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414 results on '"Zhang, Yonggen"'

120. Growth, health, rumen fermentation, and bacterial community of Holstein calves fed Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during the preweaning stage()

Author

Zhang, Liyang, Jiang, Xin, Liu, Xin, Zhao, Xuejiao, Liu, Shuai, Li, Yang, and Zhang, Yonggen

Subjects
Male, Rumen, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Body Weight, food and beverages, Weaning, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Animal Feed, Diet, Butyrates, Feces, Fermentation, Animals, Cattle, Propionates, Ruminant Nutrition
Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine if feeding Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (GG, ATCC 53013) to neonatal calves would alter their growth, health, rumen fermentation, and bacterial community composition during the preweaning stage; we hypothesized that it would. Twenty-four male Holstein calves were blocked and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: 1) untreated control (CON), or 2) treated with 1 × 10(10) cfu/d of a GG suspension (GG). Calves received GG daily, mixed with the milk replacer in the morning feed for 6 wk. Starter and alfalfa hay intakes, as well as feces and respiratory scores, were recorded daily, while body weight and structures were measured weekly. Blood, rumen fluid, and feces samples were collected, from which relevant indicators were detected. The results showed that the administration of GG significantly increased voluntary starter intake (P = 0.023) and ADG (P = 0.035) of the calves. The fecal score (P = 0.018) was lower and the β-hydroxybutyric concentration in the plasma tended to increase (P = 0.092) in calves treated with GG. The pH of the rumen fluid in calves fed GG was lower (P = 0.007), which might be attributable to the tendency (P = 0.083) for total volatile fatty acids concentration to increase. Administration of GG significantly increased the amylase, protease activity, and the microbial protein concentrations (P = 0.043, P = 0.036, and P = 0.044, respectively) in the rumen fluids. Furthermore, GG treatment altered the dominant bacteria order and relative abundance of the bacteria families in the rumen fluids. The microbial diversity indices were significantly affected by GG administration. In conclusion, the neonatal calves fed GG before weaning increased their voluntary starter intake and growth performance, improved the rumen fermentation, and regulated the pattern to normally increase the propionate and butyrate concentrations. Administration of GG also diversified the bacterial community composition in the rumen, and regulated the balance of rumen and intestinal microorganisms. These results indicated that feeding calves GG were beneficial to the rumen development and early weaning.

Published
2019

123. Automatic monitoring system for individual dairy cows based on a deep learning framework that provides identification via body parts and estimation of body condition score

Author

Cui Ziqi, Li Runze, Li Yang, Huo Pengju, Zhang Yonggen, Dai Baisheng, Wang Yujie, and Sun Yukun

Subjects
Accuracy and precision, Coefficient of determination, Correlation coefficient, Computer science, Animal Welfare, Convolutional neural network, Phase congruency, 03 medical and health sciences, Deep Learning, Linear regression, Genetics, Animals, Lactation, 030304 developmental biology, Ultrasonography, 0303 health sciences, Artificial neural network, business.industry, Deep learning, 0402 animal and dairy science, Pattern recognition, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, Dairying, Body Composition, Linear Models, Animal Science and Zoology, Cattle, Female, Artificial intelligence, business, Food Science
Abstract

Body condition score (BCS) is a common tool for indirectly estimating the mobilization of energy reserves in the fat and muscle of cattle that meets the requirements of animal welfare and precision livestock farming for the effective monitoring of individual animals. However, previous studies on automatic BCS systems have used manual scoring for data collection, and traditional image extraction methods have limited model performance accuracy. In addition, the radio frequency identification device system commonly used in ranching has the disadvantages of misreadings and damage to bovine bodies. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop and validate an automatic system for identifying individuals and assessing BCS using a deep learning framework. This work developed a linear regression model of BCS using ultrasound backfat thickness to determine BCS for training sets and tested a system based on convolutional neural networks with 3 channels, including depth, gray, and phase congruency, to analyze the back images of 686 cows. After we performed an analysis of image model performance, online verification was used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the system. The results showed that the selected linear regression model had a high coefficient of determination value (0.976), and the correlation coefficient between manual BCS and ultrasonic BCS was 0.94. Although the overall accuracy of the BCS estimations was high (0.45, 0.77, and 0.98 within 0, 0.25, and 0.5 unit, respectively), the validation for actual BCS ranging from 3.25 to 3.5 was weak (the F1 scores were only 0.6 and 0.57, respectively, within the 0.25-unit range). Overall, individual identification and BCS assessment performed well in the online measurement, with accuracies of 0.937 and 0.409, respectively. A system for individual identification and BCS assessment was developed, and a convolutional neural network using depth, gray, and phase congruency channels to interpret image features exhibited advantages for monitoring thin cows.

Published
2018

131. In vitro digestion of emulsified lard‐based diacylglycerols.

Author

Diao, Xiaoqin, Guan, Haining, Kong, Baohua, Liu, Dengyong, and Zhang, Yonggen

Subjects
DIGLYCERIDES, FAT substitutes, DIGESTION, MEAT, MEAT alternatives
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diacylglycerols as a fat substitute in meat products is a growing area of interest. This study was conducted to analyze the digestion rate, digestion extent, and changes in interfacial properties of lard, glycerolized lard (GL), and purified GL (PGL) in an emulsions system by pH‐stat in vitro digestion. RESULTS: PGL had significantly higher hydrolysis rate and final digestion extent than lard (P ≤ 0.05) during in vitro digestion. The analysis on diameter variations of lard, GL, and PGL during digestion indicated that the surface‑ and volume‐weighted mean particle diameters of all samples had the same variation trend, but variation degree was different. Concurrently, the ζ‐potential analysis of the lard, GL, and PGL during the digestion process showed that the absolute values of the ζ‐potentials of the three types of lipids increased at first and subsequently decreased. The microstructure changes results for lard, GL, and PGL showed there was no obvious flocculation, and the particle size of lard throughout the digestion process was larger than that of GL and PGL. CONCLUSION: This study showed that lard‐based diacylglycerols had high digestibility characteristics and could be applied as a functional lipid in meat products to improve human health. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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132. Pedotransfer functions in Earth system science: challenges and perspectives

Author

Van Looy, Kris, Bouma, Johan, Herbst, Michael, Koestel, John, Minasny, Budiman, Mishra, Umakant, Montzka, Carsten, Nemes, Attila, Pachepsky, Yakov A., Padarian, José, Schaap, Marcel G., Tóth, Brigitta, Verhoef, Anne, Vanderborght, Jan, van der Ploeg, Martine J., Weihermüller, Lutz, Zacharias, Steffen, Zhang, Yonggen, and Vereecken, Harry

Subjects
WIMEK, Biogeochemical processes, Extrapolation, land surface model, extrapolation, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, heat flow, Soil Physics and Land Management, Hydraulic properties, soil properties, ddc:550, biogeochemical processes, Soil properties, Land surface model, Heat flow, hydraulic properties
Abstract

Soil, through its various functions, plays a vital role in the Earth's ecosystems and provides multiple ecosystem services to humanity. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are simple to complex knowledge rules that relate available soil information to soil properties and variables that are needed to parameterize soil processes. In this paper, we review the existing PTFs and document the new generation of PTFs developed in the different disciplines of Earth system science. To meet the methodological challenges for a successful application in Earth system modeling, we emphasize that PTF development has to go hand in hand with suitable extrapolation and upscaling techniques such that the PTFs correctly represent the spatial heterogeneity of soils. PTFs should encompass the variability of the estimated soil property or process, in such a way that the estimation of parameters allows for validation and can also confidently provide for extrapolation and upscaling purposes capturing the spatial variation in soils. Most actively pursued recent developments are related to parameterizations of solute transport, heat exchange, soil respiration, and organic carbon content, root density, and vegetation water uptake. Further challenges are to be addressed in parameterization of soil erosivity and land use change impacts at multiple scales. We argue that a comprehensive set of PTFs can be applied throughout a wide range of disciplines of Earth system science, with emphasis on land surface models. Novel sensing techniques provide a true breakthrough for this, yet further improvements are necessary for methods to deal with uncertainty and to validate applications at global scale.

Published
2017
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142. Screening of live yeast and yeast derivatives for their impact of strain and dose on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial profiles with varying media pH levels in high‐forage beef cattle diet.

Author

Jiao, Peixin, Wei, Chuanzi, Sun, Youran, Xie, Xiaolai, Zhang, Yonggen, Wang, Sutian, Hu, Guanghui, AlZahal, Ousama, and Yang, Wenzhu

Subjects
BEEF cattle, YEAST, FERMENTATION, FORAGE, FOOD science, ANIMAL feeds, FORAGE plants
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Yeast products showed beneficial effects with respect to stabilizing ruminal pH, stimulating ruminal fermentation and improving production efficiency. Batch cultures were conducted to evaluate the effects of yeast products on gas production (GP), dry matter disappearance (DMD) and fermentation characteristics of high‐forage substrate. The study was a two media pH (5.8 and 6.5) × five yeasts (three live yeasts, LY: LY1, LY2, LY3; two yeast derivatives, YD: YD4, YD5) × four dosages factorial arrangement, with monensin (Mon) assigned as a positive control. RESULTS: Greater (P < 0.01) GP, DMD, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, ratio of acetate to propionate (A:P) and copy numbers of Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were observed at pH 6.5 than at pH 5.8. The GP kinetics, DMD, VFA concentration, A:P and NH3‐N concentration differed (P < 0.05) among yeasts but varied with media pH or yeast dosages. Increasing doses of LY3 linearly increased DMD (P < 0.04) and VFA concentration (P < 0.001) at media pH 5.8. The DMD linearly (P < 0.02) increased with increased addition of YD4 (pH 6.5) and YD5 (pH 5.8) and the ratio of A:P linearly decreased (P < 0.01) with the addition of YD4 or YD5 at pH 5.8. Overall greater (P < 0.05) GP, A:P (pH 5.8) and DMD (pH 6.5) were observed with yeast products than with Mon. CONCLUSION: LY3 appeared to be an interesting candidate for improving rumen digestibility and fermentation efficiency, particularly at low media pH. YD4 or YD5 improved fermentation efficiency and can be potentially fed as an alternative to Mon. © 2019 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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143. Deep Learning Integrating Scale Conversion and Pedo‐Transfer Function to Avoid Potential Errors in Cross‐Scale Transfer

Author

Li, Peijun, Zha, Yuanyuan, Zhang, Yonggen, Michael Tso, Chak‐Hau, Attinger, Sabine, Samaniego, Luis, and Peng, Jian

Abstract

Pedo‐transfer functions (PTFs) relate soil/landscape static properties to a wide range of model inputs (e.g., soil hydraulic parameters) that are essential to soil hydrological modeling. Combining PTFs and hydrological models is a powerful strategy allowing the use of soil/landscape static properties for the generalization of large‐scale modeling. However, since the spatial scales of soil hydraulic parameters required for model inputs and soil/landscape static properties are often not identical, cross‐scale transfer is required, which can be a significant source of errors. Here, we investigate uncertainties in cross‐scale transfer and develop an approach that avoids them. The proposed method uses the convolutional neural network (CNN) as a cross‐scale transfer approach to directly map soil/landscape static properties to soil hydraulic parameters across different spatial scales. The proposed CNN approach is applied under two different estimation strategies to invert the hydraulic parameters of a soil‐water balance model and subsequently the quality of the parameters is assessed. Both synthetical and real‐world results around the conterminous United States indicate that in general the employed end‐to‐end strategy is superior to the two‐step strategy. The CNN‐based integrated model successfully reduces potential errors in cross‐scale transfer and can be applied to other areas lacking information on hydraulic parameters or observations. The proposed method can be extended to improve parameter estimation in earth system models and enhance our understanding of key hydrological processes. Uncertainties in scale conversion and pedo‐transfer function from cross‐scale transfer are systematically investigatedA convolutional neural network that integrates scale conversion and pedo‐transfer functions is proposedOur methods effectively incorporate static properties at different scales and reduce errors in the cross‐scale transfer Uncertainties in scale conversion and pedo‐transfer function from cross‐scale transfer are systematically investigated A convolutional neural network that integrates scale conversion and pedo‐transfer functions is proposed Our methods effectively incorporate static properties at different scales and reduce errors in the cross‐scale transfer

Published
2024
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150. 16S amplicon sequencing and untargeted metabolomics reveal changes in rumen microorganisms and metabolic pathways involved in the reduction of methane by cordycepin

Author

Ma, Haokai, Liu, Dengke, Liu, Rui, Li, Yang, Lambo, Modinat Tolani, Dai, Baisheng, Shen, Weizheng, Qu, Yongli, and Zhang, Yonggen

Abstract

As a major contributor to methane production in agriculture, there is a need for a suitable methane inhibitor to reduce ruminant methane emissions and minimize the impact on the climate. This work aimed to explore the influence of cordycepin on rumen fermentation, gas production, microbiome and their metabolites. A total of 0.00, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, and 0.64 g L-1cordycepin were added into fermentation bottles containing 2g total mixed ration for in vitroruminal fermentation, and then the gas produced and fermentation parameters were measured for each bottle. Samples from the 0.00 and 0.64 g L-1cordycepin addition were selected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolome analysis. The result of this experiment indicated that the addition of cordycepin could linearly increase the concentration of total volatile fatty acid, ammonia nitrogen, the proportion of propionate, valerate, and isovalerate, and linearly reduce ruminal pH and methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and total gas production, as well as the methane proportion, carbon dioxide proportion and proportion of butyrate. In addition, there was a quadratic relationship between hydrogen and cordycepin addition. At the same time, the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum, Prevotella, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, NK4A214_group, Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, unclassified_F082, Veillonellaceae_UCG_001, Dasytricha, Ophryoscolex, Isotricha, unclassified_Eukaryota, Methanobrevibacter,and Piromycesdecreased significantly after adding the maximum dose of cordycepin. In contrast, the relative abundance of Succinivibrio, unclassified_Succinivibrionaceae, Prevotellaceae_UCG_001, unclassified_Lachnospiraceae, Lachnospira, Succinivibrionaceae_UCG_002, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Entodinium, Polyplastron, unclassified_Methanomethylophilaceae, Methanosphaera,and Candidatus_Methanomethylophilusincreased significantly. Metabolic pathways such as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and purine metabolism and metabolites such as arachidonic acid, adenine, and 2′-deoxyguanosine were also affected by the addition of cordycepin. Based on this, we conclude that cordycepin is an effective methane emission inhibitor that can change the rumen metabolites and fermentation parameters by influencing the rumen microbiome, thus regulating rumen methane production. This experiment may provide a potential theoretical reference for developing Cordyceps byproduct or additives containing cordycepin as methane inhibitors.

Published
2024
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