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Naringin is a dihydroflavone which was found in citrus fruits. Previous studies have indicated the antiapoptotic, antioxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory effects of naringin. It can improve many common diseases, including fibrosis or hepatotoxicity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a frequently used painkiller, and hepatotoxic side effects limit its use. The purpose of the current examination is to find the impact of naringin on APAP-induced hepatic injury. Firstly, we pretreated mice model groups with naringin. Then, the liver injury model was established by injecting intraperitoneally into mice with APAP. After the mice were euthanized, we obtained serum and liver tissue samples from the mice. Finally, these samples were analyzed using a metabolomics approach to find the underlying mechanism of the effects of naringin on APAP-induced liver injury and provide a new treatment strategy for APAP-induced liver injury. Our data indicate that naringin significantly improves APAP-induced liver injury in mice and reduces the expression levels of liver injury markers in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, analysis of differential metabolites in mice with liver injury showed that naringin reduced APAP-induced hepatotoxicity due to reversing multiple metabolite expression levels and the rescue of energy, amino acid, and purine metabolism.

It is known that the cumbersome 2 π correction is needed in the traditional module- 2 π method (i.e., the phase wrapping method) due to the 2 π deviation of the phase modulation depth of spatial light modulators (SLMs). To avoid the cumbersome 2 π correction in the module- 2 π method, this paper proposes a module- n π method, and it can directly utilize any full-field phase modulation depth. First, for a Gaussian phase with a phase depth of 30 rad, wrapped by the module- 3.6 π , it is reconstructed with the root-mean-square (RMS) values of its phase response are 0.1006 λ (for the Twyman–Green interferometer) and 0.1101 λ (for the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor method), respectively, which proves that the monitoring accuracy is relatively consistent. Subsequently, some comparative experiments based on the traditional module- 2 π are performed. The experimental results show that the RMS values of its phase response are 0.8886 λ (for a modulation depth of 11.3 rad) and 0.2261 λ (for a modulation depth of 6.28 rad), respectively. All the results have proved that the SLM with a phase modulation depth exceeding 2 π (e.g., 11.3 rad) has more prominent advantages. More specifically, increasing the SLM’s phase modulation depth can effectively reduce the fringe orders of the wrapped patterns generated by the module- n π method. With the further reduction of the fringe orders, the influence of the fly-back zone error on the wavefront phase modulation is reduced, that is, the modulation accuracy is improved (the RMS values are reduced from 0.2261 λ to 0.1006 λ ). Different from the traditional module- 2 π method, there is no need to consider the problems of the SLMs’ over modulation or the insufficient modulation in the module- n π method. Furthermore, it avoids the cumbersome 2 π correction process, which will make the use of the SLM more convenient.

Hydropower dams produce huge impacts on renewable energy production, water resources, and economic development, particularly in the Global South, where accelerated dam construction has made it a global hotspot. We do not fully understand the multiple impacts that dams have in the nearby areas from a global perspective, including the spatial differentiations. In this study, we examined the impacts of hydropower dam construction in nearby areas. We first found that more than one-third of global gross domestic production (GDP) and almost one-third of global population fall within 50 km of the world's 7,155 hydropower dams (10% of the global land area sans the Antarctic). We further analyzed impacts of 631 hydropower dams (≥1-megawatt capacity) constructed since 2001 and commissioned before 2015 for their effects on economy, population, and environment in nearby areas and examined the results in five regions (i.e., Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America) and by different dam sizes. We found that recently constructed dams were associated with increased GDP in North America and urban areas in Europe but with decreased GDP, urban land, and population in the Global South and greenness in Africa in nearby areas. Globally, these dams were linked with reduced economic production, population, and greenness of areas within 50 km of the dams. While large dams were related with reduced GDP and greenness significantly, small and medium dams were coupled with lowered population and urban land substantially, and large and medium dams were connected to diminished nighttime light noticeably in nearby areas.

It is accepted that the electrocatalytic activity is correlated to the morphology. Here, graphene oxide guiding nickel and iron layered double hydroxides hybrid arrays (GO-FeNi-LDH) are firstly fabricated by one-step electro-deposition method. The pretty 3D arrays with sheets vertically growing on nickel foam (NF) are highlighted by controlling the quantity of GO. Furthermore, the electron transfer from Ni, Fe to graphene is detected, making the metals and graphene in high valence and electron-rich state, respectively. The optimal GO-FeNi-LDH presents pretty morphology, defects, electron interactions and good conductivity. Therefore, to achieve 10 and 100 mA cm−2, it requires the overpotentials of 119, 210, 285 and 303 mV for HER and OER and excellent durability. Noticeably, the optimal GO-NiFe-LDH needs a cell voltage of 1.48 V to drive 10 mA cm−2 for the whole water splitting, which are lower than that of most of advanced electrocatalysts, endowing it in first-rank electrocatalyst.

Heavy investments in hydroelectric development are occurring throughout the Amazon Basin, which holds 42.2 percent of Brazil’s hydroelectric potential. The Belo Monte dam is the most recent and lar...

The Mekong River Basin (MRB) is undergoing unprecedented changes due to the recent acceleration in large-scale dam construction. While the hydrology of the MRB is well understood and the effects of some of the existing dams have been studied, the potential effects of the planned dams on flood pulse dynamics over the entire Lower Mekong remains unexamined. Here, using hydrodynamic model simulations, we show that the effects of flow regulation on downstream river-floodplain dynamics are relatively predictable along the mainstream Mekong, but flow regulations could potentially disrupt the flood dynamics in the Tonle Sap River (TSR) and small distributaries in the Mekong Delta. Results suggest that TSR flow reversal could cease if the Mekong flood pulse is dampened by 50% and delayed by one-month. While flood occurrence in the vicinity of the Tonle Sap Lake and middle reach of the delta could increase due to enhanced low flow, it could decrease by up to five months in other areas due to dampened high flow, particularly during dry years. Further, areas flooded for less than five months and over six months are likely to be impacted significantly by flow regulations, but those flooded for 5–6 months could be impacted the least.

A simple and rapid ratiometric fluorescent sensing system for D-penicillamine (D-PA) determination is developed based on yellow carbon dots (Y-CDs) combined with thiochrome (oxVB

In the context of top tier major development, innovative assessment management is one of the important ways to improve the quality and ability of major development leaders and strengthen teams. It is beneficial to use HeXie management model to study the assessment management of major development leaders in colleges and universities. Based on HeXie management model, this paper uses data analysis, literature analysis and other methods and explores the assessment management of major development leaders and puts forward corresponding opinions and suggestions.

Approximately one in five adolescents experience mental health problems globally. However, studies on mental health problems in Chinese high school students are few. Therefore, this study examined the status and associated factors of mental health problems in high school students in China. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling procedure was adopted, leading to a final sample of 15,055 participants from 46 high schools in all 17 provincial cities of Henan province, China. Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect the data. A mental health problems variable was assessed using the Mental Health Inventory of Middle School Students. The positive rate of mental health problems among high school students was 41.8%, with a male predominance (43.3% versus 40.2% in females, p &lt, 0.01). The most frequent mental health problem was academic stress (58.9%). Higher grades, physical disease, chronic constipation, alcohol consumption, engagement in sexual behavior, residence on campus, and living in nonurban areas and with single-parent families were significantly associated with higher odds of having mental health problems (p &lt, 0.05). We suggest that the prevention of mental health problems in high school students be strengthened, especially in students with physical illnesses, unhealthy behaviors, and single-parent families.

While emerging research suggests urban green space revegetation increases soil microbiota diversity and native plant species affect skin microbiome diversity, there is still a paucity of knowledge on relationships between neighborhood environmental conditions and the human microbiome. This study leveraged data on human microbiome samples (nose, mouth, rectum) taken at autopsy at the Wayne County Medical Examiner's Office (2014–2015). We evaluated relationships between the microbiome and five measures of environmental conditions (NDVI standard deviation, NDVI mean, percent trees, percent grassland and soil type) near the home of 126 decedents. For the rectum microbiome, NDVI sd had negative, significant associations with diversity (ASVs β = −0.20, p = 0.045; Faith PD β = −0.22, p = 0.026). In contrast, while insignificant, there were consistent, positive associations between diversity and NDVI sd for the mouth microbiome (ASVs β = 0.09, p = 0.337, Faith PD β = 0.14, p = 0.149, Shannon diversity β = 0.14, p = 0.159, Heip's evenness β = 0.11, p = 0.259) and a significant association for the nose microbiome (eigenvalues 3 β = 0.18, p = 0.057). We found consistent, significant, negative associations between percent grassland and diversity of the nose microbiome (ASVs β = −0.25, p = 0.008, Faith PD β = −0.25, p = 0.009, Shannon diversity β = −0.17, p = 0.062). For the mouth microbiome, we found a small effect of percent trees on diversity (eigenvalues 1 β = −0.08, p = 0.053). Clay loam soil was negatively (eigenvalues 2 β = −0.47, p = 0.053) and positively associated (eigenvalues 3 β = 0.65, p = 0.008) with rectum microbiome diversity, compared to loam soil. There was no potential indicator taxon among NDVI quartiles. These findings may be relevant for urban planning and management of urban outdoor spaces in ways that may support healthy human microbiomes. Still, future research is needed to link variation in NDVI, vegetation, plant and/or soil microbe diversity and to confirm or negate our findings that environmental conditions may have contrasting influence on the microbiome of the rectum versus the nose and mouth and that grasslands affect the nose microbiome.

In recent years, there are a large number of recommendation algorithms proposed in the literature, from traditional collaborative filtering to deep learning algorithms. However, the concerns about how to standardize open source implementation of recommendation algorithms continually increase in the research community. In the light of this challenge, we propose a unified, comprehensive and efficient recommender system library called RecBole, which provides a unified framework to develop and reproduce recommendation algorithms for research purpose. In this library, we implement 73 recommendation models on 28 benchmark datasets, covering the categories of general recommendation, sequential recommendation, context-aware recommendation and knowledge-based recommendation. We implement the RecBole library based on PyTorch, which is one of the most popular deep learning frameworks. Our library is featured in many aspects, including general and extensible data structures, comprehensive benchmark models and datasets, efficient GPU-accelerated execution, and extensive and standard evaluation protocols. We provide a series of auxiliary functions, tools, and scripts to facilitate the use of this library, such as automatic parameter tuning and break-point resume. Such a framework is useful to standardize the implementation and evaluation of recommender systems. The project and documents are released at https://recbole.io/., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures

Hydropower dam information such as construction and completion timings is often incomplete and missing in existing dam databases, and the hydropower dam’s adjacency impact distance, which is important to the surrounding environment, is also lacking for many dams. In this study, we developed a new remote sensing approach to specifically determine the timings and to assess the influencing distance on land use and land cover at the above and below dam areas. We established the new remote sensing method by identifying levels shifts in trajectories of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) indicators and by identifying the change point in entropy coefficient of variation (CV) variations to allow an auto-acquisition of the information above at the water basin level. We used three geospatial datasets including 1) a 30-year Landsat time series, 2) an annual Landsat Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composite, and 3) digital elevation model (DEM) data. We applied the proposed method to the Mekong River Basin (MRB) in Southeast Asia, where hydropower dam constructions have increased significantly since the 1990s. Results suggested that we were able to obtain the desired information for 67 Mekong hydropower dams successfully. Pearson correlation tests were used to validate timing results against official records, and the correlation coefficients were found to be 0.96 and 0.90, respectively, for construction and completion timing determination. We discovered that the buffer radius of a Mekong dam’s adjacency impact on land use and land cover was usually 4.0-km and 2.5-km in the above and below dam area. The data determined from this study may fill important information gaps in existing dam databases, and the approach developed in this case may be generalized to the other watersheds of the world, where hydropower dams exist. However, essential dam information is either incomplete or unavailable.

A novel fluorescent biosensor for protein kinase activity (PKA) detection was designed by applying double-strands DNA-hosted copper nanoclusters (dsDNA-CuNCs) and graphene oxide (GO). One DNA strand of the dsDNA consisted of two domains, one domain can hybridize with another complementary DNA strand to stabilize the fluorescent CuNCs and another domain was adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) aptamer. ATP aptamer of the dsDNA-CuNCs would be spontaneously absorbed onto the GO surface through π-π stacking interactions. Thus GO can efficiently quench the fluorescence (FL) of dsDNA-CuNCs through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). In the present of ATP, ATP specifically combined with ATP aptamer to form ATP-ATP aptamer binding complexes, which had much less affinity to GO, resulting in the fluorescence recovery of the system. Nevertheless, in the presence of PKA, ATP could be translated into ADP and ADP could not combine with ATP aptamer resulting in the fluorescence quenching of dsDNA-CuNCs again. According to the change of the fluorescence signal, PKA activity could be successfully monitored in the range of 0.1–5.0 U mL−1 with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.039 U mL−1. Besides, the inhibitory effect of H-89 on PKA activity was studied. The sensor was performed for PKA activity detection in cell lysates with satisfactory results.

In this study, we examined whether vowel length affected the perceptual and emotional evaluations of Japanese sound-symbolic words. The perceptual and emotional features of Japanese sound-symbolic words, which included short and long vowels, were evaluated by 209 native Japanese speakers. The results showed that subjective evaluations of familiarity, visual imageability, auditory imageability, tactile imageability, emotional valence, arousal, and length were significantly higher for sound-symbolic words with long vowels compared to those with short vowels. Additionally, a subjective evaluation of speed was significantly higher for written Japanese sound-symbolic words with short vowels than for those with long vowels. The current findings suggest that vowel length in written Japanese sound-symbolic words increases the perceptually and emotionally subjective evaluations of Japanese sound-symbolic words.

Compared to traditional 3D bulk metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), 2D MOFs are recently considered as an ideal electrocatalyst because they possess several advantages containing nanometer thickness for the efficient mass transport and enlarged surface areas containing more available active metal sites. In this work, the 2D NiFe-MOF-74 nanosheets directly growing on nickel foam (NF) are fabricated by a one-step solvothermal process without using annealing treatment. Remarkably, it is noted that thin layered MOF shape can be obtained by the collaboration of two metals, Ni and Fe which favors in maximum utilization of the active sites. Also, the electron environment of Ni and Fe, together with the conductivity of MOF-74 can be tuned by the cooperative effect of two metals. The optimized NiFe-MOF-74 electrode displays higher activity than that of a metal MOF-74 and the benchmarking catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which drives a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at the overpotentials of only 208 mV for OER and 195 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively. More importantly, the morphology of NiFe-MOF-74 is nearly retained after 5000 cycles CV test for OER. The overall water splitting of as-prepared NiFe-MOF-74 electrode requires 1.58 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2, making it as a promising bifunctional electrocatalysts for water-splitting system.

Recent proliferation of hydro-dams was one of the nature-based solutions to meet the increasing demand for energy and food in the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMRB). While construction of these hydro-dams generated some hydropower and facilitated expansion of irrigated lands, it also significantly altered the basin-wide hydrology and subsequently impacted wetland ecosystems. Unintended adverse consequences of ecosystem services from lakes and wetlands offset the intended gains in hydroelectricity and irrigated agriculture. The trade-offs between gains in energy and food production and losses in aquatic ecosystem services were perceived to be significant but knowledge of the magnitude, spatial extent, and type of ecosystem services change is lacking and, therefore, the question whether the hydro-dam is an optimized solution or a potential ecological problem remains unanswered. In this study, as the first step to answer this question and using the Tonlé Sap Lake as an example, we quantified one of the impacts of hydro-dams on lake ecosystem's phenology in terms of open water area, a critical ecological characteristic that affects lake systems' fish production, biodiversity, and livelihoods of the local communities. We used the MODIS-NDVI time series, forecast function and the Mann-Kendall trend test method to first quantify the open water area, analyzed its changes over time, and then performed correlation analysis with climate variables to disentangle dam impacts. The results showed reduced hydro-periods, diminishing lake seasonality and a declining trend in Tonlé Sap Lake open water area over the past 15 years. These changes were insignificantly related to climatic influence during the same period. It is concluded that basin-wide hydro-dam construction and associated agricultural irrigation were deemed to be the primary cause of these ecological changes. Further analyses of changes in the lake's ecosystem services, including provision and cultural services, need to be carried out in order to have a holistic understanding of the trade-offs brought by the hydro-dam proliferation as a solution to the emerging energy and food demand in the LMRB.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical cancer treatment modality based on the induction of therapeutic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD). With the aim of simultaneously improving both PDT-mediated intracellular ROS production and ICD levels, we designed a serum albumin (SA)-coated boehmite ("B"; aluminum hydroxide oxide) organic-inorganic scaffold that could be loaded with chlorin e6 (Ce6), a photosensitizer, and a honey bee venom melittin (MLT) peptide, denoted Ce6/MLT@SAB. Ce6/MLT@SAB was anchored by a boehmite nanorod structure and exhibited particle size of approximately 180 nm. Ce6/MLT@SAB could significantly reduce hemolysis relative to that of free MLT, while providing MLT-enhanced PDT antitumor effects in vitro. Compared with Ce6@SAB, Ce6/MLT@SAB improved Ce6 penetration of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, thereby providing enhanced intracellular ROS generation with 660 nm light treatment. Following phototreatment, Ce6/MLT@SAB-treated cells displayed significantly improved levels of ICD and abilities to activate dendritic cells. In the absence of laser irradiation, multidose injection of Ce6/MLT@SAB could delay the growth of subcutaneous murine tumors by more than 60%, compared to controls. When combined with laser irradiation, a single injection and phototreatment with Ce6/MLT@SAB eradicated one-third of subcutaneous tumors in treated mice. The addition of an immune checkpoint blockade to Ce6/MLT@SAB phototreatment further augmented antitumor effects, generating increased numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumors with concomitant reduction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

This paper proposes an optimal dispatch model of an integrated energy system (IES), with carbon trading and flexible loads (FLs) considered. First, the carbon trading is introduced into the dispatch model, taking into account the carbon emissions of the entire energy supply chain. Next, flexible loads are divided into three categories, i.e. curtailable, transferable and shiftable ones, which are respectively modeled in detail. On this basis, electric network constraints, natural gas network constraints, together with internal constraints of energy hubs (EHs) are integrated into the low-carbon economic dispatch model with an objective of minimizing the operation costs including the carbon trading cost, flexible loads dispatching cost and system energy cost. Finally, an integrated energy system including 9 energy hubs is employed to demonstrate the proposed model, together with detailed analysis about the impacts of the carbon trading price and FLs on the IES.

Carbon emission trading can effectively eliminate the externality of pollution through a market-oriented way. Accordingly, carbon emission quotas have typical properties of financial products, and can significantly affect the profits of a microgrid by participating in a joint market of electricity and carbon as a single entity. Due to the fluctuation of the carbon price and the interdependence between carbon price and electricity price, a microgrid should inevitably take risk aversion into consideration in developing optimal bidding strategies. Given this background, the Copula theory is employed to model the joint probability distribution of the electricity price and carbon price first. Then, gas turbines, distributed generation units, demand side resources and electric vehicles (EVs) are all integrated into a microgrid, and comprehensive uncertainties of the microgrid are modeled by Copula and conditional value at risk (CVaR). To minimize the CVaR under the expected profit, an optimal bidding strategy for a microgrid considering risk interdependence between the electricity and carbon prices is addressed. Finally, based on stochastic simulations some case studies are carried out and compared under different scenarios, and the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are thus demonstrated.

An energy hub (EH), acting as an energy receiving, converting and storing unit, is one of the most important components in an integrated energy system (IES). How to properly determine the optimal configuration of components in an EH is an important issue with extensive concerns, and is the subject of this work. A mixed integer linear programming model is presented for this purpose. In order to ensure reliable energy supply under bad operating conditions, credible contingencies in some critical branches in the IES are considered in formulating the optimal design problem. Three indexes are then presented, including the line betweenness, the connection importance and the maximum transmission capability, to evaluate the overall importance degree of each branch. An entropy weight method is next adopted to determine the evaluation weight of each index. Finally, a sample IES is employed to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the presented method.

The coordination of electricity and natural gas systems has ever been intensifying due to a growing share of natural gas-fired generating units in electricity production. Accordingly, concerns of the interrelationship between the coupled electricity and natural gas markets are emerging. Given this background, an Integrated Energy System (IES) with gas turbines, combined heat and power systems (CHP), distributed generation units, power-to-gas (P2G) facilities and multi-energy storage systems (ESSs) is first described. The operation strategy for the IES is investigated in a low-carbon context. Then, the Copula method is employed to model the joint probability distribution of electricity and natural gas prices. An optimal operation strategy of the IES is proposed to minimize the total operating cost, with the interdependence structure of electricity and natural gas prices well taken into account. Finally, a solution approach and case studies are presented, and the effectiveness of the proposed method demonstrated.

Recurrent oncogenic mutations of MyD88 have been identified in a variety of lymphoid malignancies. Gain-of-function mutations of MyD88 constitutively activate downstream NF-κB signaling pathways, resulting in increased cellular proliferation and survival. However, whether MyD88 activity can be aberrantly regulated in MyD88-wild-type lymphoid malignancies remains poorly understood. SPOP is an adaptor protein of CUL3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and frequently mutated genes in prostate and endometrial cancers. In this study, we reveal that SPOP binds to and induces the nondegradative ubiquitination of MyD88 by recognizing an atypical SPOP-binding motif in MyD88. This modification blocks Myddosome assembly and downstream NF-κB activation. SPOP is mutated in a subset of lymphoid malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Lymphoid malignancies-associated SPOP mutants exhibited impaired binding to MyD88 and suppression of NF-κB activation. The DLBCL-associated, SPOP-binding defective mutants of MyD88 escaped from SPOP-mediated ubiquitination, and their effect on NF-κB activation is stronger than that of wild-type MyD88. Moreover, SPOP suppresses DLBCL cell growth in vitro and tumor xenograft in vivo by inhibiting the MyD88/NF-κB signaling. Therefore, SPOP acts as a tumor suppressor in DLBCL. Mutations in the SPOP-MyD88 binding interface may disrupt the SPOP-MyD88 regulatory axis and promote aberrant MyD88/NF-κB activation and cell growth in DLCBL.

Dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is closely associated with cancer initiation and progression. SPOP is an adapter protein of the CUL3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. Several whole genome/exome sequencing studies on endometrial cancers (ECs) revealed that the SPOP gene is frequently mutated. However, how SPOP mutations contribute to EC remains poorly understood. In this study, transcription factor ZBTB3 was identified as a proteolytic substrate for the SPOP-CUL3-RBX1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. SPOP specifically recognizes two Ser/Thr (S/T)-rich degrons located in ZBTB3 and triggers the degradation of ZBTB3 via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. By contrast, EC-associated SPOP mutants are defective in regulating ZBTB3 stability. SPOP inactivation promotes endometrial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion partly through ZBTB3 accumulation. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) was found to be a transcriptional target of ZBTB3. SPOP inactivation leads to ZBTB3-dependent SHH upregulation in EC cells. RUSKI-43, a small molecule inhibitor of SHH, suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in SPOP-depleted or EC-associated SPOP mutant-overexpressed EC cells. Our data indicate that pharmacological inhibition of SHH represents a possible treatment strategy for SPOP-mutated ECs.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are vulnerable to jamming attacks that aim to interrupt the communications between the UAVs and ground nodes and to prevent the UAVs from completing their sensing duties. In this paper, we design a reinforcement learning based UAV trajectory and power control scheme against jamming attacks without knowing the ground node and jammer locations, the UAV channel model and jamming model. By evaluating the UAV transmission quality obtained from the feedback channel and the UAV channel condition, this scheme uses reinforcement learning to choose the UAV trajectory and transmit power based on the UAV location, signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the previous sensing data signal received by the ground node, and the radio channel state. Simulation results show that this scheme improves the quality of service of the UAV sensing duty given the required UAV waypoints and saves the UAV energy consumption.

In this work, a novel multiplex electrochemiluminescence (ECL) DNA sensor has been developed for determination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) based on multicolor CdTe quantum dots (CdTe QDs) and Au nanoparticles (Au NPs). The electrochemically synthesized graphene nanosheets (GNs) were selected as conducting bridge to anchor CdTe QDs551-capture DNA(HBV) and CdTe QDs607-capture DNA(HCV) on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Then, different concentrations of target DNA(HBV) and target DNA(HCV) were introduced to hybrid with complementary CdTe QDs-capture DNA. Au NPs-probe DNA(HBV) and Au NPs-probe DNA(HCV) were modified to the above composite film via hybrid with the unreacted complementary CdTe QDs-capture DNA. Au NPs could quench the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensity of CdTe QDs due to the inner filter effect. Therefore, the determination of target DNA(HBV) and target DNA(HCV) could be achieved by monitoring the ECL DNA sensor based on Au NPs-probe DNA/target DNA/CdTe QDs-capture DNA/GNs/GCE composite film. Under the optimum conditions, the ECL intensity of CdTe QDs551 and CdTe QDs607 and the concentration of target DNA(HBV) and target DNA(HCV) have good linear relationship in the range of 0.0005-0.5 nmol L(-1) and 0.001-1.0 nmol L(-1) respectively, and the limit of detection were 0.082 pmol L(-1) and 0.34 pmol L(-1) respectively (S/N = 3). The DNA sensor showed good sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility and acceptable stability. The proposed DNA sensor has been employed for the determination of target DNA(HBV) and target DNA(HCV) in human serum samples with satisfactory results.

In this work, we have designed a simple and sensitive fluorescence probe for adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) detection. A series of l -cysteine capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with different sizes were synthesized in aqueous phase. The effects of Zn2+ on different sizes of l -cysteine capped CdTe QDs were investigated and the fluorescence of CdTe with small size QDs could be effectively quenched due to the binding of Zn2+ to the l -cysteine on the surface of the QDs and the electron transfer from the photoexcited QDs to Zn2+. The phosphate groups of ATP have a high affinity for zinc ions through Zn O P bonds, with the addition of ATP, Zn2+ could bind with ATP based on the metal–ligand coordinative effect and the modulation of Zn2+ to CdTe QDs would be inhibited. Hence the quenched fluorescence of the CdTe QDs can be recovered. The recovered fluorescence of QDs was proportional to the concentration of ATP in the range of 5–50 μmol L−1 and the detection limit for ATP was 2.07 μmol L−1. The proposed sensing assay showed a good selectivity for ATP over other biologically important phosphates, and it was applied to the determination of ATP in human serum sample with satisfactory results.

Novel dual phased CoO/Co3O4 particles with Co3O4 nanoneedles on surface are obtained by annealing dual-phased Co (hexagonal and cubic phases) particles. Their phase and morphology evolution are clarified by XRD, SEM and TEM measurements. The early formed CoO and Co3O4 on surface from dual-phased Co promote the outdiffusion process of inside Co with kirkendall effect and restrict the growth of Co3O4 with a specific orientation, leading to the formation of Co3O4 nanoneedles on the surface. The microwave absorption measurement shows that the CoO/Co3O4 particles with annealing time of 1 h possess higher permittivity and better performances than pure Co and Co3O4 particles. An enhanced reflection loss (RL) value of −38.8 dB is obtained for the CoO/Co3O4-paraffin wax (PW) composite with a thickness of 2.8 mm. The absorption bandwidth for RL below −10 dB reaches 8.7 GHz. The Co3O4 nanoneedles on surface, porous structure and inner dual phased CoO/Co3O4 bring increased multiple reflection, interface/dipolar polarizations, conductive loss and better impedance matching. This clarification of phase and morphology evolution and novel CoO/Co3O4 material with nanoneedles on surface may provide new routes for designing high performance Co-based microwave absorbers with unique structures.

Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) have attracted extensive interests in bio-catalysis filed because of their robustness, excellent catalytic activity and unique feature of maximum atomic utilization. Herein, the peroxidase-like activity of single-atom iron anchored on N-doped porous carbon (Fe-SAs/NC) SAzyme was successfully demonstrated and a ratio fluorescence method for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity sensing was constructed based on Fe-SAs/NC and polyvinylpyrrolidone protected copper nanoclusters (PVP-CuNCs) for the first time. With H2O2 presence, Fe-SAs/NC with peroxidase-like activity catalyzed oxidation of nonfluorescent o-phenylenediamine (OPD) to fluorescent 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP) with maximum fluorescence emission peak at 566 nm. Meanwhile, the generated DAP efficiently quenched PVP-CuNCs fluorescence at 438 nm through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). However, AChE possessed function of catalyzing the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine (ATCh) to generate thiocholine (TCh), which can inhibit the Fe-SAs/NC peroxidase-like activity to block DAP generation and preserve PVP-CuNCs fluorescence. Therefore, the fluorescence intensity ratio F566/F438 of the system can serve as signal output for AChE activity sensing ranging from 2 to 70 U L−1 with a detection limit of 0.56 U L−1. Moreover, Fe-SAs/NC and PVP-CuNCs based system was utilized for AChE determination in human serum sample.