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Abstract: With the availability of multi-wavelength, multi-scale and multi-epoch astronomical catalogues, the number of features to describe astronomical objects has increases. The better features we select to classify objects, the higher the classification accuracy is. In this paper, we have used data sets of stars and quasars from near-infrared band and radio band. Then best-first search method was applied to select features. For the data with selected features, the algorithm of decision table was implemented. The classification accuracy is more than 95.9%. As a result, the feature selection method improves the effectiveness and efficiency of the classification method. Moreover the result shows that decision table is robust and effective for discrimination of celestial objects and used for preselecting quasar candidates for large survey projects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents results of ongoing research on fundamental issues related to comb drive, including mechanical and electrical properties. Attention is mostly focused on the case when comb drive is used as a power source with a cantilever beam attached to the moving plate. FEM simulations are carried out to show the resonant behaviour of balanced and unbalanced comb drive. Fringing effect, which helps to actuate the comb drive, is modeled. Different measurement approaches in frequency domain are discussed. Theoretical formulas are derived and analyzed. In this work we designed and fabricated both balanced and unbalanced comb drives using MUMPs (Multi-user MEMS Processes) technology. Balanced comb drives exhibit superior stability both in SEM observations and spectrum analysis. Formulas governing the spectrum are experimentally verified by mixing frequency measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: It has recently been shown that the symmetric gauge functions on the canonical (principal) angles give a family of unitarily invariant metrics between linear subspaces of the same dimension. In this short paper, we extend such metrics to subspaces of possibly different dimensions. This extension is necessary in addressing some perturbation analysis problems involving subspaces with different dimensions. Examples of such perturbation analysis problems are also studied in this paper using the extended metrics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Two voltage symbolic functions are defined to determine the fault segment. • Fault location equation is established based on the characteristic component. • Two-population Differential Evolution algorithm can accurately solve the equation. • ACD-IGLFD adaptively extracts the characteristic component and its appearing moment. Because the traditional fault location method cannot be applied to overhead and cable hybrid transmission line in the VSC-HVDC system, this paper proposes a novel fault location method, which primarily uses the principle of first determining the fault segment and then locating the fault point in the fault segment. Two voltage symbolic functions are defined, and the fault segment is determined according to the different numerical combinations of the two voltage symbolic functions. Through combining adaptive characteristic scale decomposition with improved general local frequency decomposition to adaptively extract the fault characteristic component, the intra-segment location equation is established based on the characteristic component to locate the fault point. The simulation results verify that the proposed method can accurately locate the fault point for the overhead and cable hybrid transmission line in the VSC-HVDC system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The normalized closed aperture Z-scan experimental and theoretical fitted result of the (C 3 H 4 N 2) 2 Cu(NCS) 2 crystal thin film for 20 ps 532 nm laser pulses. [Display omitted] • Single crystal structure of bis(imidazole)-bis(isothiocyanato)-copper(II) were determined. • Its crystal thin film's nonlinear optical properties were studied using Z-scan technique. • Theoretical calculations were performed. A novel metal-organic complex: bis(imidazole)-bis(isothiocyanato)-copper(II) ((C 3 H 4 N 2) 2 Cu(NCS) 2) has been synthesized, its crystal structure has been determined by means of X-ray single crystal diffraction. The copper(II) ion is four coordinated with the four nitrogen atoms in a square planar environment, short contacts of C-H⋯C and S‾⋯Cu2+ leading to the formation of a two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular plane structure parallel ab plane. Its crystal thin film were prepared using in-situ crystallization methods on quartz substrates. The surface morphology of the thin film were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the thin film were investigated by using closed aperture Z-scan technique with 20 picosecond (ps) pulses at wavelength 532 nm. Time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) with the basis set LanL2DZ were used in theoretically computing the frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) and molecule's second hyperpolarizability γ value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Analysis for Hybrid-HVDC transmission line fault evolution process. • Adaptive criterion for judging when the fault evolves into the AC feed-in stage. • Equivalent characteristic impedance-based Hybrid-HVDC line fault location principle. • Extraction algorithm for the characteristic component at the AC feed-in stage. • Comparison of the proposed fault location principle with the existing methods. Aiming at the transmission line fault in Hybrid-HVDC system, this paper divides the fault evolution process into different stages according to the difference of transition resistance at the fault point and the conduction state change of power electronic devices, emphatically analyzes the conversion conditions between different stages, and proposes an adaptive criterion for judging the moment when the fault evolves into AC feed-in stage. Based on the characteristic component of electrical quantities at AC feed-in stage, this paper defines the equivalent characteristic impedance at any point of transmission line, derives the functional relationship between the fault distance and the equivalent characteristic impedance at inverter side DC bus, and locates the fault point according to this relationship. In order to extract the characteristic component of electrical quantities, a characteristic component extraction algorithm is studied, it can effectively eliminate the influence of constant DC component and decaying aperiodic component. This paper builds the Hybrid-HVDC system simulation model and carries out simulation experiments on PSCAD/EMTDC, and compares the proposed fault location principle with the existing methods. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the adaptive criterion for judging the AC feed-in stage starting moment and the proposed fault location principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light-curve data are one of the most important data sources in time domain astronomy research. With the advancement of observation facilities and the continuous accumulation of observation data, and considering the analysis needs of large sample data sets, software or tools based on new technologies, especially artificial intelligence (AI), will be indispensable for light-curve analysis. The light-curve analysis tool designed by an individual will follow its own defined data structure, which will make the tools designed and developed by different individuals incompatible. A unified light-curve data model will be able to solve this compatibility problem, similar to the traditional flexible image transport system (FITS) file format. This paper proposes a light-curve data model named TSCat, designs and implements a data storage engine. The TSCat data model defines the basic metadata and format required for storing optical curve data following the international virtual observatory alliance (IVOA) data format specification system. The TSCat storage engine implements basic operations such as importing, storing, and accessing light-curve data. The function and performance of the TSCat storage engine are evaluated through the actual observation data. The experimental results show that the TSCat data model is complete enough to support the analysis of light curves. TSCat will help support the standardization of the data access level of software and tools in the field of light-curve analysis, and provide a new reference for the specification system of astronomical scientific data formats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world's population grows, resulting in the aggravating trend of aging population, it brings with it an increase in the demand for blood. Nowadays, in most cities, the blood distribution network is based on a single distribution centre pattern, with the blood centre acting as distribution centre for one-to-one distribution. However, despite its convenience, this pattern has a high frequency of delivery, increased risk of blood shortage, and generates high carbon emissions. This paper aims to understand the real-life problems of the current blood distribution network and to design a more rational blood distribution network by taking the characteristics of the blood supply chain into account. Two blood distribution network patterns are considered, the current single distribution centre pattern and the proposed multiple distribution centre pattern. In order to minimise environmental impacts, we introduce open vehicle routing problem for blood delivery routes planning, using mixed integer programming for modelling, to compare the carbon emissions between the two blood distribution network patterns. Numerical experimental results demonstrate that applying the proposed BDN can reduce carbon emissions by an average of 25.84% and up to 29.59%, and the delivery time in emergency situations is significantly reduced by an average of 33.15%. Such studies are essential for both reducing carbon emissions and safeguarding patients' lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts a comparative study of the tensile performance of plug-pin scaffold joints under different temperatures. The current research objects are mostly for the traditional low carbon steel scaffolding, and lack of research on the tensile performance of scaffolding joints in low temperature conditions. In this paper, based on the temporary seating facilities of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games complex, a new type of sorbite stainless steel was used. The tensile bearing capacity, damage mode and strain distribution patterns of the sorbite stainless steel joints and traditional Q355 joints under different temperature conditions were studied with finite element model and parametric analysis. The results indicated that for traditional Q355 joints, damage primarily occurs in the form of wedge bending deformation, and that decreasing temperature leads to increased tensile bearing and yield capacity. In contrast, for sorbite stainless steel joints, higher tensile bearing capacity was observed at +20 °C, but at −20 °C and − 40 °C conditions, the bend of the C-type card becomes more prone to crack. The accuracy of the ABAQUS finite element model is verified by comparing it with test results. Increasing the thickness of the U-type and C-type cards can slightly increase the tensile bearing capacity of the joint and a minimum wall thickness of 2.7 mm is recommended. Two suggestions are proposed for improving the joint design using sorbite stainless steel. The research provides a premise for further studies on the tensile performance of plug-pin scaffold joints. • A low-temperature loading test device and method for joints are proposed. It offers a test environment of −70 °C ∼ 150 °C. • The material properties of sorbite stainless steel and Q355 at −40 °C, −20 °C and room temperature are studied. • The mechanical properties of plug-pin scaffold joints using sorbite stainless steel and Q355 at low temperatures are studied. • The tensile properties of plug-pin scaffold joints at different low temperatures are investigated. • Theoretical load-displacement modeling of plug-pin scaffold joints is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plug-pin scaffold is extensively utilised in the field of engineering. However, the current research focuses exclusively on typical mild steel scaffolding. Insufficient research has been conducted on the compressive properties of scaffolding nodes under low temperature conditions. This study compares the compressive bearing capacity, damage mechanism, and strain distribution of the innovative sorbite stainless steel nodes and the classic Q355 nodes under different temperature circumstances, using the plug-pin scaffold as the research object. The study demonstrates that when the node experiences pressure, a noticeable concave deformation arises at the point of contact between the riser and the U-type card. While the temperature decreases from −20 °C to −40 °C, the node's initial compressive stiffness and maximum compressive load capacity improve by around 10% to 20% while using the same material. At a temperature of −20 °C, the initial compressive stiffness of the node is compared to that at +20 °C, resulting in an increase in maximum compressive load capacity by a magnitude of 0 to 10%. The compressive qualities of the sorbite stainless steel nodes surpass those of the Q355 nodes. Upon comparing the test results with the obtained results, it is evident that the highest error does not surpass 3.4%. Therefore, the model may be deemed both practical and accurate. Enhancing the quantity and dimensions of U-type cards, as well as the thickness of the pipe wall, can enhance the capacity to withstand compressive loads at the nodes. Nevertheless, the augmentation of pipe wall thickness has a minimal impact on the node's ability to bear compressive loads. Increasing the quantity of U-type cards exclusively enhances the initial compressive stiffness of the node. • To propose a low-temperature test device and method suitable for small nodes. It can provide a environment of −70° ∼ 150°. • Adopting a separated cryogenic loading device to facilitate the installation and removal of nodes and connectors. • Study the material properties of sorbite stainless steel and Q355 at −40°, −20° and room temperature. • Study the mechanical properties of pin-type scaffolding nodes using sorbite stainless steel at different low temperatures. • This paper investigates the compressive properties of plug-pin scaffolding nodes at different low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We compared soil comprehensive quality between vegetable and fruit greenhouses. • We adopted minimum dataset and modified Nemerow index for soil quality assessments. • Fertility quality more impacts the greenhouse soil than environmental factors do. • High EC and low SOM were main factors to reduce the fertility of greenhouse soil. • The accumulation of Cd and Hg in topsoil threats soil environment quality. The increasing demand of fruits and vegetables has resulted in the rapid growth of plastic greenhouse production (PGP) systems worldwide. A comprehensive assessment method considering both soil fertility and environmental safety is necessary for the sustainable development of PGP systems. A total of 92 vegetable greenhouses in Jingyang County and 28 fruit greenhouses in Dali County in Shaanxi Province, China, were selected for comparing the changes of soil quality under two cultivation patterns. The soil comprehensive quality index (SQI) in Jingyang (0.53) was significantly higher than that in Dali (0.46) (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between the SQI and the soil fertility index (SFI) (p < 0.01), suggesting that the SQI was mainly dependent on the soil fertility level in greenhouses. The primary limiting factors of the SFI in PGP in Jingyang and Dali were low soil organic matter content (19.57 g kg−1) and high electrical conductivity (1303 μS cm−1), respectively, indicating that soil in greenhouses in Jingyang and Dali might experience nutrient deficiencies and soil salinity accumulation problems, respectively. Cd and Hg were main limiting factors of soil environmental index (SEI), especially Hg. The SEI in Dali (0.74) was significantly lower than that in Jingyang (0.81) due to differences in the geo-accumulation indexes of heavy metals in the topsoil in greenhouses. Considering that no significant difference was found in the SFI between two study areas, the SEI is likely responsible for the regional differences in the SQI in PGP. The negative correlation of the SEI with the cultivation ages of plasticulture indicated that heavy metal accumulation problems would be the primary limiting factor of the SQI in the future if greenhouses cannot be managed appropriately. Our study provides data support for soil quality management in PGP systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel the wide area information based multi-Agent power system on-line out-of-step splitting control system is designed, which can effectively ensure the security of power system after out-of-step oscillation. • The frequency characteristics of buses during out-of-step oscillation process is studied, and an corresponding out-of-step center locating method is proposed. • An innovative optimal splitting section quick searching scheme is studied. It can quickly obtain the optimal splitting section within a very small search scope, which breaks the limitation of traditional method that it is difficult to determine the out of step splitting section online. A wide area information based power system out-of-step splitting multi-Agent control system is studied in this paper. It has distributed design structure, the Agents with different functions in different layers cooperate to dynamically detect out-of-step oscillation, locate out-of-step centers and search the optimal splitting section, which is not limited by power system structure and operation mode. For on-line determining the optimal out-of-step splitting section, an out-of-step center locating method is proposed firstly and the electrical components where the out-of-step centers locate are selected as the initial splitting section. Then the power balance in split islands is taken as the optimization goal and searching rules are formulated, the layer by layer searching scheme is adopted to obtain the finial splitting section to ensure the stable operation of each island after splitting. The searching scheme meets the requirements of the optimal splitting section on-line search in meshed power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• There were large spatiotemporal variations of SOC in eastern China during 1981–2011. • Drivers affecting spatiotemporal changes in SOC were explored by Geodetector model. • Topography, soil texture, and carbon inputs affected the spatial variability in SOC. • Land use changes and carbon inputs were the main factors for temporal changes of SOC. Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its controlling factors is extremely important for improving soil quality and developing sustainable management practices. We quantified spatiotemporal variations in SOC in three typical regions (Shuyang, Rugao, and Shanghai) in southeastern China during 1981–2011, by using geographically weighted regression (GWR), and explored the drivers with a geographical detector method. A total of 219 topsoil samples were collected in the three regions to measure the SOC in 2011, and a total of 109 SOC data for 1981 were obtained from the soil survey reports of Shuyang, Rugao, and Shanghai, which involved in the database of the second national soil survey of China. The results showed that the mean SOC contents in 2011 were 14.68 g kg−1, 9.55 g kg−1, and 18.00 g kg−1 in Shuyang, Rugao, and Shanghai, respectively. The topography (q = 0.60) and the sand content of the soil (q = 0.70) were the main drivers of the spatial variability in the SOC in Shuyang and Rugao, while the carbon inputs (q = 0.68) predominantly explained the spatial heterogeneity of the SOC in Shanghai. Significant increases in SOC storage occurred in Shuyang and Rugao from 1981 to 2011, with increase rates of 0.55 t ha−1 yr−1 and 0.26 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Land use change (dryland farming to rice cultivation) was identified as the largest driver of the SOC increases in Shuyang and Rugao (q values of 0.16 and 0.09, respectively), followed by increasing carbon inputs (0.14 and 0.07). However, the SOC storage in Shanghai rapidly decreased at a rate of −0.38 t ha−1 yr−1 during 1981–2011. The land use change from wetlands to rice cultivation was the primary reason for the decreasing SOC (q = 0.24), and a net decrease in carbon inputs between 1981 and 2011 was another main driver of the reduction in the SOC in Shanghai (q = 0.14). Our results from this study provide important information on the spatiotemporal changes in SOC and its drivers to the scientific community and decision-makers, for the development of management strategies to sustain soil fertility in many areas with rapid economic development and increasing populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex and refractory malignant tumor, ranking the third cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Lenvatinib is currently employed to treat advanced, unresectable HCC as a first-line drug. The purpose of this study was to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of lenvatinib acting on HCC through the analysis of differential expressed genes based on network pharmacology. The target genes of lenvatinib were collected from PubChem, SwissTargetPrediction, PharmMapper, and BATMAN-TCM online public databases. In addition, related gene targets for HCC were obtained using NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI-GEO) database. Afterward, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to visualize and understand the interaction relationships of overlapping gene targets from both lenvatinib and HCC. Furthermore, according to the data obtained, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that these intersectant genes were mainly enriched in response to xenobiotic stimulus, gland development, ion channel complex, membrane raft, and steroid binding. Besides, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the therapeutic effects of lenvatinib on HCC probably involved bile secretion, MAPK signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and Ras signaling pathway. Moreover, a total of six key differential genes, namely, ALB, CCND1, ESR1, AR, CCNA2, and AURKA, were identified as most significant targets associated with lenvatinib treating HCC and further verified by molecular docking, which demonstrated that lenvatinib had a strong binding efficiency with these six key gene-encoded proteins. Taken together, this study systematically provided new insights for researchers to determine the intervention mechanisms of lenvatinib in HCC therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surveys conducted by radio astronomy observatories, such as SKA, MeerKAT, Very Large Array, and ASKAP, have generated massive astronomical images containing radio galaxies (RGs). This generation of massive RG images has imposed strict requirements on the detection and classification of RGs and makes manual classification and detection increasingly difficult, even impossible. Rapid classification and detection of images of different types of RGs help astronomers make full use of the observed astronomical image data for further processing and analysis. The classification of FRI and FRII is relatively easy, and there are more studies and literature on them at present, but FR0 and FRI are similar, so it is difficult to distinguish them. It poses a greater challenge to image processing. At present, deep learning has made breakthrough progress in the field of image analysis and processing and has preliminary applications in astronomical data processing. Compared with classification algorithms that can only classify galaxies, object detection algorithms that can locate and classify RGs simultaneously are preferred. In target detection algorithms, YOLOv5 has outstanding advantages in the classification and positioning of small targets. Therefore, we propose a deep-learning method based on an improved YOLOv5 object detection model that makes full use of multisource data, combining FIRST radio with SDSS optical image data, and realizes the automatic detection of FR0, FRI, and FRII RGs. The innovation of our work is that on the basis of the original YOLOv5 object detection model, we introduce the SE Net attention mechanism, increase the number of preset anchors, adjust the network structure of the feature pyramid, and modify the network structure, thereby allowing our model to demonstrate galaxy classification and position detection effects. Our improved model produces satisfactory results, as evidenced by experiments. Overall, the mean average precision (mAP@0.5) of our improved model on the test set reaches 89.4%, which can determine the position (R.A. and decl.) and automatically detect and classify FR0s, FRIs, and FRIIs. Our work contributes to astronomy because it allows astronomers to locate FR0, FRI, and FRII galaxies in a relatively short time and can be further combined with other astronomically generated data to study the properties of these galaxies. The target detection model can also help astronomers find FR0s, FRIs, and FRIIs in future surveys and build a large-scale star RG catalog. Moreover, our work is also useful for the detection of other types of galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A weak polyelectrolyte coating, carboxylated poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate), was prepared viasurface initiated polymerization (SIP) from initiators immobilized to gold surface through the Au–S bonds. When dry thickness increased up to 75 nm, this polyelectrolyte coating was pulled off the Au substrate by simply exposing to phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH = 7.4, [Na+] = 150 mM). This covalent bond breaking (CBB) behavior was monitored in situusing a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and CBB was associated with the swelling of the anchored polyelectrolyte chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new simple fluorescence sensor (X) was designed and synthesized based on 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. • X could be used as multifunctional sensor for sequential detection of Al3+, F− and PPi. • The detection limits for Al3+, F− and PPi were calculated to be 3.57 × 10-8 M, 9.24 × 10-9 M and 3.14 × 10-8 M, respectively. • The binding details and sensing mechanism for Al3+, F− and PPi were proposed and proved by theoretical calculation. • X was proved to have practical application potential by real water sample experiment and test paper strip experiment. Based on imidazo[2,1- b thiazole and 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, a simple sensor, (E)-N'-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-6-carbohydrazide (X), was designed and synthesized and its fluorescence responses to various ions were explored in DMF/H 2 O buffer solution (v:v = 1:1, tris =10 mM, pH = 7.4). The X could be used as "turn on" sensor to detect Al3+. The resultant complex X [Al3+ could be used as a new multifunctional sensor to recognition of F− through the further enhancement of fluorescence intensity and to detection of PPi by the fluorescence quenching. The detection limits for Al3+, F− and PPi were calculated to be 3.57 × 10-8 M, 9.49 × 10-9 M and 3.24 × 10-8 M, respectively. According to ESI-MS studies, the binding ratio for Al3+ and F− were determined both as 1:1. Otherwise, the binding details and sensing mechanism for Al3+, F− and PPi were proposed and proved by theoretical calculation. The application experiments proved that X could be made into test paper strips for Al3+, F− and PPi and could be used as a sensor to recognition of Al3+, F− and PPi in tap water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Colorless needle crystals of ligustilide (LIGc) resolved the stability of LIG, improving drug potency. • LIGc was distributed to the main tissues and organs of rats, and its absolute oral bioavailability exceeded 72.57%. • LIGc is a candidate drug for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, with low toxicity and the ability to cross the BBB. Ligustilide (LIG) is the main active ingredient of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels and has a neuroprotective effect against ischemic stroke. However, owing to its multi-conjugated unstable structure, the compound has poor drug-forming properties. Therefore, we synthesized highly stable colorless needle crystals (known as ligusticum cycloprolactam, LIGc) through the structural modification of LIG. After a stability experiment was conducted at room temperature for four months, no impurity peaks were found by HPLC-DAD analysis, which indicated that LIGc resolved the stability issues of LIG. LIGc was absorbed and eliminated rapidly after intravenous administration (C max = 6.42 ± 1.65 mg/L at a dose of 20 mg/kg) and oral administration (T max = 0.5 h, C max = 9.89 ± 1.62 mg/L at a dose of 90 mg/kg, t 1/2z approximately 2.5 h). The absolute oral bioavailability (F) of LIGc was clearly higher than the F of LIG reported in the literature (F, 83.97 % versus 2.6 %). Linear dose-dependent pharmacokinetics were observed after oral administration, with a higher area under the curve (AUC 0-t , 22.31 ± 2.88 mg/L*h) observed at 90 mg/kg than that at 45 mg/kg (AUC 0-t , 13.673 ± 0.666 mg/L*h). Tissue distribution results indicated that LIGc easily crossed the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and was distributed widely to the main tissues and organs of rats. We also conducted a preliminary safety assessment of LIGc by means of an acute toxicity test in KM mice. All mice had excellent health status (ig, dosage of 5.0 g/kg), with no histopathological changes observed in the main organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Comparisons of the effects of mono-, bi- and tri-stable potentials are analyzed in a coupled VEH driven by colored noise. • An extended stochastic averaging is applied to deal with the strongly nonlinear tri-stable system under colored noise. • Tri-stable VEH can achieve better SR effect and higher power conversion efficiency compared with bi-stable VEH. • Larger periodic force can enhance SR effect but weaken power conversion efficiency for tri-stable VEH. Vibration energy harvester (VEH) has proven to be a favorable potential technique to supply continuous energy from ambient vibrations and its performance is greatly influenced by the design of potential structures. Motivated by the enhancement of energy harvesting performance, an electromechanical coupled VEH under colored noise and periodic excitations is investigated theoretically and numerically, and comparisons of the effects of mono-, bi- and tri-stable potentials are analyzed in detail. An uncoupled equivalent system, together with its joint probability density function (PDF), are derived by using the generalized harmonic transformation and the stochastic averaging based on energy-dependent frequency. For three kinds of different potentials, the effects of the periodic excitation, colored noise, potential shape and other crucial system parameters are explored on the dynamical behaviors. Results show that tri-stable VEH outperforms the mono- and bi-stable VEHs in mean harvested power and can achieve better stochastic resonance (SR) effect and higher power conversion efficiency by choosing the optimal system parameters, such as noise intensity, electromechanical coupling coefficient and time constant ratio. Moreover, the periodic excitation can change the topological characteristic of transient PDF, and larger periodic force can enhance SR effect but will weaken the power conversion efficiency. The theoretical results obtained by the proposed stochastic averaging method are well validated by numerical simulations. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A method of enantioselective sulfenylation of 2-substituted alkylcyanoacetates was developed. • 2-Substituted alkylcyanoacetates were used as starting material to obtain the sulfenylated products. • N -(arylthio)phthalimides as electrophilic organosulfur reagents allow for the asymmetric sulfenylation. Chiral iminophosphorane organocatalysis enables a wide range of asymmetric transformations with excellent level of enantioselectivity. Herein, an asymmetric sulfenylation of 2-substituted alkylcyanoacetates was achieved with tartaric acid derived chiral iminophosphoranes in an efficient manner. The iminophosphorane catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity, and as a result, the corresponding sulfenylated products bearing quaternary C–S stereogenic centers were synthesized in good yields with good level of enantiomeric excess (up to 88% ee) under mild conditions. Gram-scale synthesis making use of this protocol was achieved without significant loss of efficiency and enantioselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design and synthesis of three-dimension (3D) nanowire arrays (NWAs) electrocatalyst with a core-shell structure have been considered as an efficient way to enhance the performances for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, novel hierarchical CoFe-LDH/NiCo 2 O 4 /Ni foam (CoFe-LDH/NCO/NF) core-shell nanowire arrays have been fabricated via a facile two-step strategy. The as-obtained nanocomposites were characterized by multiple methods, and their electrocatalytic properties for OER have also been evaluated. The unique structural and component features for the as-prepared 3D nanocomposites facilitate the enhancement of the OER performances. CoFe-LDH/NCO/NF nanocomposites display an excellent OER electrocatalytic activity with a low overpotential of 273 mV at 20 mA cm−2, as well as an outstanding long-term electrochemical stability with a 90% current preservation during a 32 h test. The remarkable electrocatalytic performances of the CoFe-LDH/NCO/NF electrode ascribe to the strong synergistic effect between the NiCo 2 O 4 (NCO) nanowires core and the CoFe-LDH nanosheets shell at the interface. Our work provides a novel sight on the rational design of 3D core/shell nanoarrays electrode materials for OER. Image 1 • Novel hierarchical CoFe-LDH/NiCo 2 O 4 /NF core-shell nanowire arrays are fabricated. • The as-obtained composites display an excellent electrocatalytic activity for OER. • The unique structural and component features endow the enhancement of properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A method of enantioselective phenylselenylation of 3-substituted oxindoles was developed. • Optically active 3-substituted-3-phenylselenylated oxindoles were obtained. • N -(phenylseleno)phthalimide was used as electrophilic selenium reagents. Organocatalyzed asymmetric phenylselenylation of 3-substituted oxindoles was achieved with chiral iminophosphoranes. A wide range of phenylselenylated oxindoles were synthesized in good to excellent yields (80–99%) and up to 97% ee under mild conditions. The procedure feathers simple separation and scale up to semi-gram without loss of enantioselectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthalate exposure from Vegetables grown in Plastic Greenhouses (VPGs) represents an important source of total daily phthalate exposure in China. However, quantified health risks of phthalates attributable to VPG intake have not been documented. To fill this gap, this study estimates phthalate exposure from VPG intake in western China and calculates the first assessment of the disease burden associated with phthalate exposure from VPG intake in China based on a simple steady-state exposure model and a linear dose-response function between human bio-monitoring phthalates and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) prevalence. What we present in this paper is a problem identification and screening level risk assessment. We chose Shaanxi province as the research field site due to its large contribution to the total vegetable yield and consumption in western China. Phthalate concentration in VPG samples, phthalate exposure levels from VPG intake, and the T2D burden caused by phthalate attributable to VPG intake for adults were measured or calculated. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was found to represent over 55% of the total phthalate concentration in VPGs, followed by di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP). Phthalate exposure from VPG intake for urban adults was higher than the level for rural adults. The share of DEHP exposure from VPG intake to urinary total DEHP metabolites were nearly 8% and 15%, and the share of DnBP exposure caused by VPG intake to total daily DnBP metabolites were nearly 4% and 7%, for rural and urban adult populations in Shaanxi, respectively. The adult population with T2D attributable to phthalate exposure from VPG intake was 2561, nearly 6.4% to the T2D burden attributable to total phthalate exposure, and 0.4% to the total adult population with T2D in Shaanxi. The authors recommend policy interventions to protect populations from future risk of phthalate exposure. Unlabelled Image • DEHP was over 55% of the total phthalate concentration in VPGs, followed by DnBP. • Urban adults have higher phthalate exposure from VPG intake than rural adults have. • Urinary DEHP from VPG intake was 15% to total daily DEHP exposure in urban adults. • MBP from VPG intake was 7% to total daily DnBP exposure in urban adults. • T2D burdens associated to phthalate from VPG intake was 0.4% of the total T2D adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an assembled flange core-tube column connection with self-tapping bolt (AFCS), with high assembly efficiency, low pollution and high joint. Two different core tube thicknesses were set and static low circumferential reciprocation tests were performed. It was found that the core tube thickness has a small effect on the mechanical properties, and the hysteresis curves of the two members are basically the same. The two members in the tests were torn at the foot of the column, and it was concluded that the AFCS possesses good mechanical properties and can satisfy the design criteria of "strong joint, weak member". At the same time, the self-tapping bolts performed well, and the slip did not increase after 0.03 rad, which can proof that the overall safety and reliability requirements were met. The finite element model (FEM) was established by ABAQUS, and the reliability was verified by changing the gap between the core tube and the column wall, the number and diameter of the self-tapping bolts. It was also concluded that the gap should not exceed 1/100 of the column wall width and the influence of each parameter on the mechanical properties of the connection from the largest to the smallest was the number of self-tapping bolts, the diameter of self-tapping bolts, and the gap between the core tube and the column wall. Finally, a theoretical analysis was conducted to derive the strength equations of the core tube and self-tapping bolt as well as the design method of the flange plate. • An innovative assembled steel column-column connection with self-tapping bolts (AFCS) is proposed. • The new connection utilizes both inner sleeve and flange. • Detailed experimental procedures and analysis are presented. • Accurate finite element model is created. • Reasonable theoretical analysis and formula derivation of the key parts are carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tensioning process in the traditional cable strut joint leads to significant prestress loss, thereby adversely affecting the structure's performance after tension forming. This paper proposes a rolling multi-lug cable-strut joint with bearings. To investigate the rate of prestress loss in the new tension joint, we conduct testing of joint performance in a dome model experiment. The mechanical properties of the joint in the overall structure of the cable dome under ultimate load are analyzed. The investigation shows that the new joint design significantly reduces prestress loss by more than 10% compared to traditional cable support joints. Afterward, the theoretical model of the RMCS joint is proposed by analyzing the force state and deformation of the dome structure space. The test data verify the model. Based on this theoretical model, the influence of prestress loss of different levels was studied. Under severe loading conditions, the path of force transfer through the joint is efficient and can prevent large fluctuations in the cable force of the structure. The cable force on both sides of the joint still fluctuates at the same frequency even under extreme loading of the dome structure. • This paper proposed a new type of fully assembled rolling multi-lugs cable-strut (RMCS) joint with bearing. • This paper analyzes the mechanical properties of joints in the cable domes under ultimate loads. • The new joint design significantly reduces pre-stress loss by more than 10% compared to traditional joints. • The path of force transfer through the joint is efficient and can prevent large fluctuations in the cable force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assembled large-span ring truss, constructed using circular steel tubes, is gaining popularity as a new structural form. However, the insufficient availability of design and modeling methods for geometric imperfection of components poses a challenge in studying the cumulative effects of these imperfections on the overall structural performance. Therefore, a data-driven strategy for analyzing geometric imperfections in assembled ring truss structural components (circular steel tubes) is presented in this study. The primary objective is to enable the design of geometric imperfections based on measured data and establish a corresponding equivalent calculation model to incorporate the measured imperfections into the structural analysis model. The core of this strategy lies in utilizing the high-precision point cloud data of components obtained through 3D laser scanning technology as the primary input. The geometric imperfection modes are extracted accurately and rapidly by employing a developed algorithm. Furthermore, a comprehensive framework is proposed for establishing the geometric imperfection calculation model based on the identified modes. A case study was conducted to validate the proposed strategy, revealing its high reliability. Moreover, it is recommended to extend this strategy for analyzing geometric imperfections in similar building structural members. • A data-driven strategy for geometric imperfection extraction and analysis algorithm framework is proposed. • Imperfections in frequency domain design and random simulation in the time domain. • Case study verified method feasibility for imperfection in large-span ring truss components. • A mode-based imperfection equivalent calculation method is proposed. • Provides key technical support for digital twin modeling of assembled ring truss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ascending aortic aneurysm is a serious health risk. In order to study ascending aortic aneurysms, elastase and calcium ion treatment for aneurysm formation are mainly used, but their aneurysm formation time is long and the aneurysm formation rate is low. Thus, this study aimed to construct a rat model of ascending aorta aneurysm with a short modeling time and high aneurysm formation rate, which may mimic the pathological processes of human ascending aorta aneurysm. Methods: Cushion needles with different pipe diameters (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 mm) were used to establish a human-like rat model of ascending aortic aneurysm by narrowing the ascending aorta of rats and increasing the force of blood flow on the vessel wall. The vascular diameters were evaluated using color Doppler ultrasonography after 2 weeks. The characteristics of ascending aortic aneurysm in rats were detected by Masson’s trichrome staining, Verhoeff’s Van Gieson staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining, while real-time polymerase chain reaction was utilized to assess the total RNA of cytokine interleukin-1β, interleukin 6, transforming growth factor-beta 1, and metalloproteinase 2. Results: Two weeks after surgery, the ultrasound images and the statistical analysis demonstrated that the diameter of the ascending aorta in rats increased more than 1.5 times, similar to that in humans, indicating the success of animal modeling of ascending aortic aneurysm. Moreover, the optimal constriction diameter of the ascending aortic aneurysm model is 1.4 mm by the statistical analysis of the rate of ascending aortic aneurysm and mortality rate in rats with different constriction diameters. Conclusions: The human-like ascending aortic aneurysm model developed in this study can be used for the studies of the pathological processes and mechanisms of ascending aortic aneurysm in a more clinically relevant fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the visualized gas cloud explosion pipeline test platform, the influence of the sudden contraction structure on the deflagration characteristics of the hydrogen-methane-air gas cloud is investigated. The results show that the changes of flame propagation velocity, explosion overpressure, and flame temperature after deflagration of the premixed gas cloud all present three stages: rapid increase, rapid decline, and secondary acceleration caused by the sudden contraction of pipeline structure. The equivalence ratio significantly affects the hydrogen-methane-air detonation process in the sudden contraction of the pipe structure. As the hydrogen content increases, the flame propagation becomes faster and the explosion impact becomes greater. The formation of "Tulip" flame is closely related to the flame propagation speed. During the process of flame propagation, inertia dominates, causing the flame propagation speed to reach its first peak at the abrupt contraction structure. [Display omitted] • The effect of sudden contraction pipeline on premixed gas detonation is examined. • The detonation process of pre-mixed gas clouds undergoes three stages. • The speed of flame propagation is closely related to inertia. • The flame structure of the "tulip" is closely related to the flame speed. • The effect of hydrogen and equivalence ratio on deflagration is examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emission-line galaxy classification plays an important role in comprehending the formation and evolution of galaxies. The widely used optical spectral classification method for galaxies is the BPT diagram, which classifies emission-line galaxies on the basis of precise spectral line measurements. Various classical machine learning methods have been utilized to classify galaxy spectra. Deep learning (DL) is more feasible for a huge amount of data, as it can learn patterns autonomously from the original data. This study aims to explore the possibility of applying DL to classify galaxy spectra and improve classification efficiency. A one-dimensional convolutional neural network model called GalSpecNet was constructed to classify emission-line galaxy spectra, which recognizes star-forming, composite, active galactic nucleus (AGN), and normal galaxies with an accuracy of over 93 per cent. This study employs the Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping to elucidate the decision-making process of the model by inspecting spectral features that the model prioritizes for each type of galaxy. The findings suggest that the model considers features highly consistent with the conventional BPT method. Subsequently, we applied the model to the cross-matched galaxies of Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16 (DR16) and Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope DR8 and present a catalogue comprising of 41 699 star-forming candidates and 55 103 AGN candidates. The catalogue is publicly available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects the social economy and quality of life, and has become a major threat to human health. This observation aimed to study the possibility of serum HOTAIR as a diagnostic index in patients with T2DM and to explore the prognostic potential of HOTAIR in the development of T2DM. Methods: The expression of HOTAIR in serum of 96 patients with T2DM and 82 healthy controls was detected by the qRT-PCR technique. The related biochemical indexes of all participants were determined, such as total cholesterol (TC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG). The value of serum HOTAIR in the diagnosis of T2DM in the two groups was analyzed by the ROC curve. Moreover, the prognostic value of HOTAIR on T2DM was examined by the K-M curve and COX multivariate analysis. Results: The results of the qRT-PCR analysis showed that the serum level of HOTAIR in patients with T2DM was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. ROC analysis showed that HOTAIR in serum was a diagnostic factor of T2DM. Further multivariate analysis showed that HOTAIR could be an independent biomarker in the prediction of chronic complications for T2DM patients, such as diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. Conclusions: We found the augment of HOTAIR expression was a character of T2DM. The high expression of serum HOTAIR was a potential non-invasive diagnostic marker and independent prognostic factor in patients with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When plants face an environmental stress such as water deficit, soil salinity, high temperature, or shade, good communication between above- and belowground organs is necessary to coordinate growth and development. Various signals including hormones, peptides, proteins, hydraulic signals, and metabolites are transported mostly through the vasculature to distant tissues. How shoots and roots synchronize their response to stress using mobile signals is an emerging field of research. We summarize recent advances on mobile signals regulating shoot stomatal movement and root development in response to highly localized environmental cues. In addition, we highlight how the vascular system is not only a conduit but is also flexible in its development in response to abiotic stress. Limitations in water uptake in roots and sucrose supply from shoots under abiotic stress can be encoded into signals that regulate the growth and development of distant tissues. Root-localized stress signals trigger changes in xylem hydraulics, mobile peptides, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Ca2+, which lead to remote effects and induce shoot stomatal closure. The mobility of HY5 protein and its downstream targets via the phloem conveys shoot-sensed light and temperature information to affect both primary and lateral root growth. Shoot-derived sucrose loading/unloading in the phloem is highly responsive to environmental changes, and triggers signaling pathways that regulate root development. Developmental plasticity of the vasculature in response to abiotic stresses is of key importance for long-distance transport of substances to assist plant stress resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The improvement of observation capabilities has expanded the scale of new data available for time domain astronomy research, and the accumulation of observational data continues to accelerate. However, traditional data analysis methods are difficult to fully tap the potential scientific value of all data. Therefore, in the current and future research on light curve analysis, it is inevitable to use artificial intelligence (AI) technology to assist in data analysis in order to obtain as many candidates as possible with scientific research goals. This survey reviews important developments in light curve analysis over the past years, summarizes the basic concepts in machine learning and their applications in light curve analysis and concludes perspectives and challenges for light curve analysis in the near future. The full exploration of light curves of variable celestial objects relies heavily on new techniques derived from promotion of machine learning and deep learning in the astronomical big data era. This article is categorized under:Technologies > Machine LearningTechnologies > Artificial Intelligence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effectiveness of shear-wave elastography (SWE) based on e-health in diagnosing liver fibrosis in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and provide theoretical basis for early diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic HBV infection, in this study, 73 patients with chronic HBV infection who underwent e-health SWE examination were divided into chronic hepatitis B group (51 cases) and hepatitis B cirrhosis group (22 cases), and another 20 healthy volunteers were introduced as control. The contents of second liver two half-and-half, hyaluronic acid (HA) of liver fibrosis, laminin (LN), pAUVollagen III N terminal peptide (PIII NP), collage type IV (CIV), and HBV-DNA were detected. SWE was used to measure the elastic modulus in the S2 and S3 segments of the left outer lobe of the liver, S4 segment of the left inner lobe of the liver, S5 and S8 segments of the right anterior lobe of the liver, and S6 and S7 segments of the right posterior lobe of the liver. Finally, the correlations between the four examination results of liver fibrosis and the elastic modulus values were compared, and the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) for SWE technical diagnosis was drawn. The results showed that there was no significant difference in HBV-DNA content between the two groups (P > 0.05); the contents of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the blood of chronic hepatitis B group were significantly higher than those in the liver cirrhosis group (P < 0.05); HA, PIII NP, and CIV contents were significantly lower than the liver cirrhosis group (P < 0.05); the success rates of SWE detection in S5 and S6 segments of the two groups were 100.00%, and the elastic modulus of the hepatitis B cirrhosis group was significantly higher than that of the chronic hepatitis B group (P < 0.05); correlation results showed HA, PIII NP, and CIV of two groups of patients and elastic modulus value in S5 and S6 segments showed positive correlation (P < 0.05); ROC curve analysis showed that AUC (area under the curve) was 0.866, the sensitivity was 89.59%, and the specificity was 76.49%, which indicated that the liver elastic modulus value measured by e-health SWE technology can quantitatively show liver fibrosis in patients with chronic HBV infection, and its application in the diagnosis of clinical liver fibrosis was real and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trapping is the first as well as the most important step in various optical manipulations. However, when the concentration of sample is extremely low, optical trapping cannot be performed efficiently because the samples are usually out of the action radius of the trapping well. In this paper, numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate an active and efficient optical collection mechanism. We propose the optical collection mechanism by using an array of concentric dielectric rings, in which a series of nanoholes are introduced with optimized separations and radius to form trapping centers. When the incident wavelength is tuned in order, the trapped particles will be transferred from an outer ring to its inner neighboring ring, and finally be collected to the center of the rings. The mechanism reported here paves the way for efficient particle collection, and may find potential applications in various optical manipulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is yet to be a fully assembled long-span steel structure system. This paper proposes a fully assembled cable-piercing ridge-tube cable dome (FCRCD) with a modular assembly ring truss (MART). A scale model of FCRCD with MART with a span of 10 m and a rise-span ratio of 1/10 was designed and manufactured, the static test of the scale model was conducted, and the finite element model (FEM) was established and analyzed. The structural behavior under different vertical loads was studied by static test and finite element analysis. Simultaneously, to further investigate the mechanical properties of the FCRCD in detail, the FEMs of the ridge-tube cable dome (RTCD) with MART and ridge-cable cable dome (RCCD) with MART were established and analyzed for comparison with the FCRCD with MART. The research results verified that the innovative FCRCD has good stiffness, stability, bearing capacity, and resistance to uneven load; the FEM method is correct, and the FEM analysis is accurate. The cable-piercing ridge tube (CRT) can limit the relaxation of the ridge cable to about 10%, improve the mechanical properties and tensioning efficiency, and reduce the prestressing loss of the FCRCD. The FCRCD is more favorable to the force state of the MART, and it is more suitable for long-span and super-long-span spatial structures and can meet the requirements of rigid roof laying. • An innovative fully assembled cable-piercing ridge-tube cable dome with modular assembly ring truss is proposed. • The CRT is innovated to avoid the relaxation failure of ridge cable and improve the structural tensioning efficiency. • The detailed mechanical properties of the FCRCD with MART are investigated by static test and finite element analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water stress can affect plant ecological distribution, crop growth and carbohydrate distribution, impacting berry quality. However, previous studies mainly focused on short-term water stress or osmotic stress and few studies paid attention to the responses of grape to long-term water stresses. Grapevines were subjected to no water stress (CK), mild water stress (T1) and moderate water stress (T2). Hundred-berry weight and malic acid content were reduced under T1 and T2; however, glucose and fructose content showed the opposite trend. Endogenous hormones and polyamines (PAs) can regulate plant growth and development as well as physiological metabolic processes. T1 and T2 could increase abscisic acid content, however, indole-3-acetic acid, jasmonate, gibberellins 3 and 4, cytokinin and trans -zeatin contents were slightly decreased. Three species of PAs (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) were detected, presenting obvious tissue specificity. Furthermore, there was a statistically positive correlation relating spermidine content in the pulp with glucose and fructose contents of grape berries; and a negative correlation with organic acid. In summary, water stress had a profound influence on hormonally-driven changes in physiology and berry quality, indicating that endogenous hormones and the PAs play a critical role in the development and ripening of grape berries under water stress. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most economically important fruit crops, with a high economic value worldwide. Most vine-growing areas globally are in temperate zones characterised by high temperatures and prolonged dry periods. Phytohormones and polyamines, as important endogenous signal mediators, regulate a plethora of metabolic processes and responses to water stress. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of water stress on hormones and free polyamines in various tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue horizontal-branch stars (BHBs) are ideal tracers for studying the Milky Way (MW) due to their bright and nearly constant magnitude. However, an incomplete screen of BHBs from a survey would result in bias of estimation of the structure or mass of the MW. With surveys of large sky telescopes like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), it is possible to obtain a complete sample. Thus, detecting BHBs from massive photometric images quickly and effectually is necessary. The current acquisition methods of BHBs are mainly based on manual or semi-automatic modes. Therefore, novel approaches are required to replace manual or traditional machine-learning detection. The mainstream deep-learning-based object-detection methods are often vanilla convolutional neural networks whose ability to extract global features is limited by the receptive field of the convolution operator. Recently, a new Transformer-based method has benefited from the global receptive field advantage brought by the self-attention mechanism, exceeded the vanilla convolution model in many tasks, and achieved excellent results. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid convolution and Transformer model called AstroYOLO to take advantage of the convolution in local feature representation and Transformer's easier discovery of long-distance feature dependences. We conduct a comparative experiment on the 4799 SDSS DR16 photometric image dataset. The experimental results show that our model achieves 99.25% AP @50, 93.79% AP @75, and 64.45% AP @95 on the test dataset, outperforming the YOLOv3 and YOLOv4 object-detection models. In addition, we test on larger cutout images based on the same resolution. Our model can reach 99.02% AP @50, 92.00% AP @75, and 61.96% AP @95 respectively, still better than YOLOv3 and YOLOv4. These results also suggest that an appropriate size for cutout images is necessary for the performance and computation of object detection. Compared with the previous models, our model has achieved satisfactory object-detection results and can effectively improve the accuracy of BHB detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glucose-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR), a glucose metabolism and systemic inflammatory response parameter, is associated with an adverse prognosis for various diseases. However, the association between serum GLR and prognosis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) is poorly understood. In this multi-center cohort study, 3236 PD patients were consecutively enrolled between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2018. Patients were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of baseline GLR levels (Q1: GLR ≤ 2.91, Q2:2.91 < GLR ≤ 3.91, Q3:3.91 < GLR < 5.59 and Q4: GLR ≥ 5.59). The primary endpoint was all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) related mortality. The correlation between GLR and mortality was examined using Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox proportional analyses. During the follow-up period of 45.93 ± 29.01 months, 25.53% (826/3236) patients died, of whom 31% (254/826) were in Q4 (GLR ≥ 5.59). Multivariable analysis revealed that GLR was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.02; CI 1.00 ∼ 1.04, p =.019) and CVD mortality (adjusted HR 1.02; CI 1.00 ∼ 1.04, p =.04). Compared with the Q1 (GLR ≤ 2.91), placement in Q4 was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02 ∼ 1.56, p =.03) and CVD mortality (adjusted HR 1.76; CI 1.31 ∼ 2.38, p <.001). A nonlinear relationship was found between GLR and all-cause or CVD mortality in patients undergoing PD (p =.032). A higher serum GLR level is an independent prognostic factor for all-cause and CVD mortality in patients undergoing PD, suggesting that more attention should be paid to GLR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium Calcium-Activated Channel Subfamily N1 (KCNN1), an integral membrane protein, is thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic after hyperpolarization. However, the role of KCNN1 in tumorigenesis has been rarely reported, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that KCNN1 functions as an oncogene in promoting breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. KCNN1 was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues and cells. The pro-proliferative and pro-metastatic effects of KCNN1 were demonstrated by CCK8, clone formation, Edu assay, wound healing assay and transwell experiments. Transcriptomic analysis using KCNN1 overexpressing cells revealed that KCNN1 could regulate key signaling pathways affecting the survival of breast cancer cells. KCNN1 interacts with ERLIN2 and enhances the effect of ERLIN2 on Cyclin B1 stability. Overexpression of KCNN1 promoted the protein expression of Cyclin B1, enhanced its stability and promoted its K63 dependent ubiquitination, while knockdown of KCNN1 had the opposite effects on Cyclin B1. Knockdown (or overexpression) ERLNI2 partially restored Cyclin B1 stability and K63 dependent ubiquitination induced by overexpression (or knockdown) of KCNN1. Knockdown (or overexpression) ERLIN2 also partially neutralizes the effects of overexpression (or knockdown) KCNN1-induced breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In paired breast cancer clinical samples, we found a positive expression correlations between KCNN1 and ERLIN2, KCNN1 and Cyclin B1, as well as ERLIN2 and Cyclin B1. In conclusion, this study reveals, for the first time, the role of KCNN1 in tumorigenesis and emphasizes the importance of KCNN1/ERLIN2/Cyclin B1 axis in the development and metastasis of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are limited data about the clinical benefits and harm of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) complicated with anemia or thrombocytopenia. Methods: This is a multi-center retrospective cohort study involving 5469 AF patients from 15 hospitals in China. Patients were divided into three groups according to hemoglobin and platelet levels: Group 1 (hemoglobin male ≥ 130 g/L; female ≥ 120 g/L and platelet ≥ 100 × 109/L), Group 2 (hemoglobin male < 130 g/L; female < 120 g/L or platelet < 100 × 109/L), and Group 3 (hemoglobin male < 130 g/L; female < 120 g/L and platelet < 100 × 109/L). Patients in each category are further divided into two groups according to their stroke prevention strategies: rivaroxaban or dabigatran. Clinical results include major, minor, total bleeding, thrombosis, and the composite outcome of major bleeding and thrombosis. Results: Higher hemoglobin levels were associated with a reduced risk of total bleeding and major bleeding, while platelet counts were not associated with any event. Compared with Group 1, Group 2 had a higher risk of major bleeding (aOR 1.70, 95%CI 1.12–2.57, P = 0.012), and the composite endpoint of major bleeding and thrombosis (aOR 1.70, 95%CI 1.19–2.44, P = 0.004). Compared with Group 1, Group 3 had a higher total bleeding risk (aOR 2.15, 95%CI 1.14–4.05, P = 0.018). Compared with dabigatran, rivaroxaban was associated with higher composite risk in Group 1 (aOR 2.91, 95% CI 1.66–5.16, P < 0.001) and Group 2 (aOR 3.05, 95%CI 1.46–6.39, P = 0.003), but there was no significant difference in Group 3 (aOR 1.78, 95%CI 0.23—13.54, P = 0.577). Conclusions: Higher hemoglobin levels are associated with a reduced risk of total bleeding and major bleeding in patients with AF. Dabigatran was associated with better clinical outcomes than rivaroxaban in patients with anemia or thrombocytopenia but not in those with anemia and thrombocytopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a facile and widely applicable approach to fabricate multifunctional coatings by grafting functional polymer brushes on the silica-stabilized candle soot, which exhibited excellent near-infrared-activated biocidal ability and desired bioactivities such as antifouling property and controllable bioadhesion. [Display omitted] • A facile method is developed for fabrication of a multifunctional coating based on candle soot (CS). • The coating exhibits excellent near-infrared-activated biocidal ability due to the inherent photothermal property of CS. • The coating shows desired biofunctions originated from the grafted polymers, which are enhanced by the nanoscale structure of CS. Functional coatings with desired bioactivities are required for various biomedical applications. Candle soot (CS) composed of carbon nanoparticles has attracted significant attention as a versatile component of functional coatings because of its unique physical and structural characteristics. However, the application of CS-based coatings in the biomedical field is still limited due to the lack of modification methods that can endow them with specific biofunctionality. Herein, a facile and widely applicable approach to fabricate multifunctional CS-based coatings is developed by grafting functional polymer brushes on the silica-stabilized CS. The resulting coatings not only exhibited excellent near-infrared-activated biocidal ability (the killing efficiency was over 99.99 %) due to the inherent photothermal property of CS but also showed desired biofunctions (such as antifouling property or controllable bioadhesion; the repelling efficiency and bacterial release ratio were nearly 90 %) originated from the grafted polymers. Moreover, these biofunctions were enhanced by the nanoscale structure of CS. Because the deposition of CS is a simple substrate-independent process while the grafting of polymer brushes via surface-initiated polymerization is applicable to a wide range of vinyl monomers, the proposed approach can be potentially used for the fabrication of multifunctional coatings and would extend the applications of CS in the biomedical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Schrenkiella parvula, a leading extremophyte model in Brassicaceae, can grow and complete its lifecycle under multiple environmental stresses, including high salinity. Yet, the key physiological and structural traits underlying its stress‐adapted lifestyle are unknown along with trade‐offs when surviving salt stress at the expense of growth and reproduction. We aimed to identify the influential adaptive trait responses that lead to stress‐resilient and uncompromised growth across developmental stages when treated with salt at levels known to inhibit growth in Arabidopsis and most crops. Its resilient growth was promoted by traits that synergistically allowed primary root growth in seedlings, the expansion of xylem vessels across the root‐shoot continuum, and a high capacity to maintain tissue water levels by developing thicker succulent leaves while enabling photosynthesis during salt stress. A successful transition from vegetative to reproductive phase was initiated by salt‐induced early flowering, resulting in viable seeds. Self‐fertilization in salt‐induced early flowering was dependent upon filament elongation in flowers otherwise aborted in the absence of salt during comparable plant ages. The maintenance of leaf water status promoting growth, and early flowering to ensure reproductive success in a changing environment, were among the most influential traits that contributed to the extremophytic lifestyle of S. parvula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A d -peptide ligand of the nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), termed DCDX, enables drug delivery to the brain when incorporated into liposomes and has shown promise as a nanocarrier for treating brain diseases. However, few reports have described the mechanisms whereby DCDX-modified liposomes traverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms enabling DCDX (and its associated liposomes) to cross an in vitro BBB using a simulated cerebral endothelium monolayer formed by brain capillary endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells). We also examined the mechanisms whereby DCDX-modified liposomes cross the BBB in vivo using the brain efflux-index method. Transport of DCDX and its modified liposomes was dominantly mediated via the lipid raft/caveolae endocytic pathway. Both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi complex participated in delivering DCDX-modified liposomes to the plasma membrane (PM). DCDX-modified liposomes also participated in the endosome/lysosome pathway (with high-efficiency BBB crossing observed in vitro), while competing for the ER/Golgi/PM pathway. In addition, nAChR α7 did not promote the transportation of DCDX-modified liposomes in vivo or in vitro , as assessed with α7-knockout mice and by performing α-bungarotoxin (α-Bgt) binding-competition experiments. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was identified as the main efflux transporter across the BBB, in vivo and in vitro. Using a xenograft nude mouse model of human glioblastoma multiforme, blocking the efflux function of P-gp with verapamil enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of DCDX-modified liposomes that were formulated with doxorubicin against glioblastoma. The findings of this study reveal novel mechanisms underlying crossing of the BBB by DCDX-modified liposomes, suggesting that DCDX-modified liposomes can potentially serve as a powerful therapeutic tool for treating glioma. Unlabelled Image • We studied DCDX (and its associated liposomes) BBB crossing in vitro and in vivo. • Lipid rafts/caveolae mediated the transport of DCDX and its modified liposomes. • The ER and Golgi complex helped deliver DCDX-modified liposomes to the PM. • P-gp acted as the main efflux transporter across the BBB, in vivo and in vitro. • Blocking P-gp with verapamil enhanced the efficiency of DCDX-LP/DOX against GBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water scarcity is a major abiotic stress factor that strongly influences growth, development and yield of grain legumes in arid and semi-arid area of the world. Drought stress frequently occurs during the seedling stage and finally affects yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). However, the responses of plant leaf to drought have not been documented very well at the proteomic level. “Ga da dou” of the drought-tolerant faba bean cultivar was exposed to drought to examine the proteome changes of leaves. In this study, 2-week-old seedlings were subjected to water deficit by 7 days drought stress, whereas control plants were regularly irrigated. After withdrawing water, plants exposed to drought for 7 days and control plants at the same developmental stage were included in quantitative proteomic analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis gels of proteins in combination with mass spectrometry. Over 300 proteins were detected by 2-DE, 50 differentially expressed proteins were detected by t test and 30 proteins were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF, in which 25 proteins were clearly downregulated and five proteins were upregulated. The quantified proteins were grouped into five functional groups, mainly regulatory proteins (46.7%), energy metabolism (23.3%), cell cytoskeleton (6.7%), other functions (20%) and unknown function (3.3%). Chitinase was upregulated under drought, suggesting that it was an important part of the plant defense system, playing an important role in stress resistance. 50S ribosomal protein was upregulated under drought, suggesting its role in protecting plants against stress by re-establishing normal protein conformations. The abundance of proteins involved in protein synthesis such as chitinase, Bet protein and glutamate–glyoxylate aminotransferase was upregulated under drought stress. These proteins could play important roles in drought tolerance and contribute to the relatively stronger drought tolerance of “Ga da dou”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The full set of T cell receptors (TCRs) in an individual is known as his or her TCR repertoire. Defining TCR repertoires under physiological conditions and in response to a disease or vaccine may lead to a better understanding of adaptive immunity and thus has great biological and clinical value. In the past decade, several high-throughput sequencing-based tools have been developed to assign TCRs to germline genes and to extract complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences using different algorithms. Although these tools claim to be able to perform the full range of fundamental TCR repertoire analyses, there is no clear consensus of which tool is best suited to particular projects. Here, we present a systematic analysis of 12 available TCR repertoire analysis tools using simulated data, with an emphasis on fundamental analysis functions. Our results shed light on the detailed functions of TCR repertoire analysis tools and may therefore help researchers in the field to choose the right tools for their particular experimental design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common subtype of lung cancer with a depressing survival rate. The reprogramming of tumor metabolism was identified as a new hallmark of cancer in tumor microenvironment (TME), and we made a comprehensive exploration to reveal the prognostic role of the metabolic-related genes. Transcriptome profiling data of LUAD were, respectively, downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Based on the extracted metabolic-related genes, a novel 5-gene metabolic prognostic signature (including GNPNAT1, LPGAT1, TYMS, LDHA, and PTGES) was constructed by univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. This signature confirmed its robustness and accuracy by external validation in multiple databases. It could be an independent risk factor for LUAD, and the nomograms possessed moderately accurate performance with the C-index of 0.755 (95% confidence interval: 0.706–0.804) and 0.691 (95% confidence interval: 0.636–0.746) in training set and testing set. This signature could reveal the metabolic features according to the results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and meanwhile monitor the status of TME through ESTIMATE scores and the infiltration levels of immune cells. In conclusion, this gene signature is a cost-effective tool which could indicate the status of TME to provide more clues in the exploration of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chive maggot Bradysia cellarum and the fungus gnat B. impatiens are two primary root pests of plants, which can coexist on the same host plants and are the devastating pests on liliaceous crops and edible fungi. Their growth and development are affected by the nutrient contents of their host plants. In this study, we assessed the effects of different host plant nutrients on the nutrient contents of these two Bradysia species. The nutrients of the chive (Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng.), board bean (Vicia faba L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. ramosa Hort.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata rubra) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) roots were determined, and their effect on nutrient content of the two Bradysia species after feeding on the host plant for three continuous generations were evaluated. The results show that chive and B-bean contained higher levels of protein, free amino acid, soluble sugar and starch than others. As a result, the soluble sugar, fat and protein contents were significantly higher in both Bradysia species reared on chive and B-bean than on cabbage, lettuce, W-cabbage and pepper, suggesting nutritional preference of these insects. Based on our results, we concluded that the two Bradysia species displayed nutrient preference toward chive and B-bean, which provides a reference for understanding their host plant range and for control of the insect species via field crop rotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new simple and easily synthesized multitarget sensor, (E)-N′-(4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-6-carbohydrazide (X), was designed and synthesized using imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid and 4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde. X could be used as a sensor to detect In3+ in DMF–H2O buffer solution and detect Zn2+ in EtOH–H2O buffer solution through fluorescence enhancement with detection limits of 1.02 × 10−9 M and 5.5 × 10−9 M, respectively. X exhibited an efficient "off–on–off" fluorescence behavior by cyclic addition of metal ions (In3+ and Zn2+) and EDTA. The stoichiometry between X and metal ions (In3+ and Zn2+) was 1 : 1. The binding mode and sensing mechanism of X with metal ions (In3+ and Zn2+) was verified by theoretical calculations using Gaussian 09 based on B3LYP/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/LANL2DZ basis, respectively. Moreover, X could be applied as a potential sensor for the quantitative detection of In3+ and Zn2+ with a satisfactory recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD) in real water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An innovative fully assembled ridge-tube threading cable with annular-struts cable dome (FRASCD) is proposed. • The RTC is innovated to avoid the relaxation failure of ridge cable and improve the structural bearing capacity. • The mechanical properties of FRASCD are investigated by static test and theoretical analysis. • The theoretical calculation formulas for structural internal force calculation are proposed. A fully assembled ridge-tube threading cable with annular-struts cable dome (FRASCD) is proposed, based on the challenges of easy relaxation of ridge cables and the large number of diagonal cables in a cable dome structure. A scaled cable dome model with a span of 10 m and a rise-span ratio of 1/10 is designed and fabricated. The static performance under different vertical loads is investigated by static loading test, and the variation laws of internal forces, displacements, and strain of the structure are obtained; simultaneously, the theoretical calculation formulas of the structure are proposed. The research results verify the rationality and feasibility of the FRASCD, and the innovative FRASCD has good rigidity, stability, and load-bearing capacity and has good resistance to uneven load. The ridge-tube threading cable (RTC) can limit the relaxation of the ridge cable to about 10% and improve the mechanical properties of the FRASCD, and the theoretical calculation formulas proposed can accurately calculate the internal forces and predict the ultimate bearing capacity of FRASCD, which can lay the foundation for future engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]