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Using an artificial neural network (ANN), the values of the antiradical potential of 1315 items of food and agricultural raw materials were calculated. We used an ANN with the structure of a "multilayer perceptron" (MLP) and with the hyberbolic tangent (Tanh) as an activation function. Values reported in the United States Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) were taken as input to the analysis. When training the ANN, 60 parameters were used, such as the content of plastic substances, food calories, the amount of mineral components, vitamins, the composition of fatty acids and additional substances presented in this database. The analysis revealed correlations, namely, a direct relationship between the value of the antiradical potential (ARP) of food and the concentration of dietary fiber (r = 0.539) and a negative correlation between the value of ARP and the total calorie content of food (r = −0.432) at a significance level of p < 0.001 for both values. The average ARP value for 10 product groups within the 95% CI (confidence interval) was ≈23–28 equivalents (in terms of ascorbic acid) per 1 g of dry matter. The study also evaluated the range of average values of the daily recommended intake of food components (according to Food and Agriculture Organization—FAO, World Health Organization—WHO, Russia and the USA), which within the 95% CI, amounted to 23.41–28.98 equivalents per 1 g of dry weight. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the predicted ARP values depend not only on the type of raw materials and the method of their processing, but also on a number of other environmental and technological factors that make it difficult to obtain accurate values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigated the extraction of bioactive compounds from citrus peels, an agri‐food waste. Carbon dioxide (CO2), an eco‐friendly solvent, was used under liquid and supercritical conditions to perform the extractions from orange, tangerine and lemon peels. The possibility of using ethanol as a cosolvent at small percentages up to 20% was also studied. The extraction yield, total polyphenolic content, individual polyphenolic profile, antiradical activity and volatile organic compounds of the extracts were evaluated. The highest yields were obtained when 20% ethanol was used as a cosolvent in both liquid (at 20 MPa and 20 °C) and supercritical (at 30 MPa and 60 °C) CO2 extraction. In addition, the extracts obtained with liquid CO2 + 20% ethanol showed the highest content of naringin (35.26, 44.05 and 19.86 mg g‐1 in orange, tangerine and lemon peel extracts, respectively) and terpenes, in particular limonene. This type of extract also showed the highest antiradical activity (31.78–59.51 µmolTE g‐1) as measured by both ABTS·+ and DPPH·. These findings show that the extraction with a liquid CO2 and ethanol mixture could be a valid alternative to traditional solvent extraction using 80% less organic solvent and producing extracts with high antiradical capacity and rich in volatile organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress underlies the pathogenesis of many diseases, which determines the interest in natural substances with antioxidant properties. Ginkgo biloba L. leaves are well known and widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, but the therapeutic properties of the seeds are less studied. This study aimed to identify the chromatographic profile and to evaluate the antioxidant properties of methanol extract from seeds of G. biloba (GBSE). In the GBSE, flavonoids and terpenes were found as terpenes predominated. The GBSE antioxidant capacity determined by 2,2 azino-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods were equal to 1.34% and 0.58% of the activity of reference substance Trolox, respectively. The results of the ferric reducing antioxidant power method showed that the effect of concentration 1 mg/mL (w/v) GBSE was equal to 7.418 mM FeSO4 used as a standard. The cupric reducing antioxidant capacity activity of the GBSE was found to be 215.39 µmol Trolox/g GBSE and is presented as Trolox equivalent. The metal chelation effect of 1 mg/mL (w/v) GBSE was equal to that obtained for 0.018 mM EDTA. In conclusion, GBSE showed a good ability to neutralize ABTS and DPPH radicals and could have a beneficial effect in pathological conditions with oxidative stress etiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chickpeas are rich sources of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids. However, the contribution of insoluble-bound phenolics to their antioxidant properties remains unclear. Four varieties of chickpeas were evaluated for the presence of soluble (free and esterified) and insoluble-bound phenolics as well as their antiradical activity, reducing power and inhibition of peroxyl-induced cytotoxicity in human HuH-7 cells. In general, the insoluble-bound fraction showed a higher total phenolic content. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and isoflavonoids were identified and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Taxifolin was identified for the first time in chickpeas. However, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, taxifolin, and biochanin A were the main phenolics found. Biochanin A was mostly found in the free fraction, while m-hydroxybenzoic acid was present mainly in the insoluble-bound form. The insoluble-bound fraction made a significant contribution to the reducing power and antiradical activity towards peroxyl radical. Furthermore, all extracts decreased the oxidative damage of human HuH-7 cells induced by peroxyl radicals, thus indicating their hepatoprotective potential. This study demonstrates that the antioxidant properties and bioactive potential of insoluble-bound phenolics of chickpeas should not be neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of 2-phenyl-4-(4-benzoyloxyarylidene)-5(4H)-oxazolones the corresponding amino acids with hydrochlorides of methyl esters afforded N,O-dibenzoyl-α,β-dehydrotyrosylpeptides methyl esters. From the latter, O-benzoyl protecting group was removed with 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine. Antiradical and anticholinesterase activity of the synthesized α,β-dehydrotyrosylpeptides were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species from the genus Globularia L. have been used as healing agents for various ailments, with utilization of Globularia alypum L. being most frequently reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer potential of G. alypum and three related species, G. punctata Lapeyr., G. cordifolia L. and G. meridionalis (Podp.) O.Schwarz, in relation to their phytochemical compositions. Globularin and verbascoside were identified using LC-PDA-ESI-MSn as the major metabolites of G. alypum with known biological activities. G. alypum demonstrated the greatest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 17.25 μg/mL), while its anti-inflammatory activity was not significantly different from those of related species. All investigated species showed considerable antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the broth microdilution method (MIC = 1.42–3.79 mg/mL). G. punctata also showed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (MIC = 1.42 mg/mL), Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 1.89 mg/mL), B. cereus (MIC = 2.84 mg/mL) and Enterococcus faecalis (MBC = 5.68 mg/mL). G. punctata, G. cordifolia and G. meridionalis showed greater anticancer potential than G. alypum. Obtained results indicate investigated Globularia species could serve as sources of diverse bioactive molecules, with G. punctata having the greatest antibacterial potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The wastewater after rose oil distillation is usually discharged into the drainage systems and it represents a serious environmental problem. While being rich in polyphenols, which have beneficial biological activity and application in the pharmaceutical industry, limited research has been carried out about the biological activity of the specific wastewaters per se. Wastewaters after distillation of the four Bulgarian oil-bearing roses Rosa damascena Mill., R. alba L., R. centifolia L., and R. gallica L. exerted significant antioxidant activity and good antiherpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) activity while maintaining a good toxicological safety profile (low cytotoxic effect) towards normal cell lines. More precisely, the non-tumorigenic cells were a human (HEK-293 embryonic kidney cells) and a mouse cell line (CCL-1 fibroblasts, which are recommended as a standard for cytotoxicity evaluation in Annex C of ISO 10993-5). The concentrations that achieved antioxidant and radical scavenging effects (0.04–0.92% v/v) were much lower than most of the maximum tolerated concentrations for the tissue culture cells (0.2–3.4% v/v). The wastewaters had a weak antiproliferative effect against Staphylococcus aureus. None of the wastewaters had activity against Gram-negative bacteria or a bactericidal or antifungal effect. We can conclude that these four species, which are the most preferred species worldwide for producing high-quality rose oil, have the potential to be developed as promising antioxidant and antiherpesvirus nutraceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antiradical potential (ARP) is an important measure of food safety. In addition, it directly or indirectly affects the rate of occurrence of a number of human pathologies. Using a photocolorimetric analysis of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) solutions, we estimated the antiradical potential of food raw materials, food concentrates, biologically active substances, and wild plants. We conducted approximately 1500 analyses of almost 100 food products selected from 11 food groups: vegetables, milk, meat, fish, cereals and bread, drinks (including tea and coffee), etc. With a confidence interval (CI) of 95%, the average values for animal products range from 15.87 to 18.70 ascorbic acid equivalents per gram of dry matter. For plant materials, the range is 474.54–501.50 equivalents when wild herbs are included and 385.02–408.83 equivalents without taking herbs into account. The antiradical potential of the biologically active substances we studied ranged from 706.84 to 847.77 equivalents per gram of dry matter, which makes it possible to use some of the components to repair products with low ARP values, for example, bread and baked goods, confectionery, milk and dairy products, carbonated drinks, and juice. In this study, a low ARP value is associated with a reduction in the shelf life of products and a deterioration in their organoleptic properties; therefore, we propose using ARP as an important reference for describing the quality of food products and raw food materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wine lees, a sub-exploited byproduct of vinification, is considered a rich source of bioactive compounds, such as (poly)phenols, anthocyanins and tannins. Thus, the effective and rapid recovery of these biomolecules and the assessment of the bioactive properties of wine lees extracts is of utmost importance. Towards this direction, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) factors (i.e., extraction time, microwave power and solvent/material ratio) were optimized using experimental design models in order to maximize the (poly)phenolic yield of the extracts. After optimizing the MAE process, the total phenolic content (TPC) as well as the antiradical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the extracts were evaluated. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to investigate the chemical profile of wine lees extracts. Red varieties exhibited higher biological activity than white varieties. The geographical origin and fermentation stage were also considered as critical factors. The white variety Moschofilero presented the highest antioxidant, antiradical and antimicrobial activity, while Merlot and Agiorgitiko samples showed noteworthy activities among red varieties. Moreover, IR spectra confirmed the presence of sugars, amino acids, organic acids and aromatic compounds. Thus, an efficient, rapid and eco-friendly process was proposed for further valorization of wine lees extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A homologous series of (3-alkoxymethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-ones was prepared by the reaction of (3-chloromethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-ones with the corresponding alcohols (methanol – decan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, cyclopentanol, benzylalcohol) in the presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate. The composition of the synthesised compounds was elucidated by IR, UV and 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. Selected compounds were tested against human pathogens: gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (CNCTC Mau 29/58), gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (CNCTC 377/79) and yeast Candida albicans (CCM 8186). Their antimicrobial activities were expressed as minimum inhibitory concentrations. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS.+ methods. It could be shown that both biological activities, antimicrobial and antioxidant, were lower in comparison with the (2RS)-bis [3-(4-acetyl-2-propoxymethyl)phenoxy-2-hydroxypropyl]isopropylammonium fumarate type of beta blockers.

7-O-Galloyltricetifavan (7OGT), a natural flavonoid, is isolated from the leaves of Pithecellobium clypearia. The compound exhibits a variety of biological activities. This study details the evaluation of the HOO• antiradical activity of 7OGT by quantum chemistry calculations. The HOO• trapping activity of 7OGT in the gas phase (reference state) was discovered to follow the formal hydrogen transfer mechanism with a rate constant of k = 4.58 × 108 M−1 s−1. In physiological environments, 7OGT is predicted to be an excellent HOO• radical scavenger with koverall = 2.65 × 108 and 1.40 × 104 M−1 s−1 in water and pentyl ethanoate solvents, respectively. The HOO• antiradical activity of 7OGT in water at physiological pH is approximately 2000 times that of Trolox and substantially higher than that of other well-known natural antioxidants such as trans-resveratrol or ascorbic acid. Thus, 7OGT is an excellent natural antioxidant in polar environments.

Cosmos sulphureus is an adventitious species for Europe and Ukraine in particular. It originates from Central and South America, where it grows in tropical and subtropical climates. The climatic conditions of Kyiv are characterized as temperate, with an absolute temperature minimum of –32.2 °C, an absolute maximum of +39.9 °C, and average annual rainfall of 649 mm. Plants were analyzed in the flowering phase, divided into inflorescences, leaves, stems, and roots, dried at +35 °C and then extracted with methanol and water. The determination of the antiradical activity was carried out according to a modified method using a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical inhibition reaction. The highest antiradical activity was detected in inflorescences (59.60–81.81 % inhibition) and leaves (79.81–89.12 % inhibition). Stem extracts had an average level of inhibition (19.63–65.93 %), and root extracts showed only 2.54–39.46 % inhibition. Correlation analysis showed a strong relationship between leaves and stems (r = 0.84), leaves and roots (r = 0.81), and stems and roots (r = 0.91). Extracts of C. sulphureus plants grown in temperate climate were found having a high antioxidant potential but lower than that reported for tropical and subtropical regions. It was found that higher intensity of coloration of marginal florets of the capitulum does not correlate with a higher antiradical activity. Methanolic and water extracts of inflorescences of the genotype CSCO-368812 with intensilly colored perianth inhibited only 59.60 % and 71.50 % of radicals, while similar extracts of the genotype CS-361294 with lighter florets inhibited 71.17 % and 81.81 % of radicals, respectively. Instead, there was a difference in antiradical activity depending on applied extractant. Methanolic extracts of vegetative organs (leaves, stems, roots) prevail over water extracts in terms of their antiradical activity. However, water extracts of inflorescences of both genotypes demonstrated higher level of antiradical activity.

The antiradical capacity and mechanisms of two representative coumestan-type compounds, namely isosojagol (Iso) and phaseoul (Pha), were examined using quantum chemistry calculations and computational kinetics methods. From a thermodynamic point of view, the 18CH groups of the prenyl substituent have been found to be the most suitable sites for radical attacks via the formal hydrogen transfer (FHT) mechanism. However, the kinetic study revealed that the reaction at these CH groups is slow and does not contribute to the overall reactivity of these compounds, which the phenolic groups mainly define. The kinetic study also revealed that the studied compounds are good free radical scavengers with overall rate coefficients as high as recognized antioxidants such as carnosic acid, artepillin C, thymol, and rosefuran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aimed to chemically characterize and evaluate the antiradical power and biological effects of Citrus medica var. sarcodactylus essential oil (EO) and hydrolate (Hy) from exocarp as well as methanol extracts, from both exocarp and mesocarp (EEX and MEX). The whole fresh fruit was also investigated by SPME-GC/MS to describe its volatile composition. EO and Hy were analyzed by GC/MS and HS-GC/MS techniques, respectively. Limonene and γ-terpinene were found to be the most abundant compounds both in the fresh parts of the fruit and in the EO, while α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol were in the Hy. The extracts were also rich in furan and coumarin derivatives. A good antiradical activity of all samples except Hy was detected both against ABTS·+ than DPPH·, removed up to about 50%. The antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli was evaluated by microwell dilution method to determine MIC and MBC values. EEX and MEX showed efficacy at very high concentrations against both tested bacteria. The MIC value of EO against B. cereus was 0.5% v/v, while Hy was not able to inhibit the bacterial growth at the tested concentrations. Cytotoxicity investigated on the HL60 leukemia cell line by MTT assay provided an EC50 of 1.24% v/v for EO. Interesting activity of Hy was also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antioxidant activity of seven Schiff bases (SBs) was studied. The antiradical activity of SBs was determined by the chemiluminescence method from the interception of peroxyl radicals in the model reaction of initiated oxidation of ethylbenzene. The mechanism of inhibition of chain oxidation by SBs is poorly studied, but the addition of peroxyl radicals to the carbon atom with the disclosure of the conjugated double bond of the aldimine group -CH=N- seems to be most probable. This mechanism can be predominant one and determining the reactivity of SBs in the reaction with the rate constant (kinh): RO2• + [-CH=N-]→[-CH(RO2)-N•-]. 3-Hydroxy-2-(N-phenyliminomethyl)benzo[b]thiophene and its dimer manifested high anti-oxidant activity, and their inhibition activity is 3.43 • 105 and 7.5 • 105 L mol−1 s−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of O-benzoyl protection in the synthesis of N-benzoyl-α,β-dehydrotyrosine benzylamide, and the corresponding 4-imidazolone was studied. The reaction of 4-(4-benzoyloxybenzylidene)oxazol-5(4H)-one with benzylamine proceeds with the retention of the O-benzoyl protecting group. The latter is removed with 2-(dimethylamino)-1-ethylamine or 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine. In the case of the cyclization of N,O-dibenzoyl-α,β-dehydrotyrosine benzylamide with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane into (Z)-3-benzyl-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-phenyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one leads to elimination of the O-benzoyl protection. The antiradical and anticholinesterase properties of the synthesized compounds were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moderate consumption of wine is associated with positive health effects. Red wine contains more polyphenolic compounds than white wine, so it is considered healthier. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of bioactive compounds of red grape and berry wines available for purchase in Latvia. A selection of 15 red grape and berry wines purchased in Latvian supermarkets were analysed. The total phenol concentration was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric method with minor modifications. Total flavonoid concentration was determined using the colorimetric flavonoid determination method. Antiradical activity was determined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydraziyl) reagent and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical cation determination method. The results show that the analysed red wine samples can be divided into five clusters according to the concentration of total phenols, flavonoids, and antiradical activity. Cluster 1 separately divided Latvian black chokeberry wine, with high total phenol concentration (TPC) and total flavonoid concentration (TFC), high antiradical activity via the DPPH method, and relatively low antiradical activity via ABTS method. Cluster 4 combined red wines with medium TPC, high TFC and high antiradical activity via both DPPH and ABTS methods, and included grape wines from different countries of origin. Cluster 5 combined red wines with high TPC, medium TFC, and medium antiradical activity via both DPPH and ABTS methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the sensory stability of beer is still a motivating challenge for brewing research Some hop constituents, polyphenols and alpha-acids are considered to be substances that can slow the aging process of beer due to their antiradical and metal chelating properties. In pilot brewing experiments (200 l), with a variable dose of polyphenols (five hop varieties and CO2 extract), at a constant dose of alpha-acids, the effect on carbonyl formation and flavour deterioration of 12% pale lager beer during aging was investigated. The results showed the inter-relationships between the dose of hop polyphenols during wort boiling, the antioxidant status of beer evaluated by RC-DCPI and ARA-DPPH methods, suppression of the formation of both Strecker aldehydes and unsaturated carbonyls derived from fatty acids and off-flavours associated with beer aging. A significant effect of aromatic hop varieties with a high polyphenols/alpha-acids ratio on the deceleration of sensory aging of pale lager was demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant widely used as a preservative in foods containing fat, the petroleum industry, and pharmaceuticals. Herein, a systematic investigation of reaction mechanisms and kinetics of BHT initiated by HO• and HOO• radicals in physiological environments has been reported for the first time. The overall rate coefficients were determined according to the QM‐ORSA (quantum mechanics‐based test for overall free radical scavenging activity) procedure at the M06‐2X/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory. The radical adduct formation has been found to be the decisive mechanism for HO• scavenging in both polar and lipid media with koverall = 1.39 × 1012 and 1.13 × 1011 M–1 s–1, respectively. While this mechanism has no contribution to HOO• scavenging in physiological environments which mainly takes place via the hydrogen atom transfer mechanism (koverall = 2.51 × 105 and 1.70 × 104 M–1 s–1 in water and lipid media, respectively). The obtained findings are consistent with the available experimental data, which validates the accuracy of the calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze, a perennial grass plant, is usually distributed in hilly regions of the Indian Subcontinent. Different parts of T. maxima have been used as herbal medicine by traditional healers of this region. In this present study, T. maxima plant extract has been screened for examination of its secondary metabolite content with their probable cytotoxic activity. Methods Secondary metabolites of the crude T. maxima plant extract were isolated by different chromatographic methods. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data (1H NMR, 13C NMR) as well as comparison with available literature sources. Antiradical activity by DPPH radical scavenging assay and antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method of the fractions and cytotoxic activity by trypan blue exclusion method of the isolated compounds were also evaluated. Results Three phenolic compounds 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (2), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (3) and two steroids stigmast-4-en-3-one (4) and β-stigmasterol (5) were isolated from the aerial part of T. maxima. Among the compounds 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and stigmast-4-en-3-one exhibited notable cytotoxic activity against African Green Monkey Kidney Cell line (Vero cell). Conclusion Bioassay investigation of the isolated compounds and fractions suggested that T. maxima could be a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Graphical abstract

Endophytic fungi are a group of fungi that reside in the living plant without causing any disease symptoms. It shows symbiotic/mutualistic characteristics with host plants. Endophytic fungi may increase the host defense system against various pathogenic microorganisms and may encompass secondary metabolites of respective host plants. Isolation of endophytic fungi and its metabolites from Justicia gendarussa plant grown in Bangladesh is a recent and new approach. A total of seven endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from the leaf and bark part of the plant. All of the isolated endophytic fungi were identified up to genus level on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and up to species level on the basis of molecular characteristics as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Diaporthe pseudomangiferae, Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum tropicale and Colletotrichum siamense. Preliminary chemical screening of the fungal extracts by thin-layer chromatographic technique revealed the presence of various compounds such as flavonoids, anthraquinones, couramins, isocoumarins etc. Fungal strain Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis exhibited significant antiradical activity through DPPH scavenging method and moderate antimicrobial activity against a wide range of human pathogenic microbes. Using brine shrimp lethality bioassay, all the isolates showed strong cytotoxic activity, therefore suggested that all the extracts may have bioactive metabolites. Overall, these findings indicate that Justicia gendarussa and its associated endophytic fungi could be an important source for exploring potentially bioactive compounds or leads for the new drug candidates.

Solidago canadensis L. was introduced to Europe as an ornamental plant from North America in 1645 and began to spread during the XIX-XX centuries. Nowadays the species is considered the most aggressive invasive species. On the other hand, S. canadensis is considered to be a medicinal plant. The raw material known as Herba Solidaginis includes herbs of S. canadensis, S. gigantea, and S. virgaurea. These species are known for their diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antispasmodic properties. The purpose of our study was to analyze the chemical compounds and some biological properties of S. canadensis, growing in Slovakia, to evaluate its therapeutic potential. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts from aerial parts of S. canadensis was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The evaluation of total flavonoid content (TFC) was performed by using a spectrophotometric method. The flavonoids content was expressed as rutin equivalents (mg REs) per g DW vegetal product. The phytochemical profile of S. canadensis extracts was assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The radical scavenging activity of samples was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Reducing power of extracts was determined by the phosphomolybdenum method. Total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) of the extracts varied from 204.19 to 293.43 mg GAE.g-1 DW, and 64.99 – 175.25 g QE.g-1 DW, respectively; the best results were obtained for ethanol extract. Some phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC with significant amounts of rutin (211.20 µg.mL-1), quercetin (122.08 µg.mL-1), quercitrin (102.50 µg.mL-1) and chlorogenic acid (147.00 µg.mL-1). The DPPH values in the inflorescences were higher than in the leaves: the antioxidant activity of leaf extracts was in the range from 5.34 to 17.16 mg TE.g-1, for inflorescences, this parameter ranged from 6.09 to 19.87 mg TE.g-1. The high total phenolic compounds and flavonoids can be used as a valuable source of phytochemicals in herbal remedies. Our study of S. canadensis, growing in Slovakia, shows the promising potential that can be evaluated as an effective antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in herbal medicines.

This work is focused on the determination of antiradical activity (ARA) by the method of free radical scavenging of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Since the DPPH solution is intense purple-coloured and absorbs at a wavelength of 517 nm, similar to the anthocyanin colorants of fruits, the modification of the method examined the effect of the colour of the sample extracts on the result of the ARA determination. Statistical evaluation of the results of the analyses using Youden's graphing method revealed that the two compared method adjustments gave consistent results over the observed range of antiradical activity. It also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean ARA values obtained by the two treatments. Investigation of the effect of the evaluated fruit components revealed a strong correlation between the content of ascorbic acid and ARA in samples containing no anthocyanin colorants. For the fruit samples studied, ARA values showed a strong correlation with polyphenol content.

Muntingia calabura is broadly cultivated and has become a common roadside tree in Indonesia that is known as "Kersen," or cherry. The current study aimed to determine the activities of the phytochemical constituent (i.e., phenolic and flavonoid total contents) with various concentrations of ethanolic extract of M. calabura leaves (EEMC) to determine the best one and the in vitro antioxidant activities and quercetin content using TLC Densitometry. The extraction was carried out by maceration with various concentrations of ethanol (96% v/v; 70% v/v and 50% v/v) to obtain the ethanolic extract of Muntingia calabura, L leaves. The determination of Quercetin was conducted by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) densitometry, and the total phenolic was analyzed with reagent Folin-Ciocalteu while the flavonoid content we identified by applying the colorimetric method. The antioxidant capacity was measured using the radical scavenging assay of 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The phytochemical study showed that phenolics, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids were present in all EEMC. The extract obtained by 96% ethanol showed the highest total antioxidant activity, reducing power and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. The same extract also exhibited the highest flavonoid content. However, the extract obtained by 70% ethanol showed the phenolic content, and the highest quercetin content was obtained by using 50% ethanol. The result from the EEMC analysis indicated that Muntingia calabura leaf extract contains essential bioactive compounds and shows potential as a source of antioxidants in M. calabura which uses 96% ethanol solvent and has the highest quercetin content in M calabura using 50% ethanol solvent.

Serbian aromatized wine “Bermet” from grapes grown on Fruška Gora Mountain has been in production since the 15th century. Ten commercial Bermets produced according to the traditional procedure by different manufacturers, and six prepared within the scope of this study were assessed for antioxidant (AO) activity using electrochemical, chemiluminescent and spectrophotometric AO assays. Direct current polarographic assay based on the decrease of anodic current of [hydrogen(peroxido)(1-)]hydroxidomercury(II) complex formation in alkaline H2O2 solution at potential of mercury oxidation, chemiluminescent H2O2 scavenging assay, as well as commonly used spectrophotometric assays (2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) based Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) were used. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu assay. The results obtained were correlated using regression analysis, ANOVA and F-test. An integrated approach to AO capacity determination allowed a more comprehensive comparison between samples. The approach is based on the introduction of the relative antioxidant capacity index, calculated by assigning each AO assay equal weight, and by PCA analysis. In addition, the introduction of phenolic antioxidant coefficients, calculated as the ratio between individual AO capacity and TPC, enabled a better understanding of their relation. [Projects of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 43010 and Grant no. 31093]

Mexidol (MD, 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine) is a registered therapeutic agent for the treatment of anxiety disorders. The chemical structure suggests that MD may also act as an antioxidant. In this study, the hydroperoxyl radical scavenging activity of MD was studied to establish baseline antioxidant activity, followed by an investigation of the effect of MD on the copper-catalysed oxidative damage in biological systems, using computational methods. It was found that MD exhibits moderate radical scavenging activity against HOO• in water and pentyl ethanoate solvents following the single electron transfer and formal hydrogen transfer mechanisms, respectively. MD can chelate Cu(II), forming complexes that are much harder to reduce than free Cu(II): MD chelation completely quenches the Cu(II) reduction by ascorbic acid and suppresses the rate of reduction reaction by [Formula: see text] that are the main reductants of Cu(II) in biological environments. Therefore, MD exerts its anti-HO• activity primarily as an OIL-1 inhibitor.

Baccharis is one of the largest genera of Asteraceae and its species are used in folk medicine for several medicinal purposes due to the presence of bioactive compounds. We investigated the phytochemical composition of polar extracts of B. sphenophylla. Using chromatographic procedures, diterpenoids (ent-kaurenoic acid), flavonoids (hispidulin, eupafolin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, biorobin, rutin, and vicenin-2), caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid derivatives (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid and its methyl ester, 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and its methyl ester) were isolated from polar fractions and are described. The extract, polar fractions, and fifteen isolated compounds were evaluated in relation to radical scavenging activity using two assays. Chlorogenic acid derivatives and flavonols exhibited higher antioxidant effects, confirming that B. sphenophylla is an important source of phenolic compounds with antiradical properties.

Flaxseed proteins exhibit functionalities interesting for the food industry, including antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant activity depends on the protein composition and the presence of phenolic compounds extracted with them from the matrix. The research focused on the effect of subsequent protein extractions (water, salt and alkaline) of flaxseed meals (of three cultivars) on the protein fraction composition and its relations to antioxidant capacity. The protein and phenolic profiles and antioxidant functionalities (in antiradical ORAC and emulsion assays) were analysed. Spectroscopic characteristics of the fractions (fluorometric and FT-IR analysis) were also included. Our study has shown the effect of fractionation on the share of proteins at MW from 56–38 kDa (globulin-like) and p-coumaric and ferulic) were extracted with flaxseed proteins. Their contents were fraction-dependent and the highest in AEF. The concentration of phenolics in AEF corresponded with the highest antiradical capacity (ORAC) compared with the other fractions. However, the SEF showed a higher ability to inhibit oxidation in emulsions than AEF, which could be associated with the higher content of the low MW proteins.

Perceived as a healthy food, almond beverages are gaining ever-increasing consumer preference across nonalcoholic vegetable beverages, ranking in first place among oilseed-based drinks. However, costly raw material; time and energy consuming pre- and posttreatments such as soaking, blanching and peeling; and thermal sterilization hinder their sustainability, affordability and spread. Hydrodynamic cavitation processes were applied, for the first time, as a single-unit operation with straightforward scalability, to the extraction in water of almond skinless kernels in the form of flour and fine grains, and of whole almond seeds in the form of coarse grains, up to high concentrations. The nutritional profile of the extracts matched that of a high-end commercial product, as well as showing nearly complete extraction of the raw materials. The availability of bioactive micronutrients and the microbiological stability exceeded the commercial product. The concentrated extract of whole almond seeds showed comparatively higher antiradical activity, likely due to the properties of the almond kernel skin. Hydrodynamic cavitation-based processing might represent a convenient route to the production of conventional as well as integral and potentially healthier almond beverages, avoiding multiple technological steps, while affording fast production cycles and consuming less than 50 Wh of electricity per liter before bottling.

In this work, the fresh leaves and inflorescences of Humulus lupulus L. cv. Chinook hops were investigated in order to describe their chemical composition and evaluate their biological activities. The analyses were carried out first on fresh untreated samples and then on pulverized ones using the SPME-GC-MS technique. In total, forty-two molecules belonging to different chemical classes were identified, and among these, twenty-three were terpene compounds. In order to carry out the activity assays, the powders were subjected to extraction with two different solvents (methanol and distilled water) by stirring and subsequent sonication at room temperature. To chemically characterize the extracts, the methanolic ones were analyzed by direct injection into the GC-MS apparatus, while the aqueous ones were analyzed by DI-SPME-GC-MS. In addition, with the aim to obtain information on the non-volatile content of the methanolic extracts, they were also subjected to derivatization, and the silylated derivatives were analyzed by GC-MS. The antioxidant activity was then evaluated by means of DPPH and ABTS assays after the determination of the total content of polyphenols and flavonoids. The greatest effects were observed on the methanolic extracts rather than on the aqueous ones. Furthermore, a preliminary study on the cytotoxic power of the methanolic extracts was also conducted on three different human cancer cell lines, such as non-small cell lung cancer (H1299), melanoma (A375) and breast cancer (MCF7). The obtained results showed that the two extracts induced a marginal effect on reducing breast tumor, melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation.

In this study, the characterization of fatty acids and secondary metabolites in seeds of three cultivars of Opuntia ficus-indica L. (O. ficus-indica, yellow, orange, and green) harvested from the Souk Ahras area in Northeast Algeria was performed. The antioxidant activity of seed extracts was also assessed by using two methods, namely FRAP and DPPH tests. Results show that total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 63.02 to 81.80 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g of seeds. The yellow cultivar had the highest TPC, followed by the orange and green cultivars. Concerning flavonoids and tannins, the orange cultivar showed higher concentrations, corresponding to 2.97 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g and 5.60 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g, respectively. Analysis of the seed extracts by HPLC revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, including gallic acid and chlorogenic acid, while the GC analysis of oil showed that prickly pear oil is a major source of essential fatty acids (C18:2). The antioxidant activities of extracts from the three cultivars were comparable. The EC50 for the reduction of ferric iron was almost 0.05 g/mL for all extracts. Regarding the scavenging of DPPH, green and yellow cultivars showed the highest capacity (EC50 = 0.26 g/mL). Linear correlations between the content of some antioxidants (flavonoids, tannins) and different activities were observed, indicating their participation in the latter. Above all, a significant inverse correlation between the total flavonoid content and the EC50 calculated for the reducing activity of seed extracts was observed (r = −0.657; p ≤ 0.05). Overall, the results indicate that the seeds of O. ficus-indica growing in Algeria can be exploited as valuable sources of table oil, cooking oil, and antioxidants.

The objective of this study was to isolate and identify compounds present in the leaves of Parkia platycephala Benth (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) and evaluate the antiradical potential of the derived extracts and fractions. Seven compounds were successfully isolated from the ethanolic leaf extract, comprising gallic acid, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and phytosteroids. Structural identification was accomplished through comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, including NMR and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and comparison with existing literature. The antiradical efficacy of both the extract and its fractions was determined in vitro through assays measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and quantifying total phenolics via UV/Vis, revealing notable antioxidant activity in extracts from P. platycephala Benth, especially in the EtOH, EtOAc, and aqueous fractions, attributed to their high phenolic content and prevalence of flavonoids. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of Parkia' s chemical composition and its potential biological benefits.

[Display omitted] It has been demonstrated that hydrochloric acid reacts with the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical, which leads to a likely overestimation of the antioxidant capacity of anthocyanin extracts obtained by acidifying the extractants with hydrochloric acid. Therefore, during the extraction process it is recommended to replace hydrochloric acid with sulfuric acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a study of sub- and supercritical fluid extraction of the fruiting body biomass of the F. fomentarius tinder fungus with ethanol. It also analyses the effect of extraction conditions (temperature, pressure, time) on the yield of the solid extract, phenolic compounds and steroids. It has been established that sub- and supercritical extraction is more efficient than traditional methods of extraction of biologically active substances (maceration and percolation). The solid extract yield reaches 43 wt %, with the content of phenolic compounds in the extract up to 50 wt %. The obtained extracts are shown to have high antiradical activity (up to 350 μmol Troloxeq/g). A correlation has been found between the antiradical activity of the extracts and the content of phenolic compounds in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oil from the spruce branches of Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) and Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) growing on the territory of Krasnoyarsk krai has been obtained by exhaustive hydro-steam distillation. Five separate oil fractions have been extracted: the first was collected 45 min after the onset of distillation; the second, at 2 h; the third, at 5 h; the fourth, at 6 h after the onset of distillation, and the fifth fraction was collected after the termination of hydro-steam distillation. The antimicrobial activity of separate fractions of essential oil from P. sibirica and А. sibirica toward the strains of conditionally pathogenic bacteria has been tested: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus 209р, Micrococcus luteus, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Candida albicans. The results of the study have shown that all samples of essential oils exhibit either bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity toward microbial strains used in the experiment except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The type of activity depends on the microbial strain and the sample of essential oil. It has been noted that the sensitivity of the strains to the components of P. sibirica and A. sibirica essential oils diminishes on going from the first to the last fraction. It has been assumed that this is due to a decrease in the content of monoterpenes in the oil composition. The antiradical activity has been examined by the reaction of essential oil components with the stable free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. It has been found that both whole essential oils from P. sibirica and А. sibirica and their individual fractions exhibit antiradical activity. It has been noted that the antiradical activity increases with decreasing content of monoterpenes in the composition of the essential oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modification of powdered ultradisperse cellulose by hindered phenol fragments was carried out. The modification was carried out by reacting cellulose tosylate with 3(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid hydrazide and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl dimethylamine in DMF at 100○C for 16–30 h. Samples of modified cellulose were characterized by spectroscopy IR and 1H NMR. From the of elemental analysis data, the degree of substitution of cellulose derivatives by hindered phenol units was calculated. The antiradical activity of the obtained samples in their reactions with a stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was determined. The reactions of modified cellulose with DPPH were carried out under the pseudo first-order conditions with respect to the radical. From the values of the effective constants, the second-order rate constants were calculated. It was established that the modification of cellulose by hindered phenol fragments leads to a sharp increase in its antiradical activity, which depends on the degree of substitution of the sample and the method of substitution. The difference in the activity of hydrazide and benzyl derivatives of cellulose may indicate their different spatial structure, resulting in different availability of phenol fragments. The antiradical activity of the hydrazide derivative of cellulose exceeds that of the antioxidant ionol (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lonicera caerulea L., also known as honeysuckle berries, are rich in biologically active compounds, which makes them a valuable raw material for the development of functional foods. The objects of the research were three honeysuckle cultivars ('Zoluška', 'Siņaja Ptica', 'Goluboje Vereteno'), four genotypes (No 2A; No 3; No 5; No 8) and kefir, enriched with various amounts (3–10%) of fruit puree. Physical and chemical analyses to determine the qualitative indicators of raw materials and products were performed. The degree of liking of kefir was assessed using sensory analysis: hedonic and line scales. The results obtained showed that among the cultivars the highest content of anthocyanins (1103.5 mg·100 g−1), total phenols (693.3 mg·100 g−1), flavonoids (753.9 mg·100 g−1), and tannins (1.6 mg·100 g−1), were found in 'Siņaja Ptica' berries, while among the genotypes, berries of No 8 had the highest concentration of the aforesaid compounds. Both samples also showed the highest antiradical activity: ABTS+• on average by 71.7% and DPPH− by 43.7%. According to the sensory evaluation, kefir with 10% honeysuckle puree was rated the highest. Honeysuckle berries could be used as a promising source of natural anti-oxidants in future research aimed at developing different new products that could meet consumer expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main physiological and biochemical characteristics and elemental composition of the lichens Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr., Parmelia sulcata Taylor, Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., and H. tubulosa (Schaer.) Hav. growing under insignificant anthropogenic impacts in one habitat were studied using optical spectroscopy analysis. The first three species are often used as indicators in biomonitoring based on spectral analysis data. The contents of chlorophylls a and b, total nitrogen, and phenolic compounds and antiradical activity were determined by a spectrophotometric method. The pheophytinization quotient (PQ) was calculated. The antioxidant activity was determined by an amperometric method. The physiological and biochemical parameters revealed in all four species indicated their habitat corresponded to the background. The physiological characteristics correlated to varying degrees among themselves. Twenty-two elements including macro- and microelements, heavy metals, and metalloids were detected in lichen thalli using ICP-AES spectroscopy. The maximum differences in metal contents were found in X. parietina and H. tubulosa. An analysis of the interrelationship of the physiological and biochemical characteristics, elemental composition, and metal contents made it possible to identify complex systems of correlations in each species. Differences in their structure may be associated with the specifics of the secondary metabolite composition, which determines the features of adaptive reactions and the degree of tolerance of the species. The use of a complex analysis of the physiological and biochemical characteristics and the elemental composition using various spectral methods is important for the development of the bioindication and ecological physiology of lichens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosa rugosa Thunb. (Rosaceae) plantations can provide industrial amounts of roots, which contain many biologically active metabolites. Here, we report the first studies of the chemical composition and pharmacological potential of a crude polysaccharide fraction obtained from R. rugosa roots (CPL-Rx). It was found that the roots contained water-soluble and -insoluble sugars, including a large amount of β-glucans (12.95 ± 0.30 g/100 g). The water-soluble fraction was found to be mostly composed of sugars (28.94 ± 0.01%), uronic acids (2.61 ± 0.41%), and polyphenols (4.55 ± 0.12%). High-performance capillary electrophoresis analysis showed that glucose was the prevalent monosaccharide (64.31%), followed by a smaller amount of galactose (11.77%), fructose (11.36%), and arabinose (4.27%). SDS-PAGE followed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry revealed the presence of unbound protein identified as protein plastid transcriptionally active 14-Like. CPL-Rx was found to inhibit the activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes (cyclooxygenase and hyaluronidase) and to have antioxidant potential in the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay (0.302 ± 0.01 mmol Trolox/g), DPPH radical scavenging effect (EC50 3.92 ± 0.12 mg/mg DPPH•) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (0.134 ± 0.10 mmol Trolox/g). It also exerted a slight antiproliferative effect on SW480 (colon) and A549 (lung) cancer cell lines. Our research provides the first insights into the composition and pharmacological application of crude polysaccharides from rugosa rose roots. It suggests that CPL-Rx may potentially be used for cosmetic and bio-medical purposes, especially as an antihyaluronidase or chemopreventive agent.

Previously it was established that phlorotannins of Arctic brown algae have bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in aerobic conditions of cultivating in vitro. These effects are due to the presence of active centers in macromolecule (hydroxyl groups) and the degree of polymerization. In this article, the effect of stimulation of the phagocytic activity of human blood neutrophilic leukocytes by studied fractions of Fucus vesiculosus polyphenols was revealed. In vitro, it was found that functional and polymolecular features of polyphenols affect the formation of the complex mechanism of influence on human blood cells. Polyphenols stimulate sorption effects on cells' surface and cause their agglomeration. Effect of erythrocytes, lymphocytes, epitheliocytes, and neutrophils surface modification without disturbing membrane integrity was revealed. Polyphenols of brown algae increase the intensity of the phagocytic reaction of neutrophilic granulocytes. Additionally, intraperitoneal injection of 5 pg mL−1 in outbred white mice (in 1 mL of saline) increased the migration activity of myeloid and lymphoid elements into the peritoneal space. Studied fractions of polyphenols can provide cell cooperation by increasing cluster formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiangiogenic effects of the nanoemulsions synthesized using cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) tincture were evaluated. The zeta potential and droplets' sizes, as well as the morphological appearance of nanoemulsions were assessed using a particle-size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was assessed against 2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals; disc diffusion analysis was conducted against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia, and anti-angiogenic activity was determined using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Finally, the gene expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) were analyzed by real-time PCR. The synthesized nanoemulsions had good and dose-dependent radical scavenging capacity as observed in the ABTS and DPPH assays (IC50 of about 31.2 and 14.2 µg/mL respectively). Disc diffusion analysis showed that the inhibition zones for S. aureus and K. pneumonia were 3 ± 0.1 and 11 ± 0.9 mm, respectively, which confirmed the antibacterial activity of the nanoemulsions. Also, the anti-angiogenic effect of the nanoemulsions was confirmed by reduced length and number of vessels in the CAM assay and decreased gene expressions of VEGF and VEGF-R in real-time PCR. As the nanoemulsions synthesized by the tincture of C. cyminum L. showed remarkable antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-angiogenic effects, these bio-functional substances can be applied as beneficial agents in food and medical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dried moringa (Moringa oleifera) extract was obtained by solid–liquid extraction from moringa fresh leaves with an ethanolic solution (80%) followed by closed-loop spray drying with N2. This approach avoided the risk of explosion and environmental pollution upon drying. Spray drying was carried out with different inlet-outlet temperatures. Maltodextrin DE-10, β-cyclodextrin and precipitated silica were used as carrier materials. The highest statistically validated (p < 0.05) retentions (93% total phenolics and 48% ascorbic acid, 71% DPPH and 92% ABTS) were obtained with maltodextrin DE-10. The highest retentions of total carotenoids (72%) were obtained with precipitated silica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Armenian flora is stood out by the variety of its medicinal and edible plants. Here small plants as well as trees and shrubs are met. Cotinus coggygria of Armenian flora is used in folk medicine. The aim of this investigation was to determine the chemical composition of Armenian flora’s smoke trees leaves’ essential oil and antiradical activity of ethanol extract of leaves and branches of smoke tree. Methods: The aerial parts were extracted by hydrodistillation method, and the composition was analyzed by gas chromatograph interfaced to a mass spectrometer. Antiradical activity of essential oil from leaves and branches was determined by using appropriate methods. Results: The total amount of flavonoids has been determined in the leaves of the smoke tree by miricetin. This analysis revealed that the flavonoid amount in ethanol extract of C. coggygria, growing in Armenia, was 0,94%. In volatile oil of Smoke tree leaves 22 compounds were determined. The results demonstrated that in the essential oil of leaves of Cotinus from Armenian flora predominated Germacrene D, Linalool, formate, ά –Terpineol sesquiterpenes and diterpene alcohol Thunbergol. Ethanol extracts of leaves and branches of Smoke tree showed antioxidant activity. Conclusion: From the results, it is evident that C. coggygria from Armenia flora contains various bioactive compounds and the extracts of leaves pronounced higher antioxidant activity and recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]