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Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas is the property of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mexico is the top producer of silver and is on the eighth place from producing gold in the world. For instance, the hydrometallurgical extraction process produces wastewater (mining tailing) characterized by being composed with varying concentrations of cyanide and heavy metals. The purpose of this research was to study the biodegradation of cyanide contained in mining tailings by means of a bacterial consortium isolated from a tailings dam. For this purpose, three types of Eckendfelder reactors were used, one with suspended biomass (BS) and two moving bed biofilter reactors, one with biomass immobilized on Kaldnes (BK) supports, and the other on polyurethane cubes (BCP). Three experimental stages were worked; in each of them, the concentrations of total cyanide were varied. In the first one, it was 26 ± 2 mg·L−1; in the second one 40 ± 4 mg·L−1; and the third one 55 ± 4 mg·L−1. During the whole operation, the pH and temperature were maintained at 9.5 units and 25 °C. After 141 days of operation, biodegradation of the total cyanide contained in the mining tailings was 69% (17 mg·L−1) in the BS reactor, while in the BK reactor, it was 93% (3.9 mg·L−1) and in the BCP reactor 95% (2.5 mg·L−1). The predominant families in each of the reactors, as well as their respective relative abundances, were for the BS and for the BK of Cyclobacteriaceae (20.65% and 24.64%) and Rhizobiaceae (18.48% and 14.01%) and Halomonadaceae (46.97%) and Hyphomonadaceae (24.94%) in the BCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study concentrates information from the publications that have described the occurrence of bacterial diseases and the isolation and identification of bacteria from Mexican fish. The research consisted of the systematic search of scientific papers in Pubmed, Scopus and other search engines using the key words: diseases, bacteria, fish, Mexico- in English and Spanish, without date restrictions; information from official institutions was also included. The analysis shows records of isolation and identification of several bacterial genera obtained from both clinically diseased and subclinical fish, with high frequency of opportunistic bacteria and that in the last decade the occurrence of septicemic diseases caused by emerging bacteria has been confirmed. In freshwater environment Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Yersinia spp., Weissella ceti and Lactococcus garviae have caused septicemic disease in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), while Francisella orientalis, Streptococcus iniae and Mycobacterium spp. have affected tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). In the saline environment, Nocardia seriolae is reported as a cause of systemic disease in red croaker (Sciaenops ocellatus). It should be noted that, despite having this information, diseases that affect or have affected fish in the country are not officially reported. To promote the development of fish farming, it is necessary to know and report its health status, in this way risks and opportunities can be identified, and control actions established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las patologías causadas por grupos microbianos generan riesgos en la salud de perros y gatos domésticos, lo que tiene un potencial zoonótico y produce afecciones en seres humanos. De acuerdo con lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue establecer los principales microorganismos causantes de patologías clínicas en perros y gatos domésticos mediante la revisión de historias clínicas en una clínica veterinaria de Valledupar, Colombia. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con historias clínicas de perros y gatos ingresados durante 2017 y 2018 a la clínica veterinaria "Mis mejores amigos", ubicada en la ciudad de Valledupar, Colombia. Con base en la información se aplicó un análisis descriptivo, explicativo y estadístico, este último mediante una correlación de Sperman para evaluar relación entre raza, sexo, edad, grupo microbiano y patología-patógeno. De un total 462 reportes de caninos y felinos ingresados a la clínica, se obtuvieron 273 diagnósticos. El 4% de los felinos y el 24 % de los caninos presentaban afecciones por algún grupo microbiano. Los microorganismos más prevalentes en caninos fueron Ancylostoma spp. (9%) Entamoeba histolytica (5%) Ehrlichia spp. (5%) e Isospora sp. (5%), mientras que en felinos fueron Haemobartonella felis (20%) y Haemobartonella spp. (17%). Se determinó que solo existe correlación entre la edad de felinos y el grupo microbiano que los afecta, además de la patología presentada con el patógeno. Se observó un alto porcentaje de Ancylostoma sp. (9%) en caninos de las razas mestiza y French Poodle, y, por otro lado, en felinos se identificó la bacteria Haemobartonella felis en 20% de los sujetos de raza mestiza.

Dentro de los agentes patógenos en los procesos otíticos bacterianos, se destacan microorganismos como Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomona auriginosa, Proteus mirabi-lis, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp., Enterococcus spp. y Streptococcus spp., para los cuales se ha descrito resistencia frente a los antibióticos empleados para combatirlos. En Colombia son pocos los reportes acerca de la resistencia antibiótica de microorganismos causantes de otitis. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los agentes bacterianos más frecuentemente aislados en infecciones otíticas de caninos remitidas a un laboratorio veterinario de Medellín durante el 2019 y su resistencia a antibióticos. Para llevarlo a cabo, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo. Se analizaron los resultados de los antibiogramas realizados a partir de cultivos bacterianos en muestras óticas remitidas a un laboratorio de referencia de la ciudad de Medellín. Además, se efectuó un análisis de frecuencias para la muestra total. Se encontró que los principales microorganismos bacterianos aislados fueron Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomona auriginosa, Proteus mirabili y Staphylococcus aureus. La gentamicina fue el medicamento que mayor porcentaje de resistencia presentó y la cefalexina el que menos resistencia presentó. Se pudo concluir que el Staphylococcus pseudintermedius está presente en más del 60% de los casos de otitis bacteriana. Adicionalmente, se observó una variación de la resistencia presentada por los microorganismos en el tiempo. Estos presentaron mayor resistencia ante los antibióticos aminoglucósidos.

Este trabajo concentra la información bibliográfica existente acerca de las bacterias aisladas y/o identificadas a partir de peces de México. El análisis muestra que el estudio de la sanidad de peces del país es relativamente reciente, y describe el aislamiento de varios géneros bacterianos obtenidos tanto de peces clínicamente enfermos como subclínicos, con alta frecuencia de bacterias oportunistas; asimismo se muestra que en la última década se ha confirmado la presencia de bacterias emergentes causando enfermedad septicémica en peces cultivados. En ambiente de agua dulce Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Yersinia spp., Weissella ceti y Lactococcus garviae han causado enfermedad septicémica en trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss), mientras que Francisella orientalis, Streptococcus iniae y Mycobacterium spp. han afectado a tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). En ambiente salino únicamente Nocardia seriolae se reporta como causa de enfermedad sistémica en corvina roja (Sciaenops ocellatus). Pese a la disponibilidad de esta información, la situación sanitaria de la piscicultura del país no es reconocida; sin embargo, la ocurrencia de las enfermedades bacterianas emergentes aquí reportadas, muestran la necesidad de conocer su distribución en el país.

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a disease that occurs frequently and is considered a very serious infection in childhood, the objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological behavior of CAP in younger children. 3 years in the Pediatrics Area of the Hospital Ambato IESS. Methodology: A retrospective and descriptive study was carried out in 113 children identified with CAP who attended the aforementioned hospital, in the period from August 2019 to March 2020. The selection of the sample was carried out through a consecutive purposive sampling. For the evaluation of the cases, the clinical data of the records records department of the health center were used. Results: According to the results obtained, it was evidenced that 54% corresponded to the female gender, 64% were between 2 and 3 years of age, 26% (n=29) of the CAPs had a bacterial origin, 25% (n=28) had a viral origin, the rest were not specified. In addition, 26% (n=29) had a common cold. 53% (n=60) had rural origin. The basic or primary educational level was the most common among parents (49%; n=55). Conclusions: the results show that CAP has a higher incidence in rural areas, with parents with a basic educational level and the bacterial etiology was slightly higher than the viral one, commonly associated with a common cold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In microbiology laboratories, the identification and counting of microorganisms is a common procedure; and although there is a variety of equipment on the market that possibility to carry out these processes automatically or semi-automatically, it is usually expensive to many laboratories. These are some of the reasons why this arduous and difficult task is still performed in many laboratories by experts in the traditional way, through the observation of samples in microscope, consuming a great time and having variations in the results between experts. Objective: The present work aims to propose a new method for counting bacteria and yeasts in digital images, taken under different magnifications, of microbial bioproducts obtained by fermentation. Methods: The sensor used to take images of the samples was a digital camera model HDCE-X, with a ½" CMOS sensor, with a resolution of 2592 pixels by 1944 pixels (5 Mp). Two types of magnifications were used: 40x magnification (PL40, 0.65 numerical aperture and 0.17 working distance) and 100x magnification (HI plan 100/1.25 with oil immersion). The proposed method is based on digital image processing technics, using tools as contour detection, morphological operations and statistical analysis, and was developed in Python language using the OpenCV library. The work also presents a comparison with the results obtained using ImageJ software for the same purpose. Results: the detection and count of bacteria was achieved with an acceptable accuracy and precision, in both cases above 0.95; not in the case of yeasts whose accuracy and precision was lower, around 0.78 for accuracy and 0.86 for precision. Workflows based on digital image processing techniques are proposed, using tools as contour detection, morphological operations and statistical analysis. Conclusions: the method has an acceptable effectiveness for the context and depends on the characteristics presented by the images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Every day, we are surrounded by microorganisms, and several situations favor this approximation. In this context, money bills are a possible source for pathogens transmission, such as enteroparasites and bacteria, as they are handled by countless people. Objective and Method: Thus, we carried out a survey study considering the last 20 years of research related to money bills contamination by enteroparasites and pathogenic bacteria. Results: The results showed that the most frequently identified entheroparasites in the studies were Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba coli (not pathogen), and hookworms. Regarding the bacteria research, the most frequently detected were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter sp. Conclusion: Data shows that money bills contamination by bacteria and enteroparasites exists, confirming its role as a contamination source. Thereby, the importance of better basic hygiene habits as a strategy to limit the pathogen's cycle is reinforced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of two microbial inoculants as fermentation activators in silages of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray. Materials and Methods: T. diversifolia forage, with 90 days of regrowth, was obtained from a plot fertilized with 20 t of organic matter/ha. Collection was manual and the plants were processed in a stationary chopper (1-2 cm). They were subject to pre-drying, under roof, for 24 hours. The treatments were: a) T. diversifolia without inoculant, b) T. diversifolia with whey and c) T. diversifolia with PROBIOLACTIL®. The evaluations were carried out after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of storage. The inoculants had a concentration of lactic bacteria, CFU mL-1, of 106 for the whey and 109 for PROBIOLACTIL®. The indicators dry matter, pH, soluble protein, lactic acid bacteria count and organoleptic indicators (smell, color, texture and moisture) were evaluated. The data were processed using a simple variance analysis and the difference among means according to Duncan, with the program Statgraphic Plus, version 5.0. Results: The average dry matter percentage was adequate for conservation (35,2 %) and showed a trend to increase, as the sampling time elapsed, just like soluble protein (0,77 mg mL-1) on average. The counts of viable microorganisms showed that the inclusion of biological additives facilitated the predominance of lactic acid bacteria. During storage, pH values tended to decrease among treatments, although without responses. Conclusions: The results of pH, dry matter, protein, lactic acid bacteria count and organoleptic characteristics proved that microbial inoculants activate the fermentation process in T. diversifolia silages. PROBIOLACTIL® was better than whey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacterial flora developed in surgical-type disposable facial masks was qualitatively evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which were used by healthy subjects in time periods of 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The study showed that as the time periods of use of the masks increased, increases were observed in the bacterial flora developed on the mesh in contact with the face and mouth of the volunteers, with a predominance of structures compatible with bacteria, especially of coccoid shapes. It is presumed that the different morphotypes observed in the internal part of the mask belong to the oropharyngealmicrobiota of the individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antioxidants are natural or synthetic compounds capable of preventing or delaying oxidative damage, by counteracting free radicals in biomolecules exposed to this type of stress. The food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry has replaced chemical ingredients with natural compounds, using substances obtained from plants. However, the greatest source of natural resources is in microorganisms, due to their great diversity and the metabolic mechanisms they have developed to adapt to areas with unfavorable environments. The microorganisms that produce compounds useful for humans that are included in the review are: fungi, bacteria, and microalgae. The most explored microorganisms are those that inhabit terrestrial environments due to their accessibility, however the extensive marine environment also harbors a great diversity of organisms from which several compounds such as carotenoids, flavonoids, phenols or exapolysaccharides to applied in cosmetic industry. This article presents a review of 90 articles published between 2015 and 2020 with relevant information about antioxidants produced by aquatic and terrestrial microorganisms with potential use in cosmetics, to provide relevant information about alternatives to artificially or plants synthetized antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some microbial cultures, mainly the use of probiotics, have been used in ruminant nutrition, generating a positive effect by solving imbalances due to dietary changes in the rumen. The objective was to identify and evaluate bacteria and ruminal protozoa present in sheep supplemented with biopreparation of microorganisms (PNC) vs commercial probiotic REVET® (PCRE) at different concentrations by Neubauer chamber count and PCR endpoint. Twenty-one Katahdin and Dorper cross sheep of 3 months of 18-25 kg were used, they were supplemented with PNC and PCRE, at different concentrations: PNC 100%, 66%, 33%, control, PCRE 100%, 66%, 33%. The ruminal liquid was obtained through a probe, the ruminal microorganisms were counted in a Neubauer chamber every six hours. Genomic DNA extraction using the Ultra Clean Microbial DNA kit, DNA quantification was performed in a spectrophotometer, and PCR reactions were performed with oligonucleotides synthesized by Invitrogen®. Statistical analysis was through the GENMODE procedure for counting bacteria and protozoa. The highest amount of protozoa was at 24 hours in PNC at 100%, followed by PNC 33% at 18 hours, for commercial probiotic PCRE at 66% at 12 hours. Regarding bacteria, they showed statistically equal values. Genomic DNA quantification was greater than 25 ng/µL. The inhibitory effect of the probiotic on Fibrobacter succinogenes at a concentration of 100% was demonstrated. Total bacteria were not affected by probiotic supplementation. Therefore, it is concluded that the non-commercial probiotic can be an alternative to supplement the diet of growing sheep, observing an increase in bacteria and protozoa. Likewise, probiotics are an additive that can be used successfully since they did not modify the population of total bacteria in the rumen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial respiratory problems cause economic losses due to production decreases and the increasing cost of antibiotic treatment. In poultry production, they are the leading cause of death in laying hens. The presence of pathogens implies a distribution in the production units, and their identification by biochemical tests allows the characterization at the species level and its adequate treatment. The present study aimed to identify the bacteria isolated from the trachea of laying hens and determine their antibiotic resistance profile. In an intensive production farm, trachea samples were taken from hens; the bacterial detection was carried out with isolation, colonial and microscopic identification, and biochemical tests; the antimicrobial susceptibility test was also determined. Thirty-two isolates corresponding to five types of bacterial colonies with the morphology of cocci and Gram-positive bacilli (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium spp) and Gram-negative coccobacilli (Pasteurella multocida and Gallibacterium anatis) were obtained. S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Corynebacterium spp showed resistance to glycopeptides (100%), in addition to P. multocida and G. anatis, to ampicillin (beta-lactams) and quinolones (100%). The isolated bacteria showed antibiotic resistance and multi-resistance, with implications for poultry farming and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. is the property of Knowledge E DMCC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Compendium of Veterinary Sciences / Compendio de Ciencias Veterinarias is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asuncion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este estudio se basó en un enfoque mixto, se evaluaron la incidencia de bacterias patógenas en el camarón que se extrae de la Laguna de Bluefields y que se consume por la población, lo cual evidencia los posibles riesgos para su salud. Se realizaron capturas directas de camarones en tres puntos de muestreos (Half Way Cay, Banco Rojo y Santa María). Posteriormente se analizaron en el centro de investigaciones acuática de BICU, las bacterias fueron aisladas y purificadas en agar específicos para las bacterias Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Clostridium perfringens y Enterococcus faecalis. De las muestras obtenidas la que presentó mayor contaminación fue la de santa María, con presencia de Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens y Enterococcus faecalis, en Half Way Cay se presentó E.coli, pero estaba dentro de los valores aceptable de alimento que, no causa ningún riesgo para los consumidores, ya que presentaba 49 UFC/g. La muestra de Banco Rojo, presentó E.coli en valores aceptables, pero tenía la presencia de Salmonella sp, lo que indica que es un riesgo para los consumidores. Se puede decir que los camarones presentaron diferentes niveles de contaminación por lo cual se recomienda refrigerar el producto a temperaturas de -4ºc y prepararlos de manera que queden bien cocinados, evitar que niños y personas adultos mayores consuman el camarón pre-cocido o crudo, ya que son las personas más vulnerables a las toxinas de estas bacterias. Toda esta información debe ser pasada a decisores comunales y regionales para una intervención oportuna

A systematic literature review is presented to clarify differences between the group of microbiologic characteristics of periimplantitis and periodontitis. According to the PRISMA declaration, searches in databases were carried out (PubMed, EBSCOhost, LILACS, Web Of Science and Clinical Key) and original works and systematic reviews were selected where comparing or analyzing microbiologic data obtained from samples of subgingival biofilms of patients with periodontitis and periimplantitis. The weight of evidence was evaluated by means of the Newcastle-Ottawa and PRISMA scales. Of the 335 identified works, 12 were included, of which 9 were observational studies and 3 systematic reviews. It was obtained that the microbiologic characteristics associated with periimplantitis are similar to those of periodontitis because they share a percentage of their microbiota, as the case of the periodontopathogen agents; however, bacterias only related to the periimplantar line were found. Finally, it is remarkable that in periimplantitis are bacterias that are mostly gramnegative anaerobias, periodontopathogens, opportunists and noncultivable; that is to say that their microbiologic characteristics are complex and differ from the specific characteristics of periodontitis.

Se estudian dos observaciones de gangrena gaseosa hepática postoperatoria. Se analizan las ,características que interesan a la mejor interpretación de los hechos patológicos: flora bacteriana del hígado normal; fuentes, vías de migración de gérmenes anaerobios; condiciones favorables a la infección dependientes de la acción quirúrgica. En el aspecto diagnóstico se observa la necesidad de conocer esta afección como causa posible de shock séptico en el postoperatorio inmediato de la cirugía hepática o hepatobiliar. Se enumeran las medidas terapéuticas primordiales para salvaguardar la vida de estos pacientes.

Objectives: To determine the microbiological quality of samples from processed natural products used for medicinal purposes and marketed in Quito, Ecuador. Materials and methods: Aerobic microorganisms, molds and yeasts were counted by conventional standardized techniques, according to the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), in samples from 83 products. The microorganisms found were identified and their antimicrobial sensitivity was determined using the agar diffusion method. Results: The total aerobic microorganism count exceeded the specified limits in 17.0% of syrups, 27.0% of topical products and 43.0% of oral solids; the molds and yeasts count exceeded the limit in 33.0% of syrups, 7.0% of topical products and 36.0% of oral solids. Products for eye use did not pass the sterility test. The most frequently isolated bacterial genus was Bacillus, followed by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were not found in any product, but potentially pathogenic microorganisms such as Pseudomonas were isolated in 40.0% of the eye drops. Enterobacter and Escherichia coli showed resistance to multiple compounds and Pseudomonas was not resistant to any antibiotic. Conclusions: The microbiological quality of the products examined was not adequate. Potentially pathogenic and antibiotic resistant microorganisms were isolated from the samples. These products may not be suitable for distribution and consumption, even though many of them have sanitary registration. Control and regulation by the corresponding authorities is essential.

La introducción de cualquier compuesto químico o el cambio de condiciones ambientales impacta en la comunidad bacteriana presente en un suelo. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo observar los cambios en la comunidad bacteriana de un suelo al que se contaminó con hidrocarburos (gasoil, aceite y mezclas 1:1 gasoil-aceite y 1:1:1 nafta-gasoil-aceite). Se realizaron microcosmos cuya evolución fue estudiada por mineralización, recuento bacteriano, determinación de hidrocarburos totales del petróleo (TPH) y análisis de los principales componentes de la extracción de ácidos de las membranas bacterianas. Se presentaron disturbios en la composición de ácidos grasos de la comunidad bacteriana en todos los tratamientos. El agregado de nutrientes en el sistema de control produce un aumento del recuento bacteriano y el sistema que produjo mejor degradación fue el contenía solo gasoil, la presencia de los hidrocarburos produjo, en el diagrama de PCA, un agrupamiento de las muestras con aceite y de las mezclas.

RESUMEN Introducción: El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar los costos financieros de la terapia con antibióticos contra la resistencia bacteriana en un hospital público de alta complejidad en Agreste Pernambucano. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal a partir de los datos recopilados de los registros de la Comisión de Control de Infecciones Hospitalarias (CCIH), la Farmacia y el Centro de Suministros Farmacéuticos (CAF) del hospital investigado. Esto se obtuvo a través de un instrumento de recolección estructurado, con datos correspondientes al período de enero a diciembre de 2016. Resultados: Las principales muestras clínicas con presencia de resistencia a múltiples fármacos bacterianos fueron sangre, orina y secreción traqueal, con mayor prevalencia de las siguientes bacterias: Staphylococcus aureus(23,08%), Staphylococcuscoagulasa negativo (26,15%), Citrobactersp. (19,23%), Enterobactersp. (10,77%) y Pseudomonassp. (7,69%). En vista de la resistencia a múltiples fármacos presentada, los antibióticos más utilizados para el tratamiento fueron: vancomicina (21,7%), piperacilina con tazobactam (24,55%), ampicilina con sulbactam (10.4%), cefepima (18,43%) y meropenem (58,5%). La presencia de bacterias resistentes fue la causa del aumento de los costos en el tratamiento de los pacientes. Los valores en este estudio con terapia con antibióticos generaron un costo de R$ 83.298,83 en 2016, con el 49% de las muertes hospitalarias. Conclusión: La prevención, a través de políticas relacionadas con el control racional y el uso de antimicrobianos, es fundamental en la lucha contra las infecciones nosocomiales por bacterias multirresistentes.

Introduction: Clinicians rely on clinical presentations to select therapeutic agents for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are common in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae require different antibiotics. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between clinical features of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and pathogenic bacteria. Methods: Sixty-four patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis were enrolled. Clinical features including nasal obstruction, discolored discharge, facial pain, smell disturbance, fever and laboratory findings of patients with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis were collected. The bacterial cultures of endoscopic middle meatal swabs were used as a reference. Results: Serum C-reactive protein level elevation correlated with the bacterial species (p = 0.03), by which was increased in 80.0% of Haemophilus influenzae rhinosinusitis and 57.1% of Streptococcus pneumoniae rhinosinusitis. The elevated C-reactive protein was the significant predictor for Haemophilus influenzae rhinosinusitis with the Odds Ratio of 18.06 (95% CI 2.36–138.20). The sensitivity of serum C-reactive protein level elevation for diagnosing Haemophilus influenzae rhinosinusitis was 0.80 (95% CI 0.49–0.94). Conclusion: Elevation of serum C-reactive protein level was associated with and predicted acute bacterial rhinosinusitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Resumo: Introdução: Os médicos se baseiam nas características clínicas para a escolha dos agentes terapêuticos para o tratamento da rinossinusite bacteriana aguda. Streptococcus pneumoniae e Haemophilus influenzae são agentes comuns na rinossinusite bacteriana aguda. Streptococcus pneumoniae e Haemophilus influenzae resistentes a antibióticos requerem medicamentos diferentes. Objetivo: Avaliar as associações entre as características clínicas da rinossinusite bacteriana aguda e bactérias patogênicas. Método: O estudo incluiu 64 pacientes com rinossinusite bacteriana aguda. Foram coletadas e registradas as características clínicas, inclusive obstrução nasal, secreção com cor alterada, dor facial, distúrbios do olfato, febre e achados laboratoriais de pacientes com rinossinusite bacteriana aguda. As culturas bacterianas obtidas por swab endoscópico do meato médio foram usadas como referência. Resultados: A elevação do nível sérico de proteína C-reativa estava correlacionada com a espécie bacteriana (p = 0,03); ela estava aumentada em 80,0% das rinossinusites por Haemophilus influenzae e em 57,1% das rinossinusites por Streptococcus pneumoniae. A proteína C-reativa elevada foi um significativo fator preditor de rinossinusite por Haemophilus influenzae, com razão de probabilidade de 18,06 (IC 95% 2,36-138,20). A sensibilidade da elevação dos níveis séricos de proteína C-reativa para o diagnóstico de rinossinusite por Haemophilus influenzae foi de 0,80 (IC 95% 0,49 ± 0,94). Conclusão: A elevação dos níveis séricos de proteína C-reativa é um preditor de rinossinusite bacteriana aguda causada por Haemophilus influenzae.

O processo de ensilagem de forragens é uma das principais formas de armazenamento, mantendo seu valor nutricional nos períodos de estiagem. Visando a melhora do processo fermentativo e eficiência na preservação das silagens, vem se utilizando inoculantes microbianos em muitas propriedades rurais. Desta forma, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade nutricional das silagens de milho e de sorgo acrescida de doses de inoculante Silomax Milho e Sorgo (Lactobacillus plantarum) como aditivo em duas idades de corte como aditivo em duas idades de corte O experimento foi realizado no Núcleo de Agricultura do Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas – Campus Barbacena. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2X3 com 5 repetições em silos de PVC (30 cm de comprimento e 100 mm de diâmetro) totalizando 30 silos para cada cultura. O inoculante foi aplicado nas seguintes doses: sem inoculante (apenas água); 100 g por tonelada e 200g por tonelada, os mesmos para cada idade de corte. Após 60 dias de ensilagem foram avaliados os níveis de Proteína Bruta (PB), Matéria Seca (MS), Fibra detergente neutro (FDN) e Fibra detergente ácido (FDA). Os resultados demonstraram que a silagem de sorgo foi significativamente influenciada em sua MS pelos tratamentos (P=0,0081), não sendo observado efeitos entre as idades de corte (P>0,05) com os teores de MS variando de 27,46 a 29,08% na primeira idade de corte e de 29,17 a 29,66% na segunda idade de corte. A utilização do inoculante bacteriano Lactobacillus plantarum teve efeito consistente apenas sobre os níveis de matéria seca da silagem de sorgo, não promovendo alterações significativas sobre as demais variáveis analisadas.

El Azospirillum es un género de bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal, encontrado en suelos de diferentes regiones del globo terrestre. Estas bacterias cuando se asocian a raíces de plantas, ayudan en la producción y productividad del cultivo, actuando en el aumento de parte aérea y sistema radicular. Estos beneficios se derivan de la excreción de los fitonutrientes de crecimiento, especialmente las auxinas. En las gramíneas forrajeras, la inoculación de estas cepas puede proporcionar mayores ganancias de masa de forraje con menores dosis de N-fertilizante, garantizando la sostenibilidad del sistema de producción del pasto. El uso de Azospirillum spp., en gramíneas debe llenar un vacío entre la productividad y la sostenibilidad. La promoción del crecimiento proporcionado por Azospirillum se ha descrito en varias gramíneas como la caña de azúcar, el maíz y plantas forrajeras, pero se deben realizar más estudios en diferentes condiciones para diseminar y consolidar su adopción entre los productores. La adopción de la inoculación de esta bacteria puede aumentar la competitividad de los productos agrícolas y ser un diferencial frente a la producción adoptada en la agricultura convencional. En la ganadería la inoculación en pastizales puede aumentar la producción de masa de forraje, y mitigar los riesgos de degradación y mejorar los índices productivos de ese sector.

Objetivo: Describir la resistencia a los antibióticos de las bacterias aisladas en las superficies de los centros de cuidado infantil.Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron hisopos para tomar muestras de las superficies en 266 centros de cuidado infantil en Bogotá (Colombia). La caracterización bacteriana y los patrones de susceptibilidad se verificaron utilizando un sistema computarizado. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 151 bacterias diferentes, principalmente en las cocinas (36%). Staphylococcus fue un hallazgo frecuente, especialmente: S. hominis, S. sapro-phyticus y S. epidermidis; El 2,7% era resistente a la meticilina. Klebsiella oxytoca fue la bacteria más aislada en las cocinas, con alta resistencia a los antibióticos. Conclusión: Esta investigación muestra la importancia de identificar las bacterias presentes en diferentes entornos a los que los niños están expuestos para supervisar continuamente los hábitos de higiene en los centros de cuidado diurno infantil.

Las bacterias ruminales celulolíticas se utilizan en la alimentación de rumiantes por su capacidad biodegradable de forrajes fibrosos. Sin embargo, existen escasos estudios en alpaca, ovino y vacuno si constituyen fuentes de microrganismos degradadores de celulosa para aplicaciones en biotecnología alimentaria. En esta investigación se aisló y evaluó el potencial degradador in vitro de la celulosa de las bacterias ruminales celulíticas de alpaca, ovino y vacuno. Se recolectaron muestras de líquido ruminal de ochos especímenes de alpaca, vacuno y ovino del matadero municipal de la localidad de Huancavelica – Perú, ubicado a 3820 metros sobre el nivel del mar en Perú. Las muestras ruminales fueron cultivadas en medios con carboximetilcelulosa, enriquecidos con caldo infusión cerebro corazón en condiciones aeróbicas y anaeróbicas hasta lograr desarrollo de colonias bacterianas. Luego se realizó la caracterización microbiológica, bioquímica y análisis de producción de celulasas de cada aislado bacteriano usando el método de coloración de rojo Congo y se evaluó el diámetro de los halos (mayor a 10-14 milímetros (mm)) de degradabilidad de celulosa. Se encontró bacterias celulolíticas Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus y Fibrobacter succinogenes con alta capacidad de degradabilidad de celulosa (halo mayor a 14 mm). Este hallazgo indica que los líquidos ruminales de alpaca, vacuno y ovino son excelentes fuentes de bacterias productoras de celulasas con alta capacidad degradadora de celulosa.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho determinar a ocorrência de resíduos de antibióticos no leite comercializado para o consumo humano no Estado de Santa Catarina e a viabilidade do uso de um método baseado na inibição do crescimento bacteriano, o ADM – test (Antimicrobial Diffusion Method).

Este estudo analisou o potencial de cicatrização do concreto quando do uso de soluções bacterianas e soluções químicas, avaliando diferentes materiais que podem ser empregados para seu encapsulamento. Para encapsular os agentes, foram empregadas argila expandida e perlita expandida. Para analisar a eficácia da cicatrização, realizaram-se as técnicas de análise visual através de microscópio óptico de alta precisão e microtomografia 3D. Os resultados apontaram para um melhor desempenho do traço BAC.AE (soluções bacterianas encapsuladas em argila expandida), utilizando solução bacteriana encapsulada em argila expandida, que foi capaz de cicatrizar fissuras de até 0,57mm, tendo os traços BAC.PE (soluções bacterianas encapsuladas em perlita expandida) e SS (silicato de sódio) inserido na moldagem, em substituição à água, cicatrizado fissuras de 0,16 mm e 0,29 mm respectivamente.

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Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O saneamento ambiental inadequado contribui para a poluição da água dos mananciais, bem como o surgimento de casos de doenças de veiculação hídrica. No entanto, a radiação solar é uma alternativa de baixo custo, fácil operação e efetiva para desinfecção de águas cinza. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, identificar os agrupamentos de variáveis meteorológicas e qualitativas de amostras de águas cinza tratadas em reator solar no semiárido potiguar. Para isso, utilizou-se uma estação de tratamento de águas cinza composta por tanque séptico, filtro anaeróbio e reator solar. Os testes foram realizados de julho a dezembro de 2015, mensalmente. No reator solar foram mantidas lâminas de águas cinza de 0,1 m, que ficaram expostas à radiação solar das 8h às 16h, sendo coletadas alíquotas a cada duas horas. As amostras coletadas foram submetidas às análises de pH, oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura, condutividade elétrica, sólidos suspensos totais, turbidez, coliformes totais, E. coli e ovos de helmintos. Foram monitoradas, também, as variáveis: temperatura do ar e radiação solar global. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de agrupamento hierárquico que resultou na formação de quatro grupos, demonstrando que o agrupamento ocorreu em função da sazonalidade, e do tempo de exposição solar ao qual as amostras de águas cinza foram submetidas. A desinfecção solar configura-se como uma alternativa viável, técnica e economicamente, que permite redução significativa de patógenos, possibilitando o uso agrícola de água cinza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Os objetivos da pesquisa foram avaliar as características físico-químicas, o perfil microbiano e determinar a sensibilidade aos antibióticos de enterobactérias isoladas de amostras de leite de transição bovino in natura (D0) e fermentado por 21 (D21), 30 (D30), 60 (D60), 90 (D90), 120 (D120) e 180 (D180) dias, coletadas de dez vacas leiteiras. As variáveis físico-químicas estudadas foram pH, temperatura, porcentagem de sólidos totais (ST) e densidade. Foram realizadas diluições seriadas e inoculações das amostras em meios de cultura enriquecidos e seletivos. Após a quantificação, procederam-se os testes morfotintorial, bioquímico e de antibiograma. Os resultados de pH variaram de 6,0 (D0) à 4,0 (D120 e D180). A temperatura oscilou de 21,30 a 23,33?C e a densidade no D0 foi de 1,031 g.mL-1. Em relação a (%)ST, o D0 destacou-se (13,79%) e os demais tempos de fermentação não diferiram entre si (p>0,05). No D60 nenhum crescimento de enterobactérias foi identificado, enquanto as bactérias ácido-láticas (BAL) aumentaram significativamente até o D90. Bactérias multirresistentes foram encontradas até o D30 e 29% das bactérias no D0 apresentaram índice de resistência múltipla aos antimicrobianos ?0,3. Conclui-se que a fermentação do leite de transição resulta em redução do pH, não influencia na temperatura e na densidade e mostra redução na (%) ST apenas com 21 dias de fermentação. As BAL mantêm-se viáveis até os 90 dias e os patógenos reduziram durante o período de 180 dias. As bactérias multirresistentes são eliminadas com o processo fermentativo e, de maneira geral, as enterobactérias são sensíveis aos antibióticos.

Objetivo: A infeção no pós-operatório é considerada uma das mais importantes causas de morbi-mortalidade após transplante hepático. Poucos estudos analisam a incidência de culturas positivas do líquido de preservação do enxerto e o outcome dos respetivos recetores. Estudamos a incidência e o impacto clínico de infeção do líquido de preservação de orgão para transplante hepático. Métodos: Cultivamos o líquido de preservaãoo (Celsior®) em 225 transplantes de fígado durante quatro anos consecutivos; os recetores de alto risco foram submetidos a um protocolo de profilaxia antibiótica de infeção pós-transplante, durante 48 horas, que consistia numa cefalosporina de 3a geração e netilmicina. Resultados: Setenta líquidos de preservação foram considerados positivos com uma três patógenos identificados. Destes, 31% eram flora saprofítica da pele, porém, em 29 casos (41,1%), isolamos patógenos de alta virulência. Apenas oito doentes desenvolveram febre no pós-operatório devido ao microorganismo isolado no líquido de preservação. Conclusão: Foram identificadas culturas positivas em 31,1% dos casos, sendo que um terço corresponde a flora saprofítica da pele. Os nossos resultados não suportam a realização por rotina de cultura do líquido de preservação, desde que haja um regime profilático de antibióticos adequado.

Antibiotic resistance is a major global threat to public health that can be reduced at least partially through proper education. Currently, however, students' knowledge is unknown due scarce research on this topic. To this end, a survey has been carried out on 364 secondary school students in their 3 rd year from six high schools. The results obtained show erroneous perceptions about the pathogenicity of microorganisms, lack of knowledge about the exclusiveness of antibiotics for bacteria and about fomites as a mechanism of the transmission of infectious diseases. The surveyed students are not aware of the implication that represents the current situation of the lack of antibiotics and the problem of their resistance. The most outstanding concrete results can be helpful to teachers as didactic implications or proposals to modify the curriculum, towards a less theoretical one and focused more on practical cases, instilling attitudes towards a responsible use of antibiotics and their relevance for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the pathogens in bacterial otic processes, microorganisms such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomona auriginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp., Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. stand out, for which resistance to antibiotics has been described employed to combat them. In Colombia there are few reports about the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms that cause otitis. For that reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial agents most frequently isolated from canine ear infections and their resistance to antibiotics from samples of ear secretions sent to a veterinary laboratory in Medellín during 2019. In order to do that, an cross-sectional, retrospective descriptive study was done. The results of the antibiograms performed from bacterial cultures obtained from ear samples sent to a reference laboratory in the city of Medellín were analyzed. A frequency analysis was carried out for the total sample. It was found that the main isolated bacterial microorganisms were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomona auriginosa, Proteus mirabili and Staphylococcus aureus. Gentamicin was the drug with the highest percentage of resistance and cephalexin the one with the least resistance. It was possible to conclude that Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is linked in more than 60% of cases of bacterial otitis and the resistance presented by microorganisms varies over time. The group of aminoglycosides antibiotics was the one which microorganisms are manifesting more percentage of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathologies caused by microbial groups generate health risks in domestic dogs and cats; showing a zoonotic potential and producing affections in humans. According to that background, the purpose of this study was to establish the main microorganisms causing clinical pathologies in domestic dogs and cats by reviewing medical records in a veterinary clinic in Valledupar, Colombia. In order to do that, a retrospective study was conducted with clinical histories of dogs and cats admitted during 2017 and 2018 to the veterinary clinic "Mis Mejores Amigos", located in the city of Valledupar, Colombia. Based on the information, a descriptive, explanatory and statistical analysis was applied, the latter by means of a Sperman correlation to evaluate the relationship between race, sex, age, microbial group and pathology-pathogen. From a total of 462 reports of canines and felines admitted to the clinic, a total of 273 diagnoses were obtained. 4% of the felines and 24% of the canines were affected by some microbial group. The most prevalent microorganisms in canines were Ancylostoma spp. (9 %) Entamoeba histolytica (5%) Ehrlichia spp. (5%), and Isospora sp. (5%) while in felines were Haemobartonella felis (20%) and Haemobartonella spp. (17%). It was determined that there is only correlation between the age of felines and the microbial group that affects them, in addition to the pathology presented with the pathogen. It was observed a high percentage of Ancylostoma sp. (9%) in canines of mongrel and French Poodle breeds whilst in felines was found the bacterium Haemobartonella felis in 20% of the mongrel breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the air has a direct effect on human health. The objective of this research was to microbiologically characterize the air in the urban area of Calceta-Manabí at different times and days. 12 data collection points were established, the sampling was carried out during July 2019; The sedimentation method in Petri dishes was used to collect samples. Nutrient agar was used for bacteria and malt extract agar for fungi. The Petri dishes were placed open at a height of 1.50 m from the ground for 30 minutes. It was found that there is a high bacterial concentration in points close to the central market; and lower fungal concentration. There is a significant difference in the frequency of monitoring, where the average concentration of CFU / m3 and UPC / m3 is higher on weekends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high demand for plastics such as PET and the scant knowledge about the green economy, or recycling, has increased the adverse effects on the environment due to the uncontrolled accumulation of plastic waste that ends up in water sources. Among the strategies studied to control this problem, degradation by microorganisms has given optimal results in efficiency and economy. We specify the mechanism (enzymes) for the degradation of PET by using a bibliographic review considering the main culture conditions and the microorganism, the pretreatment carried out on PET, and the degradation percentages achieved. We also present the industrial applications of the possible by-products for their use and reduction of pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to evaluate the characteristics of the cell phone by employees, students and health professionals and investigate the relationship with the number and type of microorganisms present on the phone. Sociodemographic data and information on cell phone use were collected, in addition to the microbiological assessment of the phones. The data were analyzed in SPSS, through descriptive statistics of the variables. Among the 50 study participants, 82% were female, 96% used their cell phones at work and 70% performed some type of asepsis. Regarding microbiological collection, there was bacterial growth in 68% of cell phones, whose most isolated bacterium was negative coagulase Staphylococcus (47%). In addition, there was a growth of more than 100.000 CFU/mL in the cell phones of residents (26.5%) and undergraduates (23.5%). It is concluded that the use of the cell phone during the working day is frequent, which may be related to the number of contaminated devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presentado en sesión de 1o de agosto de 1956

Sesión del 24 de Octubre del 1934. Relator Juan Soto Blanco