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A new kind of open-end optical bottle formed by launching the circular Airy Gaussian vortex beams (CAGVBs) in the parabolic potential is demonstrated. Compared to the circular Airy beams, the CAGVBs in the parabolic potential still maintain abruptly auto-focusing property, but their focus spot is hollow. The focal intensity and the focal position can be adjusted by choosing different scaling factor, topological charge and potential depth. What's more, a closed-end or open-end optical bottle can be obtained by imposing two off-axis optical vortices rotating in the opposite or the same direction on the circular Airy Gaussian beams, respectively. Besides, when imposing one vortex in the radially and azimuthally polarized circular Airy Gaussian beams (RPCAGBs and APCAGBs), the topological charge of the vortices of the RPCAGBs and APCAGBs will affect the open state of RPCAGBs and APCAGBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal subtype of gliomas of the central nervous system. The efficacy of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) against GBM is significantly reduced by the expression of apoptosis‐inhibitory proteins in GBM cells. In this study, an intelligent nanoplatform (denoted as Aza‐BD@PC NPs) based on the aza‐boron‐dipyrromethene dye and phenyl chlorothionocarbonate‐modified DSPE‐PEG molecules is developed for synergistic ferroptosis‐enabled gas therapy (GT) and SDT of GBM. Once internalized by GBM cells, Aza‐BD@PC NPs showed effective cysteine (Cys) consumption and Cys‐triggered hydrogen sulfide (H2S) release for ferroptosis‐enabled GT, thereby disrupting homeostasis in the intracellular environment, affecting GBM cell metabolism, and inhibiting GBM cell proliferation. Additionally, the released Aza‐BD generated abundant singlet oxygen (1O2) under ultrasound irradiation for favorable SDT. In vivo and in vitro evaluations demonstrated that the combined functions of Cys consumption, H2S production, and 1O2 production induced significant death of GBM cells and markedly inhibited tumor growth, with an impressive inhibition rate of up to 97.5%. Collectively, this study constructed a cascade nanoreactor with satisfactory Cys depletion performance, excellent H2S release capability, and prominent reactive oxygen species production ability under ultrasound irradiation for the synergistic ferroptosis‐enabled GT and SDT of gliomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The raceway profile greatly influences the performance of a ball screw. Although the traditional circular raceway profile is simple in structure, it can be a limitation to the load carrying capacity of ball screws. In this paper, a novel type of ball screw raceway profile is proposed based on geometrical close contact theory. Firstly, the second-order approximation curve of the ball is derived using the McLaughlin formula in the normal plane of the raceway helix, which serves as the basis for constructing the close raceway profile. The mathematical expression of the contact stress distribution of the close raceway is then obtained using Chebyshev polynomials. A comparison and analysis of the contact stress distribution between the close raceway and the conventional raceway is carried out. Furthermore, simulation models of ball screws with the close raceway profile are established and the contact behavior of the ball with both types of raceways is statically simulated using ANSYS software. The dynamic performance of both ball screws is compared and analyzed using ADAMS software. The analysis results show that compared with the conventional raceway ball screw, the close raceway ball screw has lower stress, strain, and friction torque under the same load conditions. These research results have significant implications for the structural optimization of ball screws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As main components of terrestrial ecosystems, forests play irreplaceable roles in maintaining ecological balance and protecting the basic environment for human survival and development. In this study, the dynamic changes in the forest landscape connectivity in Zhejiang province in 2000, 2010, and 2020 were detected by identifying ecological sources and evaluating connectivity indexes based on morphological spatial analysis (MSPA) and a minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model. The results are as follows: (1) The forest area of Zhejiang increased by 64.88% from 2000 to 2020, indicating that the overall habitat quality has improved and that ecological risks have decreased, which are attributed to Zhejiang's adherence to comprehensive environmental management. (2) Regions with low connectivity are distributed mainly in the north, where human activities are intensive. The overall pattern of high connectivity in the middle of the region and low connectivity elsewhere demonstrates the uneven distribution of forest landscape connectivity across the province. (3) The extracted ecological corridors have a mesh-like structure that is dense in the middle and slack in the north. Important corridors have disappeared over time, indicating potential issues in maintaining connectivity for species migration. (4) These results can provide optimization strategies for ecological infrastructure planning in Zhejiang province and offer a theoretical reference for the optimization of the ecological network system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the existing problems such as short working time, manual synchronization, insufficient drilling depth recorded by “number of drill rods”, etc., a new type of trajectory-while-drilling instrument is developed by using the key technologies, such as depth real-time measurement, intelligent power management and automatic data synchronization and mapping. The new trajectory-while-drilling instrument is composed of linear displacement sensor, pressure sensor and Hall switch. It has the functions of automatic borehole depth measurement, intelligent power management, automatic matching of measurement data and depth, etc. The test results show that the new trajectory-while-drilling instrument works stably and reliably, does not need manual intervention, works for a long time, and has high production efficiency.

Despite growing recognition of nature-based solutions (NBS), there remains a research gap in understanding their implementation in urban areas, which poses a significant challenge for urban forest development. Therefore, our paper aims to explore the intersection of NBS with urban forests (UF), identify current barriers, propose strategies to maximize the potential of urban forests as nature-based solutions (UF-NBS) in effectively improving the resilience of urban forests, and enhance the service capacity of urban forest ecosystems. To achieve our objective, we conducted a comprehensive analysis that included a bibliometric review to summarize the evolution of the UF-NBS literature and classify UF-NBS types for the first time. Subsequently, we identified and organized current challenges faced by UF-NBS. Additionally, we proposed an original technological framework system for urban forest development based on NBS principles. The results show the significance of UF-NBS for enhancing urban resilience and human wellbeing, with multiple successful implementations in both China and Europe, validating their effectiveness. However, the implementation of UF-NBS faces several challenges, including inadequate financing, the gap between scientific knowledge and practical implementation, the absence of region-specific information, and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. This study contributes to establishing a scientific theoretical basis for integrating UF and NBS and provides a systematic approach for decision-makers in urban forest management. Future research should focus on exploring the integration of UF within the NBS framework and prioritize knowledge sharing, international cooperation, and education initiatives to promote the global adoption of UF-NBS and address pressing urban challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new type of structured electron beam is introduced, which is the electron Airy tornado wave (eATW) with the characteristics of abrupt auto‐focusing and rotation property in free space. It is also found that the eATWs propagate periodically in a magnetic field, and their patterns of intensity distributions show the time‐like axial symmetry about a half‐period point in a period of time. Furthermore, the influence of the magnetic field's magnitude and direction on eATWs with different parameters has also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents data from a phase 1 study on the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of selumetinib in Chinese pediatric and adult patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PN). The study found that selumetinib was well-tolerated, with most adverse events being mild. No unexpected trends or serious adverse events were observed, and no patients stopped treatment due to adverse events. The document also provides information on the adverse events experienced by patients receiving selumetinib, as well as the pharmacokinetics of the medication. Additionally, the document summarizes a study on the efficacy and safety of selumetinib in adults with NF1-PN in China. The study found promising efficacy and improvements in quality of life, but caution should be exercised when interpreting the efficacy data as it was a secondary endpoint. The study concluded that selumetinib has an acceptable benefit-risk profile and may address the medical needs of patients with NF1-PN in China. The study was funded by AstraZeneca and Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC. [Extracted from the article]