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On 16 June 2023, the United Nations Environment Programme highlighted the severity of nitrogen pollution faced by humans and called for joint action for sustainable nitrogen use. Excess nitrogenous waste (NW: NO, NO2, NO2−, NO3−, etc.) mainly arises from the use of synthetic fertilisers, wastewater discharge, and fossil fuel combustion. Although the amount of NW produced can be minimised by reducing the use of nitrogen fertilisers and fossil fuels, the necessity to feed seven billion people on Earth limits the utility of this approach. Compared to current industrial processes, electrocatalytic NW reduction or CO2–NW co-reduction offers a potentially greener alternative for recycling NW and producing high-value chemicals. However, upgrading this technology to connect upstream and downstream industrial chains is challenging. This viewpoint focuses on electrocatalytic NW reduction, a cutting-edge technology, and highlights the challenges in its practical application. It also discusses future directions to meet the requirements of upstream and downstream industries by optimising production processes, including the pretreatment and supply of nitrogenous raw materials (e.g. flue gas and sewage), design and macroscopic preparation of electrocatalysts, and upscaling of reactors and other auxiliary equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety-critical systems play a significant role in industrial domains, and their complexity is increasing with advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI). To provide efficient services, safety-critical systems that integrate AI applications are always built based on Linux, where Linux offers massive amounts of features and an incredibly perfect software ecosystem for AI applications. Since Linux is a pre-existing complex software system, different research programmes aim to pave the way for developing Linux-based safety-critical systems. Still, only some focus on the system calls for file operations. However, the execution path of a system call is effectively non-deterministic in Linux kernel space, which challenges the test coverage-based verification recommended by the functional safety standards. This research analyzes the influence of system state on Linux kernel path variability from two perspectives: file system type and system load. Therefore, an online data collection system for system call execution paths was constructed based on Ftrace, network file system (NFS), and MD5 hash function, uniquely identifying the system call execution path. The collected data were processed and analysed in this study. Evaluations show that the number of function execution paths of the system calls relevant to file systems increased with the increase in system load but would eventually be stable. Additionally, the function execution paths of the system call varied in different file systems. Based on the evaluations, the results of this work can provide advice for analyzing Linux-based safety-critical systems. In addition, the method introduced in this research can also provide support for the verification of Linux-based safety-critical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the influencing factors of sleep disorders and sleep quality in healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational research. Methods: The databases of the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, SinoMed database, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP were systematically searched. The quality of studies was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality evaluation criteria and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Results: A total of 29 studies were included, of which 20 were cross‐sectional studies, eight were cohort studies, and 1 was a case–control study; 17 influencing factors were finally identified. Greater risk of sleep disturbance was associated with female gender, single relationship status, chronic disease, insomnia history, less exercise, lack of social support, frontline work, days served in frontline work, department of service, night shift, years of work experience, anxiety, depression, stress, received psychological assistance, worried about being infected, and degree of fear with COVID‐19. Conclusions: During the COVID‐19 pandemic, healthcare workers did have worse sleep quality than the general population. The influencing factors of sleep disorders and sleep quality in healthcare workers are multifaceted. Identification and timely intervention of resolvable influencing factors are particularly important for preventing sleep disorders and improving sleep. Patient or Public Contribution: This is a meta‐analysis of previously published studies so there was no patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in woodland characteristics induced by plants and soil greatly affect soil hydrological processes. Stable isotope technology and indoor soil moisture characteristic experiments were conducted at three rainfall levels (3.6, 23.5, and 49.8 mm) to investigate the hydrological processes under six woodlands (two pure forests and four mixed forests). The main influencing factors contributing to these changes were identified in a low mountain and hilly region in central China. The soil waterline equation in this area was soil water δ D = 5.626 δ 18 O − 16.791 (R2 = 0.798). The slope and intercept in the soil waterline equation were smaller than the atmospheric waterline equation. From a temporal perspective, the soil moisture content varied in the same trend under different rainfall events, with the maximum and minimum values on the first day after rainfall and the day before rainfall, respectively. However, an overall trend that first increased and then decreased was observed. From a spatial perspective, the soil moisture content increased with soil depth, and the increase rate was in the order of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm in different soil layers. The soil moisture content in mixed conifer broadleaved woodlands was high. The soil water δ D and δ 18 O in mixed conifer broadleaved woodlands and underground soil were relatively depleted. The effects of soil water-holding capacity, particle size composition, slope, canopy closure, and other factors on soil hydraulic parameters were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the extremely coarse sand (1–2 mm) particle content was the main parameter affecting soil-saturated hydraulic conductivity K s , whereas the slope was the main factor affecting soil water δ D and δ 18 O . In needle-leaved forests, the soil water infiltration form was a rainwater and soil water mixture downward diffusion, whereas the rainwater replaced the original soil water in the needle and mixed conifer broadleaved forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This systematic review evaluated the quality of evidence for the prevention and management of facial pressure injuries in medical staff. Design: This review was presented in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Methods: We retrieved the relevant studies from 19 databases. Using the literature evaluation standards and evidence grading system of the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence‐Based Health Care Center, we evaluated the quality of the literature encompassing different types of research and assessed their levels of evidence. Results: A total of 13 studies were included, including seven expert consensuses, two recommended practices, one clinical decision, one best practice information booklet, one systematic review and one randomized controlled trial. In the end, 31 best evidence were summarized, including skin cleaning and care, PPE placement and movement, reasonable use of dressings, treatment measures and education and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the incidence of facial pressure injuries in health‐care professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a meta‐analysis. Methods: Related studies were obtained through electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Chinese Scientific Journal (VIP) China Biomedical Literature service systems (CBM) and Wanfang Data (from inception to 27 November 2021). The pooled incidence and the 95% confidence interval of facial pressure injuries were calculated with Review Manager v5.4 software. Results: Overall, 16 studies with 14 430 health‐care professionals were included. Pooled results showed that the pooled incidence of facial pressure injury in health‐care professionals was 58.8% (95% CI: 49.0%–68.7%; p < 0.01). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of facial pressure injury in these staff was high, and predominantly stage I pressure injury, in the following cases: in health‐care professionals who wore personal protective equipment for longer than 4 h, in those without any training experience, and on the nose. Conclusion: Administrators and researchers should pay attention to preventing facial pressure injury related to the wearing of personal protective equipment (PPE) by ensuring all health‐care professionals receive training and by limiting prolonged periods of use. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? Facial pressure injury was one of the most common effects experiencedby health‐care professionals wearing facial PPE during COVID‐19, which seriously affected their facial comfort and self‐image.A number of studies have reported the incidence of facial pressure injury in health‐care professionals, but the evidence is inconsistent.Medical staff are the main force during the COVID‐19. What this paper adds? This study showed that the pooled incidence of facial pressure injury in health‐care professionals was 56.8% during COVID‐19.This study showed that there was a higher incidence of facial pressure injury in staff who wore PPE for longer than 4 h and in those without any training experience.This study showed that the nose was the most common part of the face with pressure injury, and Stage I pressure injury was the most prevalent injury type in health‐care professionals. The implications of this paper: This study may provide evidence for managers about the development of guidelines for health‐care professionals to prevent and manage facial pressure injuries and promote the health of health‐care professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]