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Background: Oviposition site selection is an important component of vector mosquito reproductive biology. The Asian Tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is a major and important vector of arboviruses including Dengue. Previous studies documented the preference of gravid females for small, dark-colored water containers as oviposition sites, which they sought during the twilight period (dusk) of their locomotor activity. Vision plays an important role in this behavior, and factors such as the shape, size, and color of the container, light intensity, polarization, spectrum, and other visual cues guide the search for suitable oviposition sites, but the mechanistic factors driving this behavior are unclear. Methodology/Principal findings: We blindfolded adult female compound eyes and observed the effects of a lack of vision on the ability to discriminate and utilize preferred oviposition sites. Furthermore, the transcriptomes of blindfolded mosquitoes were screened to identify genes with vision-sensitive expression profiles and gene-editing was used to create non-functional mutations in two of them, rhodopsin-like (mutation designated 'rho-l△807') and kynurenine hydroxylase (mutation designated 'khw'). Behavioral tests of both mutant and control strains revealed that the rho-l△807 mutant mosquitoes had a significant decrease in their ability to search for preferred oviposition sites that correlated with a reduced ability to recognize long-wavelength red light. The khw mutant mosquitoes also had a reduced ability to identify preferred oviposition sites that correlated with reductions in their ability to respond to variations in daily brightness and their ability to discriminate among different color options of the containers and background monochromatic light. Conclusions/Significance: This study underscores the importance of visual cues in the oviposition site selection behavior of adult female Ae. albopictus. We demonstrate that wild-type rho-l and kh gene products play a crucial role in this behavior, as mutants exhibit altered sensitivity or recognition of light intensity and substrate colors. Author summary: Aedes albopictus (Asian Tiger mosquito) relies on vision to select oviposition sites, favoring small, dark containers during twilight hours. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we blindfolded female mosquitoes and screened their transcriptomes, identifying rho-l and kh genes as potential vision-related factors. Gene editing experiments provided crucial insights into the roles of rho-l and kh in Ae. albopictus oviposition behavior. Mutants lacking functional rho-l (rho-l△807) exhibited a significant decrease in their sensitivity to long-wavelength red light, leading to a reduced ability to locate preferred oviposition sites. Similarly, khw mutants displayed a decreased ability to respond to variations in daily brightness, as well as a reduced capacity to discriminate between different colors. This impaired color discrimination and sensitivity to brightness changes directly affected their ability to identify preferred oviposition sites. These findings highlight the crucial role of rho-l and kh in mosquito visual-mediated oviposition site selection, providing valuable insights into mosquito behavior and potential targets for vector control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique coordination configuration of single‐atom materials (SAMs) allows precise reaction control at atomic‐level and a potential of unusual electrochemical reaction. Nevertheless, it is a big challenge to prepare main group element with high loading content. Here, multifield‐regulated synthesis (MRS) technology is utilized to rapidly produce single‐atom antimony (Sb) metal with a high loading of 15 wt.%. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal the significantly enhanced reaction kinetics of Sb and nitrogen‐doped graphene by multi‐physics field coupling. Compared with common metallic Sb nanoparticles, atomically dispersed Sb displays remarkably improved electrochemical reaction kinetics and stable structure due to the negligible variation of stresses and volume expansion during the pseudocapacitive alloying‐dealloying process. Such extraordinary alloying reaction in well‐dispersed Sb atoms enabling homogeneous ion flow can serve as active nucleation sites for regulating even Na metal nucleation and growth. As a result, copper foil coated with only ≈3 µm thickness of such material exhibits a high Coulombic efficiency of up to 99.99%, an ultra‐low overpotential of 3 mV, and a long lifetime exceeding 2500 h in symmetrical cells. Furthermore, an anode‐free MRS‐SbSA||Na3V2(PO4)3 battery is constructed, which demonstrates exceptionally high energy density (≈362 Wh Kg−1), outstanding rate capability and good cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dinuclear metal synergistic catalysis (DMSC) has been proved an effective approach to enhance catalytic efficiency in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction, while it remains challenge to design dinuclear metal complexes that can show DMSC effect. The main reason is that the influence of the microenvironment around dinuclear metal centres on catalytic activity has not been well recognized and revealed. Herein, we report a dinuclear cobalt complex featuring a planar structure, which displays outstanding catalytic efficiency for photochemical CO2‐to‐CO conversion. The turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) values reach as high as 14457 and 0.40 s−1 respectively, 8.6 times higher than those of the corresponding mononuclear cobalt complex. Control experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that the enhanced catalytic efficiency of the dinuclear cobalt complex is due to the indirect DMSC effect between two CoII ions, energetically feasible one step two‐electron transfer process by Co2I,I intermediate to afford Co2II,II(CO22−) intermediate and fast mass transfer closely related with the planar structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The quality of life (QoL) of elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Zunyi China based on health parameters has not been previously analyzed. This study compares the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores and prevailing health complications between < 60y and ≥ 60y patients with RA. Data from 1166 patients with RA who visited the rheumatology department of Zunyi Medical University Hospital were followed up and retrospectively analyzed. Patients and Methods: Data from 1166 patients with RA who visited the rheumatology department of Zunyi Medical University Hospital (2021.1– 2022.8) were followed up and retrospectively analyzed. Results: Twenty cases passed away at 61.55 ± 8.11y, which was 6.75 years less than the local average age of death. Elderly patients with RA reported lower recovery levels, and their levels of inflammatory markers such as Immunoglobulin M-rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher than those of younger patients during their past one-year observation period. The SF-36 results indicated that eight items of QoL in the elderly patients were all significantly inferior to < 60y patients, while the complications of interstitial lung disease (ILD), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and, lung and herpes zoster infections were significantly higher. Conclusion: Elderly patients had a higher disease activity along with poor QoL, more health-related complications, and susceptibility to infections. Our study emphasizes the imperative need for optimization of RA treatment modalities in the elderly to alleviate their sufferings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the principle of leakage location for branched pipeline based on acoustic propagation characteristics, an acoustic propagation model of branched pipelines is established, and the propagation characteristics of acoustic waves in branched pipeline are obtained by analyzing the continuous acoustic signals generated by pipe leakage, a new leakage location method of branched pipelines based on acoustic propagation characteristics is proposed. Experimental results show the leakage position in branched pipeline system is accurately located with an average relative error of 3.2%. It is proved that the new location method for the leakage location of branched pipelines has wide applicability and improved accuracy, which can contribute great significance to expanding application scenarios of leakage location method based on acoustic propagation characteristics as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study enhanced the corrosion protection of zinc molybdate (ZnMoO4) in epoxy coatings by integrating ZIF-8 to form a Z-type nano heterojunction. The heterojunction leveraged the light absorption properties of organic ligands within ZIF-8 to significantly promote the excitation and separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers, thereby enhancing the photocathodic protection capability of the coating. It also utilized a cocrosslinking curing process between the epoxy functional groups and the organic functional groups of ZIF-8, resulting in a notable improvement in coating density. Furthermore, the metal–organic framework (MOF) effectively anchored the coating, preventing the recurrence of defects due to molybdate dissolution, thus enhancing durability. In synergy with the molybdate passivation film, it effectively hindered the corrosive attack of ions adsorbed on the metal substrate surface, thereby contributing to the suppression of chemical corrosion. Meanwhile, the compositing of MOF significantly enhanced the hydrophobicity of the material. Experimental data demonstrated that the impedance of the ZIF-8/ZnMoO4 composite coating achieved a remarkable increase to 226.0 and 208.3% compared to pure epoxy and ZnMoO4 coatings, which provided insights into expanding the compatibility and synergistic protective performance of molybdate-based corrosion-resistant materials by constructing heterojunctions between organic and inorganic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public participation in architectural heritage protection is a crucial part of promoting the development of heritage conservation. However, even in the same country, different regions protect heritage at different levels. This study, taking national wooden arch corridor bridges as the research object, analyzes the public participation level in wooden arch corridor bridge protection in the last 5 years, studying the factors that influence public participation and the change in rules of public participation caused by geography, providing a theoretical reference for the sustainable development of the protection of wooden arch corridor bridges. The results indicate (1) public participation in the protection of wooden arch corridor bridges has been increasing annually under government guidance; (2) there is a positive correlation between the concentration of wooden arch corridor bridges and the level of public participation; (3) the better the planning is regarding wooden arch corridor bridges and their surrounding areas, the higher the level of public participation, while the lower the level of residents' participation and willing; (4) the higher the development and better the transportation in the areas where wooden arch corridor bridges are located, the higher the level of public participation; and (5) increasing the popularity of wooden arch corridor bridges, as well as the areas they are located in, can enhance public participation. These conclusions and research methods also provide methodological guidance and theoretical support for other public participation in the study of architectural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-199a-5p in the serum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis of rat type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (AECⅡ) and possible mechanism. Methods Forty-five patients with COPD and 45 controls were enrolled in the first affiliated hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2017 to December 2018 . AEC Ⅱ cells were cultured in vitro and were divided into control group , LPS group, anti-miR- 199a-5p+ LPS group, anti-miR-NC+LP group,anti-miR-199a-5p+si-FZD4+Lgroup and anti-miR-199a-5p+si-NC+LPS group. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-199a-5p and FZD4 mRNA in serum and cells, flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate and Western blot was used to detect FZD4, B-lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and B-lymphoma-2 related proteins (Bax) in cells. The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment verified the targeting relationship between miR-199a-5p and FZD4. Results Compared with the control, the expression of miR-199a-5p in serum of COPD patients significantly increased (P＜0.05), and the expression of FZD4 mRNA significantly reduced (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of miR-199a-5p in the LPS group significantly increased(P＜0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of FZD4 significantly reduced (P＜0.05), the apoptosis rate and the expression level of Bax protein significantly increased (P＜0.05), and the expression of Bcl-2 protein significantly reduced (P＜0.05). Compared with anti-miR-NC+LPS group, cell apoptosis and the expression of Bax protein in the anti-miR-199a-5p+LPS group significantly reduced (P＜0.05), while the expression of Bcl-2 protein significantly increased (P＜ 0.05). There was no significant change in the detection indexes between the LPS group and the anti-miR-NC+LPS group (P＞0.05). miR-199a-5p targets FZD4, compared with anti-miR-199a-5p+si-NC+LPS group, cell apoptosis rate and the expression level of Bax protein in the anti-miR-199a-5p+ si-FZD4+LPS group all significantly increased (P＜0.05), while the expression of Bcl-2 protein significantly reduced (P＜0.05). Conclusions The expression of miR-199a-5p is increased in serum of COPD patients and in LPS-induced AECⅡcells. Down-regulating miR-199a-5p expression may inhibit LPS-induced AECⅡ cell apoptosis by up-regulating FZD4 expression.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical value of adding Jin-gu-lian (JGL) capsules into rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment by examining its impact on disease activity and quality of life (QoL) through a real-world study (RWS). Patients and methods: RWS was conducted to compare the inflammatory markers, including IgM-RF, ESR, and CRP, between RA patients treated with only Western medicine (reference group) and Western medicine plus JGL (study group) during one-year follow-up. The clinical data was acquired from the hospital information system (HIS). Telephone call-based follow-up on QoL (SF-36) and accompanying symptoms, including gastrointestinal complaints, attacks of pneumonia, herpes zoster, URTIs, UTIs, and LTBIs. Finally, the anti-rheumatic drugs given to both groups were also compared. RWS was further validated for its feasibility by performing studies with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment, which is a commonly used anti-rheumatic drug for RA with mild effect. Results: The study group failed to show a significant effect on inflammatory markers, especially on the CRP levels, indicating no additional clinical value of supplementing with JGL. Similarly, at the endpoint, no significant differences between the two groups on QoL and related symptoms were observed. Our study suggests that the patients in the study group might need more anti-rheumatic drugs to fill the treatment insufficiency, and the application ratio of NSAIDs would be significantly higher than the reference group. By conducting this study on HCQ treatment, the positive aspects of controlling disease activity and reducing NSAIDs application were found, which demonstrates the utility of performing the RWS to evaluate the effect of JGL. Conclusion: Adding JGL did not significantly improve the clinical efficacy of RA treatment by this RWS. Folk herbal prescriptions such as JGL are suggested to underwent strict clinical trials before application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study aims to characterize the ocular safety profiles of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors and explore the differences among different PDE5 inhibitors. We analyzed reports on ocular adverse events associated with sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil submitted to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from the first quarter of 2004 to the first quarter of 2023. Disproportionality analysis was conducted to evaluate reporting risk profiles. Among 61,211 reports qualifying for analysis, 5,127 involved sildenafil, 832 vardenafil, and 3,733 tadalafil. All PDE5 inhibitors showed increased reporting odds ratios (ROR) for ocular adverse events, with vardenafil highest (ROR 4.47) followed by sildenafil and tadalafil. Key ocular adverse events included cyanopsia, optic ischemic neuropathy, visual field defects, unilateral blindness and blindness. Sildenafil showed the highest disproportionality for cyanopsia (ROR 1148.11) while vardenafil and tadalafil showed the highest disproportionality for optic ischemic neuropathy. Time-to-onset analysis also revealed significant differences, with sildenafil having a later median time-to-onset compared to vardenafil and tadalafil. This comprehensive pharmacovigilance study reveals distinct patterns of ocular adverse events associated with PDE5 inhibitors. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the safety profiles of PDE5 inhibitors and may guide healthcare professionals in clinical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the formation and segmentation of the tongue of ionization into two consecutive polar cap patches using multi‐instrument observations from 27 February 2014. We provide insights into how the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) variations influence the formation and segmentation of these patches. Our findings reveal that the entry of dayside dense plasma into the polar cap is predominantly driven by the modified convection near the cusp region, which is controlled by the transition of IMF By or the sudden drop of IMF Bz. Furthermore, we observe a rapid north‐westward plasma flow within the patch segmentation region, accompanied by equatorward‐expanded and enhanced convection near the cusp region. This fast‐moving flow, approximately 1.5 km/s, is characterized by low density and high electron temperature and shows a signature of a Subauroral Polarization Stream. This suggests that the fast‐westward flow, in conjunction with the expansion and contraction of ionospheric convection, plays a crucial role in the segmentation of polar cap patches from the dayside plasma reservoir. This study provides a comprehensive observation of the evolution of polar cap patches, thereby advancing our understanding of the dynamic mechanisms governing patch formation and segmentation. Plain Language Summary: Polar cap patches are highly dense structures in the polar cap region, typically forming in the cusp region and moving toward the nightside due to ionospheric convections. To better understand the factors that govern the formation and segmentation of these patches, a combination of satellite and ground‐based observations is used to investigate two consecutive polar cap patches on 27 February 2014. We found that the configuration of IMF By and Bz significantly influences cusp region convection, causing dayside sunlit dense plasma to enter the polar cap when cusp convection expands equatorward and the flow shifts northward, a process that leads to patch formation. Additionally, we observe strong north‐westward flows of low‐density, high‐electron‐temperature plasma in the subauroral region during periods of geomagnetic disturbance, displaying characteristics of Subauroral Polarization Streams (SAPS). This flow is observed in the patch segmentation region along with the equatorward‐expanding, enhanced cusp convection. These observations indicate that SAPS, along with the expansion and contraction of ionospheric convection, play a key role in the segmentation of polar cap patches from their equatorward plasma reservoir. This study significantly advances our understanding of the dynamic mechanisms governing the formation and segmentation of polar cap patches. Key Points: The transient change of IMF By and Bz leads to the formation of the tongue of ionization and segmentation of polar cap patchesA tongue of ionization is segmented into two polar cap patches by low electron density, high electron temperature, fast westward flowsThe expansion/contraction of the ionospheric convection also plays a crucial role in the segmentation of dayside dense plasma [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]