occurring endocrine disrupting chemicals. All the EDCs, such as bisphenol A, butylparaben, and diethyl phthalate were present in all the collected samples with a detection frequency of 100%. Laboratory analysis revealed high bisphenol A, butylparaben, and diethyl phthalate levels, with mean concentrations of 79.10, 4.12, and 2.25 μg/L, respectively, in influent samples and 33.20, 1.62, and 0.77 μg/L, respectively, in the effluent wastewater. The distribution of the emergent pollutants among the sampling locations was found to be consistent with the physicochemical characteristics of wastewater, according to the component analysis, and the sites with the highest levels of contamination were also identified. Finally, an ecological risk assessment was carried out for aquatic biota in terms of risk quotients. The risk quotients for the target chemicals in effluent wastewater suggested a minimal impact, except for the target insect Chrironomus riparius, which had a risk quotient value of 33.20 for bisphenol A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgae are good tools for toxicity indicators in aquatic habitats. The present study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity of bisphenol A at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 75, 100) mg/l and the oxidative response induced by this exposure using the cyanobacterium Gloeocapsopsis crepidinum. The results showed a decrease in the algal biomass rate with increasing concentrations of bisphenol A, while the Half inhibition concentration (IC50) of BPA was 2.68 mg/l. The chlorophyll-a and carotenoids recorded highest value in the control group, which were 0.96 and 0.56 µg/ml, while the concentrations of these pigments decreased with increasing concentrations of BPA, their lowest value being recorded at (0.54 and 0.35) µg/ml at a concentration of 100 mg/l. The results showed that Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes recorded a higher value of (0.34 and 4.66) U/g at 100 mg/l BPA, while the lowest values of these enzymes recorded 0.10 and 3.7 U/g in the control group respectively. While the Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme recorded a high value of 22.22 U/g at 1 mg/l BPA and decreased with a lower value of 19.46 U/g at 100 mg/l. In addition, Glutathione (GST) showed lower values of 5.413 µmole/g in the control group and increased at higher values at a concentration of 100 mg/l which reached to 18.68 µmole/g. Nevertheless, the indication of cell damage such as Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) recorded lowest values of 0.13 and 14.153 µmole/g in the control group, while higher values recorded with increasing concentrations of BPA were recorded at 3.487 and 74.4 µmole/g at 100mg/l BPA, respectively. All treatments were statistically analyzed with p ≤ 0.05 as significant differences were found between all treatments. This study concluded that cyanobacteria G. crepidinum have the ability to resist the toxic effects of bisphenol A by increasing antioxidant production in their bodies, so they can be considered biological tools to eliminate toxic compounds in aquatic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]