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101. Paying Providers

Author

Zweifel, Peter, Breyer, Friedrich, Kifmann, Mathias, Zweifel, Peter, Breyer, Friedrich, and Kifmann, Mathias

Published
2009
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105. Accounting for heterogeneity in the measurement of hospital performance.

Author

Zweifel, Peter and Widmer, Philippe K.

Subjects
STOCHASTIC frontier analysis, COVID-19 pandemic, COST functions, HOSPITAL size, HETEROGENEITY
Abstract

As the Corona pandemic of 2020 has shown, disposing of sufficient hospital capacity is of great importance. Ideally, this capacity should be provided by efficient units, calling for measurement of their performance. However, the standard cost frontier model yields biased efficiency scores because it ignores (often unobserved) heterogeneity between hospitals. In this paper, efficiency scores are derived from a cost function with both random intercept and random slope parameters which overcomes the problem of unobserved heterogeneity in stochastic frontier analysis. Based on an unbalanced panel covering the years 2004 to 2007 and comprising at least 100 Swiss hospitals per year, Bayesian inference points to significant heterogeneity suggesting rejection of the standard cost frontier model. When unobserved heterogeneity is fully accounted for, average estimated inefficiency decreases to 5%, below the 14% (21%, respectively) value reported for a number of European and Middle-Eastern countries (Hollingsworth, 2008; Alawi et al. 2019). Moreover, hospitals rated below 85% efficiency according to the standard model gain up to 12% points. They can provide much needed capacity that otherwise would be discarded on the grounds that they are not sufficiently efficient providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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110. Market socialism and community rating in health insurance

Author

Frech, H.E., III and Zweifel, Peter

Subjects
Pricing -- Analysis, Socialism -- Economic aspects, Markets (Economics) -- Analysis, Health insurance -- Economic aspects, Product price, Business, general, Business, Economics
Abstract

Almost 100 years ago, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek argued that a socialist state could not determine marginal cost prices and therefore could not allocate resources rationally. Oskar Lange and Abba Lerner responded with the market socialist model. Subsequent scholars have refined the model (Leeman, Roemer). Views on market socialism for an entire economy are mixed (Phelps, S h lei fer and Vishny, Roemer). We briefly review the debate. We argue that a form of market socialism exists and is especially important in education, health care, and health insurance. In these sectors, prices are often set or restricted centrally, while many providers are state-owned, nonprofit, or mutual firms. We argue in favor of applying market socialist principles to health care and to health insurance policy. In particular, we show that these principles imply that community rating of health insurance is a source of major inefficiencies and harmful regulatory pressure. We suggest moving in the market socialist direction --toward marginal cost pricing and therefore away from community rating. The desire for universal or expanded coverage can be fulfilled by explicit, politically transparent subsidies paid to consumers who are both poor and high risk. Comparative Economic Studies (2017) 59, 405-427. doi: 10.1057/s41294-0170027-3; published online 9 June 2017 Keywords: health insurance, market socialism, quasi-markets, pricing, community rating, new public management, corporatization JEL Classification: 113, P51, P27, 118, D47, B24, D02, L31, INTRODUCTION The socialist calculation debate began almost 100 years ago when Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek argued that a socialist state could not determine marginal cost prices and therefore [...]

Published
2017
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111. Charging of free-falling test masses in orbit due to cosmic rays: Results from LISA Pathfinder

Author

Armano, Michele, Audley, Heather, Baird, Jonathon, Binétruy, Pierre, Born, Max, Bortoluzzi, Daniele, Castelli, Eleonora, Cavalleri, Antonella, Cesarini, Andrea, Cruise, Adrian M., Danzmann, Karsten, de Deus Silva, Marcus, Diepholz, Ingo, Dixon, Geoffrey, Dolesi, Rita, Ferraioli, Luigi, Ferroni, Valerio, Fitzsimons, Ewan D., Freschi, Marco, Gesa, Lluís, Giardini, Domenico, Mance, Davor, Meshksar, Neda, and Zweifel, Peter

Abstract

A comprehensive summary of the measurements made to characterize test-mass charging due to the space environment during the LISA Pathfinder mission is presented. Measurements of the residual charge of the test mass after release by the grabbing and positioning mechanism show that the initial charge of the test masses was negative after all releases, leaving the test mass with a potential in the range from -12 to -512. Variations in the neutral test-mass charging rate between 21.7 and 30.7 e s-1 were observed over the course of the 17-month science operations produced by cosmic ray flux changes including a Forbush decrease associated with a small solar energetic particle event. A dependence of the cosmic ray charging rate on the test-mass potential between -30.2 and -40.3 e s-1 V-1 was observed resulting in an equilibrium test-mass potential between 670 and 960 mV, and this is attributed to a contribution to charging from low-energy electrons emitted from the gold surfaces of the gravitational reference sensor. Data from the onboard particle detector show a reliable correlation with the charging rate and with other environmental monitors of the cosmic ray flux. This correlation is exploited to extrapolate test-mass charging rates to a 20-year period giving useful insight into the expected range of charging rate that may be observed in the LISA mission., Physical Review D, 107 (6), ISSN:1550-7998, ISSN:0556-2821, ISSN:1550-2368

Published
2023

116. Krankenhausleistungen

Author

Breyer, Friedrich, Zweifel, Peter S., Kifmann, Mathias, Breyer, Friedrich, Zweifel, Peter S., and Kifmann, Mathias

Published
2003
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122. Einleitung

Author

Breyer, Friedrich, Zweifel, Peter S., Kifmann, Mathias, Breyer, Friedrich, Zweifel, Peter S., and Kifmann, Mathias

Published
2003
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127. Der Arzneimittelmarkt

Author

Breyer, Friedrich, Zweifel, Peter S., Kifmann, Mathias, Breyer, Friedrich, Zweifel, Peter S., and Kifmann, Mathias

Published
2003
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146. Einleitung

Author

Breyer, Friedrich, Zweifel, Peter, Breyer, Friedrich, and Zweifel, Peter

Published
1999
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