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Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has recently gained importance in the medical industry, especially in surgical specialties. It uses different techniques and materials based on patients’ needs, which allows bioprofessionals to design and develop unique pieces using medical imaging provided by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, the Department of Biology and Medicine and the Department of Physics and Engineering, at the Bioastronautics and Space Mechatronics Research Group, have managed and supervised an international cooperation study, in order to present a general review of the innovative surgical applications, focused on anatomical systems, such as the nervous and craniofacial system, cardiovascular system, digestive system, genitourinary system, and musculoskeletal system. Finally, the integration with augmented, mixed, virtual reality is analyzed to show the advantages of personalized treatments, taking into account the improvements for preoperative, intraoperative planning, and medical training. Also, this article explores the creation of devices and tools for space surgery to get better outcomes under changing gravity conditions.

Resumen Objetivo Los desórdenes del desarrollo sexual (DDSs) son un grupo de condiciones médicas cuyo manejo implica un enfoque transdisciplinario. En la legislación colombiana, no existe una regulación específica en materia de intervenciones médicas en individuos con DDSs. La Corte Constitucional Colombiana se ha encargado de proferir sentencias, en las cuales se han establecido unos lineamientos y parámetros para el manejo jurídico de los casos de ambigüedad genital.Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, nos proponemos en este artículo exponer y analizar, desde la visión de un grupo transdisciplinario, las sentencias más relevantes que han sido proferidas por la Corte Constitucional Colombiana. Métodos Se realizó una revisión narrativa en las bases de datos de la Corte Constitucional y de la literatura legal. Se recopilaron todas las sentencias disponibles, y se evaluaron lo casos clínicos identificados por el grupo transdisciplinario de DDSs del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Finalmente, los autores generaron por consenso un texto de discusión, como guía para los lectores, luego de analizar cada una de las sentencias y los casos presentados. Resultados Se identificaron 9 sentencias y los antecedentes que llevaron a la elaboración de cada una de ellas. Los nueve casos presentados contienen conceptos importantes para la articulación por parte del grupo transdisciplinario, tales como, autonomía, consentimiento sustituto y asistido, e indicación médica del tratamiento. Se excluyeron las sentencias T-692/99 y la T-918/2012, dado que daban información duplicada con referencia a sentencias incluidas en este documento. Conclusión La Corte Constitucional Colombiana ha proferido sentencias en las cuales no se ha contado con la participación de grupos de expertos. La terminología usada no describe apropiadamente el lenguaje técnico que se aplica al manejo de nuestros pacientes. Para el abordaje de individuos con DDSs, resulta muy importante conocer la relevancia de las sentencias basadas en un análisis individual de cada caso.

Introduction Although there is an increasing experience in the management of transgender individuals, this has not been thoroughly explored in children. The need to establish a comprehensive and transdisciplinary management is of critical importance. In order to solve this issue, we want to report the results of a cohort of individuals with gender dysphoria (GD) seen by our transdisciplinary group from a social and clinical and health access perspective. Methods A 10-year retrospective case series of all patients that had been seen by our transdisciplinary team was reviewed. The main demographic characteristics were described, as well as impact variables in terms of diagnosis and treatment of these individuals. A social description of each individual was described. Frequency, distribution, and central tendency measures were evaluated for data presentation. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 24.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) software was used. Results Four cases of GD were included. Three had male to female dysphoria and one female to male. The median reported age of GD awareness was 6 years old (between 4 and 8 years old), and the median time between GD awareness and the 1st medical evaluation was 7 years for all individuals. The median age at gender role expression was 12 years old (between 10 and 14 years old). All patients had already assumed their experienced gender role before the 1st evaluation by our group. The median age at the 1st evaluation by our group was 13 years old (between 10 and 16 years old); three of the patients were evaluated after initiation of puberty. In the present study, individuals with GD demonstrated having health care access barriers for their transition process. Referral times are high, and individuals with GD are cared after pubertal development, which is related to suboptimal outcomes. The spectrum of GD is broad, and management must be individualized according to expectations. Conclusion Individuals with GD face multiple access barriers that limit their possibility of being seen by a transdisciplinary team. This reflects in longer waiting times that negatively impact medical management. Gender dysphoria is a wide spectrum, and individuals should be evaluated individually by a transdisciplinary team.

Traditional plastics have undoubted utility and convenience for everyday life, but when they are derived from petroleum and are non-biodegradable, they contribute to two major crises today&rsquo, s world is facing: fossil resources depletion and environmental degradation. Polyhydroxyalkanoates are a promising alternative to replace them, being biodegradable and suitable for a wide variety of applications. This biopolymer accumulates as energy and carbon storage material in various microorganisms, including microalgae. This study investigated the influence of glucose, N, P, Fe, and salinity over the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) by Scenedesmus sp., a freshwater microalga strain not previously explored for this purpose. To assess the effect of the variables, a fractional Taguchi experimental design involving 16 experimental runs was planned and executed. Biopolymer was obtained in all the experiments in a wide range of concentrations (0.83&ndash, 29.92%, w/w DW), and identified as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by FTIR analysis. The statistical analysis of the response was carried out using Minitab 16, where phosphorus, glucose, and iron were identified as significant factors, together with the P-Fe and glucose-N interactions. The presence of other relevant macromolecules was also quantified. Doing this, this work contributes to the understanding of the critical factors that control PHA production and present Scenedesmus sp. as a promising species to produce bio-resources in commercial systems.

AIMS Photovaporization of the prostate (PVP) with GreenLight Laser is a surgical treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms. It is considered safe in elderly patients with comorbidities, however, the evidence is inconclusive. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety outcomes of PVP according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASAPS). METHODS A cohort of 675 patients who underwent PVP between 2012 and 2018 was evaluated. Patients were classified according to their ASAPS as low (I and II) and high risk (III and IV). Surgical characteristics and improvement of symptoms and Quality of Life (QoL) were evaluated. RESULTS The median age of high-risk group was higher than low-risk group. The high-risk group had more history of anticoagulation, antiaggregation, urinary catheterization, urinary retention and urethral stricture. Longer times of hospitalization (23.7 [interquartile range {IQR} = 18.9-41.35] vs 21.8 hours [IQR = 18.7-26.6], P = .008) and catheterization (19.55 [IQR = 15.6-35.57] vs 17.67 hours [IQR = 14.76-22.5], P = .004) were found in the high-risk group. Conversion and bleeding control were not different between groups. In the follow-up, improvement of International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) and QoL was significant in all patients when compared before and after surgery scores (P

Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions are widely related to climate change, triggering several environmental problems of global concern and producing environmental, social, and economic negative impacts. Therefore, global research seeks to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, the use of wastes under a circular economy scheme generates subproducts from the range of high to medium-value, representing a way to help sustainable development. Therefore, the use of wastewater as a culture medium to grow microalgae strains that biocapture environmental CO2, is a proposal with high potential to reduce the GHG presence in the environment. In this work, Scenedesmus sp. was cultivated using BG-11 medium and industrial wastewater (IWW) as a culture medium with three different CO2 concentrations, 0.03%, 10%, and 20% to determine their CO2 biocapture potential. Furthermore, the concomitant removal of COD, nitrates, and total phosphorus in wastewater was evaluated. Scenedesmus sp. achieves a biomass concentration of 1.9 g L-1 when is grown in BG-11 medium, 0.69 g L-1 when is grown in a combination of BG-11 medium and 25% of industrial wastewater; both cases with 20% CO2 supplied. The maximum CO2 removal efficiency (8.4%, 446±150 mg CO2 L-1 day-1) was obtained with 10% CO2 supplied and using a combination of BG-11 medium and 50 % IWW (T2). Also, the highest removal of COD was reached with a combination of BG-11 medium and T2 with a supply of 20% CO2 (82% of COD removal). Besides, the highest nitrates removal was achieved with a combination of BG-11 medium and 75% IWW (T3) with a supply of 10% CO2 (42% of nitrates removal) and the maximum TP removal was performed with the combination of BG-11 medium and 25% IWW (T1) with a supply of 10% CO2 (67% of TP removal). These results indicate that industrial wastewater can be used as a culture media for microalgae growth and CO2 biocapture can be performed as concomitant processes.

Porphyridium purpureum is a well-known Rhodophyta that recently has attracted enormous attention because of its capacity to produce many high-value metabolites such as the pigment phycoerythrin and several high-value fatty acids. Phycoerythrin is a fluorescent red protein-pigment commercially relevant with antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, and fluorescent properties. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) was kept constant within the different scaling-up stages in the present study. This scaling-up strategy was sought to maintain phycoerythrin production and other high-value metabolites by Porphyridium purpureum, using hanging-bag photobioreactors. The kLa was monitored to ensure the appropriate mixing and CO2 diffusion in the entire culture during the scaling process (16, 80, and 400 L). Then, biomass concentration, proteins, fatty acids, carbohydrates, and phycoerythrin were determined in each step of the scaling-up process. The kLa at 16 L reached a level of 0.0052 s−1, while at 80 L, a value of 0.0024 s−1 was achieved. This work result indicated that at 400 L, 1.22 g L−1 of biomass was obtained, and total carbohydrates (117.24 mg L−1), proteins (240.63 mg L−1), and lipids (17.75% DW) were accumulated. Regarding fatty acids production, 46.03% palmitic, 8.03% linoleic, 22.67% arachidonic, and 2.55% eicosapentaenoic acid were identified, principally. The phycoerythrin production was 20.88 mg L−1 with a purity of 2.75, making it viable for food-related applications. The results of these experiments provide insight into the high-scale production of phycoerythrin via the cultivation of P. purpureum in an inexpensive and straightforward culture system.

Background The role of lung ultrasound (LUS) in evaluating the mid- and long-term prognoses of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia is not yet known. The objectives of this study were to evaluate associations between LUS signs at the time of screening and clinical outcomes 1 month after LUS and to assess LUS signs at the time of presentation with known risk factors for COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods This was a retrospective study of data prospectively collected 1 month after LUS screening of 447 adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. Sonographic examination was performed in screening tents with the participants seated. The LUS signs (B-lines > 2, coalescent B-lines, and subpleural consolidations) were captured in six areas of each hemithorax and a LUS aeration score was calculated; in addition, the categories of disease probability based on patterns of LUS findings (high-probability, intermediate-probability, alternate, and low-probability patterns) were evaluated. The LUS signs at patients’ initial evaluation were related to the following outcomes: symptomatology, the need for hospitalization or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and COVID-19-related death. Results According to the evaluations performed 1 month after LUS screening, 36 patients were hospitalised, eight of whom required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and three of whom died. The presence of coalescent B-lines was associated with the need for hospitalization (p = 0.008). The presence of subpleural consolidations was associated with dyspnoea (p p = 0.003), the need for hospitalization (p p p = 0.002). A higher aeration score was associated with dyspnoea (p p p p = 0.003). In addition, patients with a high-probability LUS pattern had a higher aeration score (p p = 0.024) and more often required hospitalization (p p = 0.031). Conclusions In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, LUS signs were related to respiratory symptoms 1 month after LUS screening. Strong relationships were identified between LUS signs and the need for hospitalization and death.

Objectives: To estimate typologies of Intimate Partner Violence against women in some Latin-American countries.Methods: Multistage sampling survey included women aged 15 to 49 (n = 63,321). Latent class analysis was estimated, including psychological, physical, and sexual violence and control.Results: The three-class model had a better fit. 1) The high-level IPV class (23%) comprised those suffering high levels of violence. They had higher education and wealth index, lived in urban settings, and their husbands used alcohol more. 2) The middle-level IPV class (45%) suffered high levels of control but low levels of other violence. They justified IPV more than other classes and this group had a high proportion of women without education. 3) Women in the non-IPV class (32%) did not report IPV.Conclusion: Three typologies of IPV were found: high-level, middle-level, and non-IPV. Policies should create screening, early prevention strategies, and programs based on these typologies. The high-level IPV group can benefit from intense legal and mental health interventions, including alcohol reduction and women’s empowerment. The middle-level IPV group could benefit from interventions to reduce violence justification and increase women’s education.

AIM To determine the prevalence of nocturia and associated risk factors in the Colombian population aged ≥18 years old. METHODS This is a cross-sectional population-based study conducted in 1060 participants in Colombia. Nocturia was assessed with the Spanish version of the ICIQ-OAB, using the ICS terminology. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate nocturia prevalence. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the association of nocturia with predefined variables. RESULTS The prevalence of nocturia was 55.9% and it was more common in women than men (53.96% vs. 46.04%; p = .004). At least three episodes of nocturia were observed in 20.37% of the participants who had a severe alteration in their quality of life (p

Climate change is a shift in the average weather patterns, which could stand for a long-term period. This phenomenon is related to greenhouse gas emissions generated by anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic activities. The most notable climate change effects are the rise of sea levels, changes in the water pH, apparition or increased transmission of diseases, changes in the water cycle, loss of marine ecosystems, and several negative impacts on human health. Due to the adverse effects occasioned by climate change, global initiatives have been taken to mitigate its impact, one of these is the reduction of greenhouse gases such as CO2. Some microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria and microalgae can capture CO2 and use it as a carbon source for growth. The outstanding CO2 bio-capture or CO2 phycocapture capacity shown by microalgae make them excellent candidates for reduction of atmospheric CO2 in cities. CO2 phyco-capture equivalent CO2 emissions in Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) was determined as a case study, considering greenhouse gas emissions in this city. It was estimated that 94,847 tons of microalgae biomass must be produced daily to equal the amount of CO2 emissions (170,726 CO2-eq per day), thus obtaining a zero balance of emissions. For the above, CO2 phyco-capture implementation can be possible in cities and also in open spaces and that even its production can work as the carbon credits nowadays implemented, the space required, and the high capture rate led us to consider that the microalgae production on a larger scale may have a faster effect on the concentration of CO2 globally, which can help with greater urgency to the aims established by 2030., The authors would like to acknowledge the funding provided by Tecnologico de Monterrey through the Bioprocess Research Chair (0020209I13). This work was partially supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) Mexico, under Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI) program awarded to Hafiz M.N. Iqbal (CVU: 735340) and Roberto Parra-Saldivar (CVU: 35753).

The presence of pharmaceutical residues in urban and non-urban water is a reflection of the continuous growth of an essential industry, whose residues are often released into the environment throughout the manufacturing processes of commercial drugs, and by the human and veterinarian consumption of these products. Pharmaceutical residues are currently classified as emerging contaminants, and their documented occurrence in waters has rocketed since recent discoveries have demonstrated a series of toxicological and ecotoxicological effects associated with the interaction with these molecules. Moreover, several complications have been identified in the instrumental techniques traditionally used for their detection, although their remarkable analytical characteristics, deriving in the absence of response when these emerging contaminants are present at low concentrations in aquatic matrices. Microfluidic analytical platforms are practical, portable, and low-cost solutions that have been successfully used for the screening of pharmaceuticals in environmental matrices in situ. In this short review, various essential aspects of these technologies were presented. Additionally, recent approaches for water analysis using different types of microfluidic technologies for detecting drugs were exposed, finding a promising potential on the exploiting of the features offered by these platforms for this particular application., The work is part of the project entitled “Contaminantes emergentes y prioritarios en las aguas reutilizadas en agricultura: riesgos y efectos en suelos, producción agrícola y entorno ambiental” funded by CSIC-Tecnológico de Monterrey under i-Link ​+ ​program (LINKB20030). All listed authors are also grateful to their representative universities/institutes for providing literature facilities.

Curso de Especial Interés El conflicto armado en Colombia ha sido una problemática preocupante a lo largo de la historia, esto debido a que no se ha encontrado una solución estable. Por ello, este trabajo tiene como objetivo diseñar un cuestionario para perfilar el homicida violento dentro del conflicto armado colombiano, este consta de 2 apartados que facilitan la investigación y el perfilamiento. Se evidencia una gran necesidad de este cuestionario para poder disminuir la tasa de mortalidad por esta causal dentro del territorio nacional. Pregrado Psicólogo Resumen 1. Planteamiento del problema 2. Justificación 3. Marco teórico 4. Marco Legal 5. Marco Ético 6. Objetivos 7. Resultados Discusión Bibliografía Anexos

Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions are widely related to climate change, triggering several environmental problems of global concern and producing environmental, social, and economic negative impacts. Therefore, global research seeks to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, the use of wastes under a circular economy scheme generates subproducts from the range of high to medium-value, representing a way to help sustainable development. Therefore, the use of wastewater as a culture medium to grow microalgae strains that biocapture environmental CO

El presente documento tiene como propósito desarrollar una propuesta de plan de marketing digital para la empresa comercializadora de productos químicos, Atoquim, con el fin de identificar estrategias que se puedan llevar a cabo en el contenido de las redes sociales de la empresa, para así atraer nuevos clientes y fidelizar a los que ya se tienen, para alcanzar dicho propósito se realizó un análisis del entorno interno y externo de la empresa, y con la ayuda de las matrices MEFI, MEFE Y DOFA se definieron las estrategias que se llevarían a cabo, para el diseño del contenido de las redes sociales se determinó utilizar el Inbound marketing, metodología de atracción de clientes basada en generar valor a través de las publicaciones. Para el desarrollo del estudio se implementó una investigación transaccional no experimental con enfoque cualitativo, las fuentes que se utilizaron en la investigación fueron primarias, información obtenida por mi conocimiento y antigüedad en la empresa, con el debido acompañamiento de la gerente, además para la metodología del plan de marketing digital se utilizaron fuentes secundarias de libros físicos, artículos y páginas de internet. En el desarrollo del trabajo se efectuó una investigación en los medios digitales de la competencia en este caso a Perfuquímicos, Gamaquim y Senthia, y se realizó una comparación con los de Atoquim para identificar y describir como se encuentra las redes sociales de la empresa frente a la competencia. Se presentaron varias propuestas de contenido para llevar a cabo en las redes sociales de Atoquim, cada propuesta va acompañada de una descripción y un prototipo real de cómo se vería ya subida en la red social cada una de las publicaciones, en el plan de acción se determinó realizar un cronograma semanal de contenido para adquirir disciplina y enfocarnos en las tareas diarias, aumentando así el nivel de compromiso con los clientes y finalmente se describieron las herramientas de monitoreo que se utilizarían para medir los resultados del plan de marketing digital The purpose of this document is to develop a proposal for a digital marketing plan for the chemical marketing company, Atoquim, in order to identify strategies that can be carried out in the content of the company's social networks, in order to attract new customers and loyalty to those who already have, to achieve this purpose, an analysis of the internal and external environment of the company was carried out, and with the help of the MEFI, MEFE and DOFA matrices, the strategies that would be carried out were defined, for the design of the content of social networks, it was determined to use Inbound Marketing, a methodology to attract customers based on generating value through publications. For the development of the study, a non-experimental transactional research with a qualitative approach was implemented, the sources used in the research were primary, information obtained by my knowledge and seniority in the company, with the due accompaniment of the manager, also for the methodology secondary sources of physical books, articles and Internet pages were used in the digital marketing plan. In the development of the work, an investigation was carried out in the digital media of the competition in this case to Perfuquímicos, Gamaquim and Senthia, and a comparison was made with those of Atoquim to identify and describe how the company's social networks are compared to competition. Various content proposals were presented to be carried out on the Atoquim social networks, each proposal is accompanied by a description and a real prototype of how each of the publications would already be uploaded on the social network, in the action plan it was He determined to carry out a weekly content schedule to acquire discipline and focus on daily tasks, thus increasing the level of commitment to customers and finally the monitoring tools that would be used to measure the results of the digital marketing plan were described Pasantía Institucional (Administradora de Empresas)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2020 Pregrado Administrador(a) de Empresas

A 69-year-old patient who underwent photovaporization of the prostate (PVP) with GreenLightTM Laser presented chronic abdominal pain, in the following and after 7 months, an abdominal MRI showed a bladder mass and the cystoscopy revealed an 8 cm of diameter grayish mass of the anterior wall and the dome. Malignancy, infectious, and granulomatous diseases were ruled out. Biopsy showed necrotic tissue and dystrophic calcification (DC) with crystals and Gram-positive cocci, so a transurethral resection was intended failed due to the mass hard consistency and size. The patient was taken to partial cystectomy and the pain resolved. DC is defined as inappropriate deposits of calcium phosphate salts in previously damaged tissue by different forms of trauma: burns, radiotherapy, and surgery. We suggest the DC process is linked to a previous thermal lesion of the bladder during PVP and believe future studies of association can be relevant.

Tuberculosis continues to be one of the main causes of death worldwide with around 10 million people infected annually, which is a direct problem for public health. Data that has accumulated over decades suggests that variability in human susceptibility to tuberculosis disease has a strong genetic component. Both primary and acquired immunodeficiencies (PID) are strongly related to broad infectious phenotypes that include the full range of diseases caused by the infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Recently it was found that a PID found in up to 1/600 individuals of European descent, in fact a variant was found that affects the catalytic activity of TYK2 therefore selectively alters the immunity to IFN-g mediated by IL-23 while the responses to IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-a / b are intact. These PIDs are only expressed symptomatically after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, we hypothesize that homozygous for the P1104A variant or compound heterozygosity in this same TYK2 gene can confer a selective response, thus predisposing to TB. This study intends to 1. Identify the variant P1104A of the TYK2 gene in Colombian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 2. Identify other rare or common variants in the TYK2 gene in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 3. Correlating data from the Colombian population with what has been found in other populations.

Ilustraciones, gráficos Luego de la aparición y expansión mundial del Covid-19 durante el año 2020, y de todos los cambios a nivel cultural, socioeconómico y educativo que este virus ha generado, los colegios colombianos se vieron en la necesidad de volcar rápidamente su plan de enseñanza hacia la virtualidad en un contexto con deficiente acceso a internet, escazas herramientas tecnológicas y profesores y estudiantes poco capacitados en el uso de herramientas digitales. El presente documento propone una estrategia de educación virtual basada en marcos ágiles tradicionalmente usados en la industria del desarrollo de software, prácticas de gamificación y aplicaciones gratuitas de comunicación y trabajo colaborativo, que faciliten la creación de planes de enseñanza para el grado tercero de primaria del Colegio Fe y Alegría La Paz en la ciudad de Manizales. After the appearance and worldwide expansion of Covid-19 during 2020, and all the changes at the cultural, socioeconomic and educational level that this virus has generated, Colombian schools found necessary to quickly switch their teaching plan towards virtuality in a context with poor internet access, scarce technological tools and teachers and students with little training in the use of digital tools. This document proposes a virtual education strategy based on agile frameworks traditionally used in the software development industry, gamification practices and free communication and collaborative work applications, which facilitate the creation of teaching plans for the third grade of elementary school of the Fe y Alegría La Paz School in the city of Manizales. Especialización Especialista en Gerencia y Tecnologías de Información

Bisutoa Accesorios S.A.S surge en el año 2018 debido a un gusto en común que teníamos cuatro compañeras y amigas de la Universidad Santo Tomás (Sara Galeano, Lina Erazo, Laura Zuluaga y Alejandra Forero) por la moda, las tendencias y en especial, por los accesorios y la bisutería; tras esta afinidad nace este emprendimiento que busca ofrecerle al público el diseño, producción y venta de accesorios con un factor innovador, el cual está integrado por medio de las inteligencias múltiples, concepto que se desarrollará a lo largo del texto; relacionándolo con la comunicación, carrera que nos unió en este proyecto de vida. Bisutoa Accesorios S.A.S arises in 2018 due to a common taste that we had four companions of the Santo Tomás University (Sara Galeano, Lina Erazo, Laura Zuluaga and Alejandra Forero) for fashion, trends and especially for accessories and jewelry; After this affinity this venture is born that seeks offer the public the design, production and sale of accessories with an innovative factor, the which is integrated through multiple intelligences, a concept that will be developed to throughout the text; relating it to communication, a career that united us in this life Proyect. Comunicador Social Pregrado

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Energy density (ED) measures the optimization of laser use in relation to prostate volume (PV). This seems to be related with adequate tissue removal and improved long t...

A 69-year-old patient who underwent photovaporization of the prostate (PVP) with GreenLightTM Laser presented chronic abdominal pain, in the following and after 7 months, an abdominal MRI showed a bladder mass and the cystoscopy revealed an 8 cm of diameter grayish mass of the anterior wall and the dome. Malignancy, infectious, and granulomatous diseases were ruled out. Biopsy showed necrotic tissue and dystrophic calcification (DC) with crystals and Gram-positive cocci, so a transurethral resection was intended failed due to the mass hard consistency and size. The patient was taken to partial cystectomy and the pain resolved. DC is defined as inappropriate deposits of calcium phosphate salts in previously damaged tissue by different forms of trauma: burns, radiotherapy, and surgery. We suggest the DC process is linked to a previous thermal lesion of the bladder during PVP and believe future studies of association can be relevant.

During the last decades, the growth of concern towards different pollutants has been increasing due to population activities in large cities and the great need for food production by the agri-food industry. The effects observed in specific locations have shown the impact over the environment in air, soil and water. Specifically, the current pandemic of COVID-19 has brought into the picture the intensive use of different medical substances to treat the disease and population intensive misuse. In particular, the use of antibiotics has increased during the last 20 years with few regulations regarding their excessive use and the disposal of their residues from different sources. Within this review, an overview of sources of antibiotics to aquatic environments was done along with its impact to the environment and trophic chain, and negative effects of human health due prolonged exposure which endanger the environment, population health, water, and food sustainability. The revision indicates the differences between sources and its potential danger due toxicity, and accumulation that prevents water sustainability in the long run.

El objetivo de este documento es establecer el efecto del capital intelectual en los resultados de un conjunto de empresas del Eje Cafetero colombiano, por ello se busca realizar un análisis comparativo entre las empresas objeto de estudio sobre los efectos del capital humano en sus resultados. La metodologí­a empleada se trata de un estudio empí­rico-analí­tico, en el cual se hace un análisis exploratorio descriptivo que compara las empresas que obtuvieron mejores resultados y las que tienen los más altos í­ndices de capital humano. Se concluye que las comparaciones entre las mejores empresas estudiadas muestran que la mayorí­a alcanzan resultados sobresalientes, también son las que cuentan con más altos í­ndices de capital humano, de lo cual se infiere una relación positiva entre ambas variables: a mayor capital humano, mejores resultados financieros, operacionales y comerciales.

4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) is an anthropogenic contaminant found in different environmental matrices that has an effect over the biotic and abiotic factors within the environment. Bioremediation by microorganisms can be used as a potential treatment to remove this pollutant. In this work, a consortium of two microorganisms, Arthrospira maxima and Chlorella vulgaris, was employed to remove 4-NP from water. The parameters analyzed included cell growth, removal of 4-NP, and 4-NP remnant in the biomass. In addition, the metabolites produced in the process by this consortium were identified. It was found that C. vulgaris is more resistant to 4-NP than A. maxima (cell growth inhibition by 4-NP of 99%). The consortium used in this study had an IC50 greater than any strain of microalgae or cyanobacteria reported for 4-NP removal (9.29 mg/L) and reduced up to 96% of 4-NP in water in the first 48 h of culture. It was also observed that there is a bio-transformation of 4-NP, comparable with the process carried out by another bacterium, in which three similar metabolites were found (4-(1-methyl-octyl)-4-hydroxy-cyclohex-2-enone, 4-nonyl-4-hydroxy-ciclohexa-2,5-dienone and 4-nonyl-4-hydroxy- ciclohex-2-enone) and one that is similar to plant metabolism (4-nonyl-(1-methyl,6,8-metoxy)-hydroxybenzene). These results indicate that microalgae and cyanobacteria consortium can be used to remove 4-NP from water.

Several factors have the potential to influence microalgae growth. In the present study, nitrogen concentration and light intensity were evaluated in order to obtain high biomass production and high phycoerythrin accumulation from Porphyridium purpureum. The range of nitrogen concentrations evaluated in the culture medium was 0.075&ndash, 0.450 g L&minus, 1 and light intensities ranged between 30 and 100 &mu, mol m&minus, 2 s&minus, 1. Surprisingly, low nitrogen concentration and high light intensity resulted in high biomass yield and phycoerythrin accumulation. Thus, the best biomass productivity (0.386 g L&minus, 1 d&minus, 1) and biomass yield (5.403 g L&minus, 1) were achieved with NaNO3 at 0.075 g L&minus, 1 and 100 &mu, 1. In addition, phycoerythrin production was improved to obtain a concentration of 14.66 mg L&minus, 1 (2.71 mg g&minus, 1 of phycoerythrin over dry weight). The results of the present study indicate that it is possible to significantly improve biomass and pigment production in Porphyridium purpureum by limiting nitrogen concentration and light intensity.