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This study sought to validate the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S), an instrument that measures perseverance and passion for long-term goals, among Chinese high school students. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the scale retains the two-factor structure of the original scale. The scale demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Evidence for construct validity was found in relation to the Big Five personality traits, self-control, and IQ. Evidence for criterion validity was found via the observation that grit explained unique variance in academic performance. Together, the Grit-S is a sound measure of grit among Chinese adolescents.

Simultaneous electrochemical reduction of nitrite and carbon dioxide (CO2) under mild reaction conditions offers a new sustainable and low‐cost approach for urea synthesis. However, the development of urea electrosynthesis thus far still suffers from low selectivity due to the high energy barrier of *CO formation and the subsequent C─N coupling. In this work, a highly active dendritic Cu99Ni1 catalyst is developed to enable the highly selective electrosynthesis of urea from co‐reduction of nitrite and CO2, reaching a urea Faradaic efficiency (FE) and production rate of 39.8% and 655.4 µg h−1 cm−2, respectively, at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). In situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) measurements together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that Ni doping into Cu can significantly enhance the adsorption energetics of the key reaction intermediates and facilitate the C─N coupling. This work not only provides a new strategy to design efficient electrocatalysts for urea synthesis but also offers deep insights into the mechanism of C─N coupling during the co‐reduction of nitrite and CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous data have suggested the involvement of circular RNA (circRNA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Up to now, the effect of circMETTL15 on HCC development remains unknown. This study aims to analyze the function of circMETTL15 in HCC development and the underlying mechanism. RNA expression of circMETTL15, miR‐944, and transmembrane O‐mannosyltransferase targeting cadherins 3 (TMTC3) were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Protein expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis assay or immunohistochemistry assay. Cell proliferation was investigated by cell counting kit‐8 assay, 5‐Ethynyl‐29‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, and cell colony formation assay. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by wound‐healing assay and transwell assay, respectively. Angiogenic capacity was analyzed by tube formation assay. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were conducted to identify the interplay between miR‐944 and circMETTL15 or TMTC3. Xenograft mouse model assay was conducted to reveal the effect of circMETTL15 on tumor formation in vivo. CircMETTL15 and TMTC3 expression were significantly upregulated, while miR‐944 expression was downregulated in HCC tissues and cells. CircMETTL15 knockdown led to decreased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation. Besides, the inhibitors of miR‐944, a target miRNA of circMETTL15, partially restored circMETTL15 silencing‐mediated effects on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation of HCC cells. MiR‐944 overexpression also inhibited HCC cell malignancy by targeting TMTC3. Furthermore, circMETTL15 absence inhibited tumor formation by regulating miR‐944 and TMTC3 in vivo. In conclusion, circMETTL15 induced HCC development through the miR‐944/TMTC3 pathway, raising the potential of circMETTL15 as a target for HCC therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent literature, increasing attention has been paid to cases when the shocks to a small number of firms would lead to large volatility in many sectors. Theorists find that supply chains play a role, as the shocks to a firm or a sector may propagate through the input–output linkages and form risks in the whole network. In this paper, we investigate the impact of risks from supply‐chain variations on risk premia of the A‐listed firms in the Chinese stock market from 2007 to 2021. Based on network statistics, we measure a firm's local status in the supply chains by the customer‐ and supplier‐concentration, and its global position by the centrality. We then construct corresponding risk factors using diversified portfolios sorted according to these indices. It is found that the supply‐chain positions are related to risk exposure. Firms with de‐concentrated customers/suppliers have larger risk premia than concentrated firms. Moreover, with Size controlled, the firms in the center of cross‐sector trade have higher risk premia than the peripheral ones. When these supply‐chain factors are added to Fama and French's five‐factor model with Market, Size, B/M ratio, Operating profitability, and Investment, the proportion of return variances that could be explained would increase from 51.1% to 54.9% on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]