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Plant-pollinator interactions represent a crucial ecosystem function threatened by anthropogenic landscape changes. Disturbances that reduce plant diversity are associated with floral resource and pollinator declines. Establishing wildflower plantings is a major conservation strategy targeting pollinators, the success of which depends on long-term persistence of seeded floral communities. However, most pollinator-oriented seeding projects are monitored for a few years, making it difficult to evaluate the longevity of such interventions. Selecting plant species to provide pollinators diverse arrays of floral resources throughout their activity season is often limited by budgetary constraints and other conservation priorities. To evaluate the long-term persistence of prairie vegetation seeded to support pollinators, we sowed wildflower seed mixes into plots on a degraded reclaimed strip-mine landscape in central Ohio, USA. We examined how pollinator habitat quality, measured as floral abundance and diversity, changed over 10 years (2009-2019) in the absence of management, over the course of the blooming season within each year, and across three seed mixes containing different numbers and combinations of flowering plant species. Seeded species floral abundance declined by more than 75% over the study, with the largest decline occurring between the fifth and seventh summers. Native and non-native adventive flowering plants quickly colonized the plots and represented >50% of floral community abundances on average. Floral richness remained relatively constant throughout the study, with a small peak one year after plot establishment. Plots seeded with High-Diversity Mixes averaged two or three more species per plot compared with a Low-Diversity Mix, despite having been seeded with twice as many plant species. Within years, the abundance and diversity of seeded species were lowest early in the blooming season and increased monotonically from June to August. Adventive species exhibited the opposite trend, such that complementary abundance patterns of seeded and adventive species blooms resulted in a relatively constant floral abundance across the growing season. Seeded plant communities followed classic successional patterns in which annual species quickly established and flowered but were replaced by perennial species after the first few summers. Long-term data on establishment and persistence of flower species can guide species selection for future-oriented pollinator habitat restorations.

During floristic research in 2017–2020 in the Emirate of Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), we made new findings that complement the species composition of the flora of vascular plants in the territory of the Emirate and the UAE as a whole. The article provides data on 7 new ergasiophytes and ergasiophygophytes, alien to the Emirate of Fujairah: Asystasia gangetica T. Andersson (Acanthaceae) found growing wild in Dibba, A.gangetica subsp. micrantha (Nees) Y. F. Deng et N. H. Xia (Acanthaceae), as a weed in the nurseries of Dibba, Rul Dadna and Al Bidiya, Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Apiaceae), as a weed in Dibba town, Basella alba L. (Basellaceae) cultivated and becomes wild in Dibba town, Citrus ×limon (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) cultivated and often found growing wild in Dibba, the village of Sharm and other settlements of the Emirate, Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. cultivated and becomes wild in Dibba, Rul Dadna, Al Bidiya and other places, and M. paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae) cultivated and becomes wild in plant nurseries in Dibba and Al Bidiya. Asystasia gangetica, A.micrantha, and Centella asiatica are new alien species for Fujairah Emirate and the UAE, and Basella nigra, Murraya koenigii and M. paniculata are new also for Arabia as a whole. A brief history of the study of the flora of the UAE and a preliminary summary of its species diversity are also given., В ходе флористических исследований в 2017–2020 гг. в эмирате Фуджейра в Объединённых Арабских Эмиратах (ОАЭ) нами были сделаны новые находки, дополняющие видовой состав флоры сосудистых растений территории эмирата и ОАЭ в целом. В статье приводятся данные по 7 новым чужеродным для эмирата Фуджейра видам-эргазиофитам и эргазиофигофитам Asystasia gangeticaT.Andersson (Acanthaceae) (найден одичавшим в г. Дибба), A. micrantha (Nees) Y. F. Deng et N. H. Xia (Acanthaceae) (сорное в питомниках г. Диббы, Рул Дадны и Аль Бидии), Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Apiaceae) (сорное в г. Дибба), Basella alba L. (Basellaceae) (одичавшее в г. Дибба), Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) (часто встречается одичавшим в Диббе, Шарме и др. населённых пунктах эмирата), Murrayakoenigii (L.) Spreng. (дичает в Диббе, Рул Дадне, Аль Бидии и др.), M. paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae) (дичает в питомниках Диббы и Аль Бидии). При этом Asystasia gangetica, A. micrantha и Centella asiatica являются новыми чужеродными видами для Фуджейры и ОАЭ, а Basella nigra, Murraya koenigii, M. paniculata – также для Аравии в целом. Также приведена краткая история изучения флоры ОАЕ и предварительная оценка ее видового разнообразия.

Information is given about the finding of Hieracium pilosella L. in the Issyk River valley on the northern slope of the Zailiysky Alatau ridge. The habitat of the species, the composition of the plant community with its participation are described, the data on the population density of the species, the ratio of generative and vegetative individuals are provided. The appearance of this adventive species in the immediate vicinity of Almaty in the last decade is most likely due to the increasing recreational load on this territory., Приводятся сведения о находке Hieracium pilosella L. в долине реки Иссык на северном склоне хребта Заилийский Алатау. Описано местообитание вида, состав растительного сообщества с его участием, представлены данные о плотности популяции вида, соотношении генеративных и вегетативных особей. Появление этого адвентивного вида в ближайших окрестностях г. Алматы в последнее десятилетие связано, скорее всего, с усиливающейся рекреационной нагрузкой на данной территории.

In this study, 56 adventive species have been identified in Khakas flora to date. In terms of the introduction method, xenophytes dominate; this group is composed of 44 species, which is 78.6% of all the adventive species under study. The ergasiophyte group consists of 12 species (21.4%). According to the naturalization degree, we identified three groups: epecophytes, agriophytes, and ephemerophytes. The epecophyte group is in the lead and consists of 21 species (37.5%). The agriophytes are represented by 19 invasive species (33.9%). The ephemerophyte group is composed of 16 species (28.6%). Thus, the ratios of the synanthropic-plant groups defined according to the introduction method and naturalization degree indicate that most of these adventive plants have been introduced unintentionally and successfully established themselves on a territory new to them. The adventive fraction of natural ecosystems in Khakas flora contains 20 species included in the report “The Black Book of the Flora of Siberia” [1].

The parameters of the undergrowth in the forbs and berry groups of pine forest types in 9 parks in Yekaterinburg and areas of natural forest have been investigated. Data on the species composition, density, and distribution by groups of heights of plants that make up the undergrowth collected. It has been established that the transformation of the undergrowth by an urbanized environment neutralizes the influence of the growing conditions of the considered forest types on it. In the forest-park zone, an increase in the density of the undergrowth is observed in comparison with the natural forest. The specificity of the forest park undergrowth is the floristic contamination with adventive species, the number of which is close to 50% of the total number of undergrowth species. The coefficient of floristic similarity of the undergrowth, according to the Sorensen coefficient between forest parks and a site of natural forest, was 0.26-0.46. In quantitative terms, the self-seeding of adventive species in the undergrowth is less than that of native plants. The invasive activity of ash-leaved maple in city parks and its dynamics over a 10-year period are considered, using the example of one of the parks.

В статье приводится краткий анализ синантропной флоры особо охраняемой природной территории федерального значения «Ботанический сад Южного федерального университета». Синантропная флора насчитывает 394 вида семенных растений из 76 семейств и 249 родов. Во флоре представлены как апофитные (235 таксонов), т ак и а двентивные ( 159 таксонов) виды. Коэффициент синантропизации флоры составляет 48,8%., The article provides a brief analysis of the synanthropic flora of a specially protected natural area of federal significance «The Botanical Garden of the Southern Federal University». The synanthropic flora includes 394 species of seed plants from 76 families and 249 genera. The flora includes both apophytic (235 taxa) and adventive (159 taxa) species. The coefficient of synanthropization flora is 48.8%.

New species have been reported for the Novosibirsk Region: ergasiophytes Calendula officinalis L., Dianthus barbatus L., Euonymus verrucosus Scop., Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L., Solidago gigantea Ait., Ulmus pumila L., as well as Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene found on the border of the range. New sites of ergasiophytes of Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl., Digitalis grandiflora Mill., Echinops sphaerocephalus L., Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana (L.) Boiss., Rubus odoratus L., Rudbeckia hirta L., Ribes aureum Pursh, Ulmus laevis Pall. and xenophyte Euphorbia helioscopia L. were noted. Trapa natans L. populations were confirmed in the region. In the city of Novosibirsk, an arbitrary settlement of Anemone caerulea L. introduced into the culture here was noted.&nbsp, Сообщается о новых для Новосибирской области видах: эргазиофитах Calendula officinalis L., Dianthus barbatus L., Euonymus verrucosus Scop., Lamium galeobdolon (L.) L., Solidago gigantea Ait., Ulmus pumila L., а также Lappula redowskii (Hornem.) Greene, обнаруженном на границе ареала. Отмечены новые местонахождения редко встречающихся в Новосибирской области эргазиофитов Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl., Digitalis grandiflora Mill., Echinops sphaerocephalus L., Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana (L.) Boiss., Rubus odoratus L., Rudbeckia hirta L., Ribes aureum Pursh, Ulmus laevis Pall. и ксенофита Euphorbia helioscopia L. Подтверждено наличие популяции Trapa natans L. на территории области. В г. Новосибирске отмечено произвольное расселение введенного здесь в культуру Anemone caerulea L.

Specimens of an ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus monographus (Fabricius), were found infesting oak trees in California. This is the first record of this species established in North America. Based on collection information, this species most likely has been established in the Napa County area for several years. A modified key to Xyleborus in North America, and diagnosis of the species is provided.

Originally from eastern Asia, the giant resin bee, Megachile sculpturalis (Smith), was accidentally introduced into the United States in the 1990s. It is considered an adventive (not native and usually not established) species and is present in most states in the eastern US. Although these bees can be found on various plants, they typically prefer plants that have been introduced from their native area. Some have observed that when collecting pollen or nectar, Megachile sculpturalis will damage local flora, making it unusable to future bee visitors. However, evidence has shown that, although an adventive species, Megachile sculpturalis is thought to be a pollinator of a native and federally threatened plant, the Apios Pricenana.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1258 Also available on the Featured Creatures website: http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/MISC/BEES/Giant_resin.html

Synopsis of adventive species of Coleoptera (Insecta) recorded from Canada. Part 5: Chrysomeloidea (Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, and Megalopodidae)

The study is devoted to adventive macrophyte Lemna gibba L. (duckweed) adaptive reactions to pollution of water by heavy metals. Under the high technogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems, some invasive species quickly spread and crowd out of native flora. In this regard, studies of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of these species tolerance, contributing to their successful resettlement are of particular importance. The results of two years of research (July 2016–2017) on the study of accumulative abilities in relation to heavy metals (nickel, copper, zinc, manganese and iron) and some morphophysiological parameters of L. gibba – one of the adventive flora representatives of the Middle Urals is presented. Plant material and surface water samples were taken from two water bodies of the Sverdlovsk region, differing in levels of technogenic impact: the Iset River (Aramil town) and its tributary the Sysert River (Dvurechensk town). It was found that Cu, Ni and Mn concentration in the Iset River were on average 1.5 times and Zn – 4.0 times higher than that in the Sysert River. It was shown that the fronds of the studied macrophyte from the habitat with an increased water pollution (the Iset River) were distinguished by a more significant accumulation of metals, larger mesophyll cells, a higher content of photosynthetic pigments and increased activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes compared to plants from the water body with a lower level of pollution (the Sysert River). It is concluded that the physiological and biochemical adaptations revealed in L. gibba increase its competitiveness and play an important role in the development of new territories, including technologically disturbed ones.

[∗Holarctic species, †adventive species, ‡species of uncertain distribution status—adventive in Canada or Holarctic, species without marks are native; numbers in brackets indicate number of species per taxon]

The article presents the results of study of floristic structure and productivity of the dry meadows preserved in the ravine and gully system in the Zmiiv District of the Kharkiv Region. The research was carried out at the model sites with floral composition and features of use typical for the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It was established that the total phytocenosis productivity depends on the phytomass fluctuations of two main groups of plants, forbs and grasses. The flora of the studied meadows includes at least 87 vascular plant species. The ten main families altogether number 70 species (80.5 % of the species composition). The families Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl (23 species, 26.4 %), Fabaceae Lindl. (11 species, 12.6 %) and Poaceae Barnhart (8 species, 9.2 %) are presented best. This ratio of families is characteristic of herbaceous phytocenoses of the Holarctic floristic realm. The Poaceae family plays the leading role in the formation of meadow phytocenoses, since its members often dominate the main meadow formations. Analysis of the flora ecomorph spectrum revealed prevalence of a xerophilous group that includes meadow, meadow-steppe and steppe species. The obtained data indicate a rather significant xerophytization of the study area, which is typical for the growing conditions of the dry meadows located on the watersheds with atmospheric type of humidification only. Perennial herbaceous meadow-steppe and some ruderal species prevailed in the life form spectrum (77.0 %), which is characteristic of the meadow flora of the Kharkiv Region. Annual segetal weeds, introduced from neighboring fields, contribute significantly to the meadow flora (17.2 %), in particular, such adventive species as Ambrosia artemisifolia L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., and Cyclachaen axanthifolia (Nutt.) Fresen. The research of phytocenose productivity showed that the Poaceae proportion in the meadows with high productivity is usually about 35‒40 %. In the meadows with low productivity, it can exceed 50 % that is explained by the leading role of the family Poaceae in the formation of meadow phytocenoses under high xerophytization of the vegetation cover.

The problem of urbanization lies in increasing of the number of adventive species, which leads to a decrease of the share of aboriginal ones. The study of alien species is of great practical importance, since most of them are weed crops, poisonous plants and species with high invasive capacity. The study of the flora of floodplain communities was conducted by traditional route and reconnoitring methods. A herbarium collection of vascular plants has been prepared during the field research. According to the obtained results, the share of the adventive flora fraction of Lutsk city comprises 121 species of vascular plants (88,3 % of the total number of adventive species of the studied territories), belonging to 3 classes; 26 orders; 33 families and 91 genera. The leading place in the taxonomic hierarchy belongs to the Magnoliosida class (126 taxa or 92,71 %). The family Asteraceae is characterized by the richest species diversity – 33 species (26,19 %). The second and third places belong to Fabaceae and Lamiaceae respectively (12 species or 9,52 % and 11 species, 8,73 % respectively). Twenty-three families of Magnoliosida (or 74,19 %) in the studied cenoflora are represented by only single species and monotypic genera form 25,25 %. The river flood plains of Lutsk city form a powerful center of concentration of adventive plants (45,50 % of the total number of species); several families predominate in the systematic structure of the adventive cenoflora of the flood plains, most of which are represented by single species; the prevalence of archeophytes is observed. The structure of the adventive cenoflora is dominated by Eurasian (31 species, 25,6 %), Holarctic (23 species, 19 %), cosmopolitan (8 species, 6 %) and Euro-Asiatic-North African and North American species (6 species each, 4,9 % respectively). The most abundant groups according to the moisture regime are xeromesophytes – 49 species (40,5 %) and mesophytes – 43 species (35,5 %). As for the light regime the most numerous are heliophytes – 59 species (48,7 %) and scioheliophytes – 45 species (37,1 %). The ratio of trees to herbaceous plants is 1: 13.7. Regarding the ways of seed dispersal the most numerous groups in the adventive fraction are: anemochores, endozoochores, barochores and zoochores. The alien species are intensively introduced and naturalized into the regional flora and are becoming its integral component. Knowledge of the species composition of the adventive fraction of the flood plain flora of Lutsk city and its suburbs, biological and cenotic features of these species, their migratory opportunities and naturalization ability will help to clarify the trends in the development of flood plain cenofloras, as well as preserving their unique ecosystem functions.

Впервые cоставлен конспект адвентивной флоры Новосибирской области, насчитывающий 305 видов. 34 из них проявляют себя в качестве инвазивных. Показаны экологическая приуроченность видов, распространение по административным районам, отмечены способ заноса и степень натурализации на территории области. Критически обработаны коллекции Центрального сибирского ботанического сада, расширено представление о распространении 74 видов, 19 из которых являются редко встречающимися в области чужеземными видами., For the first time synopsis of 305 alien species of the Novosibirsk Region has been completed, 34 of them are invasive ones. Ecological features, distribution in administrative regions are shown, the method of introduction and the degree of naturalization in the region are noted. The collections of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden were critically processed; the distribution of 74 species was specified, 19 of them are rare for the region.

Проведен анализ адвентивных видов окрестностей населенного пункта Башкирского Предуралья. Участие заносных видов во флоре 23,5, что определяет степень ее адвентизации. Виды проанализированы по времени и способу иммиграции, по степени натурализации. Из флорогенетического спектра очевидно преобладание видов южного происхождения (иранотуранских, средиземноморских). Преобладают две жизненные формы терофиты (65,6) и гемикриптофиты (27,1), высокий уровень терофитизации указывает на нарушенность изученной территории. Из числа адвентов выделено 27 агрессивных инвазивных видов, входящих в Черный список флоры Республики Башкортостан., The analysis of adventive species of the surroundings of the settlement of the Bashkir CisUrals is carried out. The participation of alien species in the fl ora is 23.5, which determines the degree of adventization. Species are analyzed by time and method of immigration, by the degree of naturalization. From the phlorogenetic spectrum, the predominance of species of southern origin (IranianTuranian, Mediterranean) is obvious. Two life forms predominate therophytes (65.6) and hemicryptophytes (27.1), a high level of thermophytization indicates the disturbance of the studied territory. Of the adventive groups, 27 invasive invasive species are included in the Black List of the fl ora of the Republic of Bashkortostan., №10(136) (2019)

As part of ongoing surveys for native bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) across the Hawaiian Islands, we undertook targeted sampling at Pu’u Wa’awa’a Experimental Forest Unit, North Kona, on the northwestern part of Hawai‘i Island during February to April of 2018 and 2019. This is one of the few areas containing remaining native dry forest on the leeward, dry side of the island. Our sampling revealed the presence of seven species of bark beetles not previously recorded from Pu’u Wa’awa’a. These included two native and endemic Hawaiian species belonging to the genus Xyleborus Eichhoff (tribe Xyleborini). The other five species are the exotic Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867), or the coffee berry borer, belonging to the tribe Cryphalini, which is a serious pest of coffee in the Hawaiian Islands, and four widespread adventive species belonging to the tribe Xyleborini, including Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius, 1801), whose frass has been demonstrated to be able to contain a fungus that is a causative agent of the plant disease Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death which currently poses a threat to native ʻōhiʻa lehua trees. These records are presented and discussed in detail, and the newly recorded species are illustrated in colour photographs., Fragmenta Entomologica, Vol. 51 No. 2 (2019)

The results show the effect of water extracts from dry biomass of adventive plant species with high invasive activity from Belarus on the growth of seedlings of test plants. High correlation between the effect of biologically active substances released from the seeds of Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden on various test plants and plant species is discussed. The strong stimulating effect of water extracts on plant species from Cruciferae family is shown. Plant species from Poaceae family are mainly characterized by a neutral reaction to the biologically active substances emitted from H. sosnowskyi seeds. It has been found that water extracts at the concentrations from 0.01 to 0.001 % have a stimulatory effect on the growth and development of test plants, while an inhibitory effect was observed at the concentrations in the range from 1 to 10 %.

Stenopelmus rufinasus, a North American weevil introduced to Europe along with the invasive aquatic fern Azolla filiculoides, has been recorded from Poland for the first time. Its locality is a natural oxbow lake of the River Odra in Wrocław, the only city in Poland where A. filiculoides has been repeatedly recorded over the last dozen years. The diagnostic characters of this weevil species, its biology, current distribution in Europe and its prospects in Poland are discussed.

The presence of 267 vascular plants species from 190 genera, 63 families, 26 orders, 4 classes (Equisetopsida, Polypodiopsida, Pinopsida, Angiospermae) and 3 divisions (Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta, Spermatophyta) was established for Kuznetsov Mountain. The absolute majority of species belong to Spermatophyta (258 species, 96,7%), Angiospermae (257 species, 96,3%), Dicotyledones (228 species, 85,4%). Vascular spore plants are represented by 9 species belonging to 6 genera ( Equisetum , Matteuccia , Athyrium , Cystopteris , Dryopteris , Pteridium ), 5 families (Equisetaceae, Onocleaceae, Woodsiaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae), 2 classes (Equisetopsida, Polypodiopsida) and 2 divisions (Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta). The leading families according the species diversity are Compositae (44 species, 16,5%), Leguminosae (22 species, 8,2%) and Rosaceae (18 species, 6,7%). The leading families according the number of genera are Compositae (29 genera, 15,3%), Rosaceae (14 genera, 7,4%) and Labiatae (13 genera, 6,8%). The largest number of species is concentrated in the genera Trifolium (7 species), Viola , Campanula , Galium and Carex (4 species each). According to the climamorphic system of K. Raunkiaer, hemicryptophytes predominate in the flora (148 species, 55,4%). According to the biomorph system I.G. Serebryakov and T.I. Serebryakova - perennial polycarpic short-stemmed, long-rooted, and rod-root grasses (47,0%) predominate. 76,8% of the species are vegetatively still and immobile.

The Paititi Natural Reserve is located in the southeastern part of the Tandilia mountain range (Buenos Aires province,Argentina). With the aim of recording the floristic richness of Sierra Chica, an untouched area of the reserve, all vascularplants were inventoried and categorized by family, status, and life form. Altogether, 364 taxa from 72 familieswere found, with the most predominant families being Poaceae (20.7%), Asteraceae (20.1%), and Fabaceae (5.8%).We found 95 adventive species, 4 cosmopolitan, and 265 native. The most abundant life forms were hemicryptophytes(33.1%), therophytes (30.6%), and criptophytes (22.6%); the therophytes were mostly represented by adventive species.We also found species that were known from Buenos Aires province but not from mountainous areas. Despitebeing a small area within Argentina, Sierra Chica constitutes a valuable refuge for native flora of the Tandilia mountainrange system, which is in danger of being affected by exotic plants.

Tree ferns are a remarkable group among the lycophytes and ferns. Geographical isolation is suggested as one of the main reasons for local endemism of tree ferns and the island of Sri Lanka has been identified as one of the best demonstration sites to observe this phenomenon. Despite its small size, Sri Lanka has a rich diversity and one of the highest levels of endemism of tree ferns in Asia. Their diversity here is considered as an unique and important gene pool in the world. The present eco-spatial survey is to study the diversity and ecology of tree ferns in Sri Lanka. The study identified nine tree fern species including one new record of an adventive species. The species are Cyathea hookeri, C. sinuata, C. sledgei, C. srilankensis, C. walkerae, C. crinita, C. gigantea, C. australis and Dicksonia antarctica. Of these, the first five species are endemic to Sri Lanka. Dicksonia antarctica and Cyathea australis are exotic and naturalised in forest clearings in Piduruthalagala forest. Cyathea hookeri, C. sinuata, C. sledgei and C. srilankensis are confined to limited populations in lowland rainforests (62-550 m). Cyathea walkerae is distributed in a wide elevational range throughout the wet zone (30-2,300 m), whereas C. crinita shows a restricted distribution pattern at a high altitude range (1,800-2,400 m). In this study C. gigantea was recorded additionally from lowland rain forests, though it was previously reported to be confined to submontane and montane ecosystems. The results of this study provide baseline information on the distributional ecology of Sri Lankan Cyathea species. It will be useful to assess their current conservation status and to formulate conservation guidelines for these remarkable and spectacular ferns so characteristic to Sri Lanka.