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Let A{\mathcal{A}} be a ∗\ast -algebra, ℳ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal M} }} be a ∗\ast -A{\mathcal{A}}-bimodule, and δ\delta be a linear mapping from A{\mathcal{A}} into ℳ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal M} }}. δ\delta is called a ∗\ast -derivation if δ(AB)=Aδ(B)+δ(A)B\delta \left(AB)=A\delta \left(B)+\delta \left(A)B and δ(A∗)=δ(A)∗\delta \left({A}^{\ast })=\delta {\left(A)}^{\ast } for each A,BA,B in A{\mathcal{A}}. Let GG be an element in A{\mathcal{A}}, δ\delta is called a ∗\ast -antiderivable mapping at GG if AB∗=G⇒δ(G)=B∗δ(A)+δ(B)∗AA{B}^{\ast }=G\Rightarrow \delta \left(G)={B}^{\ast }\delta \left(A)+\delta {\left(B)}^{\ast }A for each A,BA,B in A{\mathcal{A}}. We prove that if A{\mathcal{A}} is a C∗{C}^{\ast }-algebra, ℳ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal M} }} is a Banach ∗\ast -A{\mathcal{A}}-bimodule and GG in A{\mathcal{A}} is a separating point of ℳ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal M} }} with AG=GAAG=GA for every AA in A{\mathcal{A}}, then every ∗\ast -antiderivable mapping at GG from A{\mathcal{A}} into ℳ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal M} }} is a ∗\ast -derivation. We also prove that if A{\mathcal{A}} is a zero product determined Banach ∗\ast -algebra with a bounded approximate identity, ℳ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal M} }} is an essential Banach ∗\ast -A{\mathcal{A}}-bimodule and δ\delta is a continuous ∗\ast -antiderivable mapping at the point zero from A{\mathcal{A}} into ℳ{\mathcal{ {\mathcal M} }}, then there exists a ∗\ast -Jordan derivation Δ\Delta from A{\mathcal{A}} into ℳ♯♯{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal M} }}}^{\sharp \sharp } and an element ξ\xi in ℳ♯♯{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal M} }}}^{\sharp \sharp } such that δ(A)=Δ(A)+Aξ\delta \left(A)=\Delta \left(A)+A\xi for every AA in A{\mathcal{A}}. Finally, we show that if A{\mathcal{A}} is a von Neumann algebra and δ\delta is a ∗\ast -antiderivable mapping (not necessary continuous) at the point zero from A{\mathcal{A}} into itself, then there exists a ∗\ast -derivation Δ\Delta from A{\mathcal{A}} into itself such that δ(A)=Δ(A)+Aδ(I)\delta \left(A)=\Delta \left(A)+A\delta \left(I) for every AA in A{\mathcal{A}}.

Photoreduction of CO2 into value‐added chemicals and fuels is a promising green technology for solar‐to‐chemical conversion. Owing to the atomic utilization, unique metal‐support interaction, and unsaturated coordination active sites, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been attracting great attention in achieving high activity and selectivity of CO2 photoreduction reactions. On the other hand, carbon nitride (C3N4) with abundant periodically unsaturated coordination of nitrogen atoms can serve as an excellent support for anchoring metal single atoms. In this context, extensive research efforts have been paid in C3N4‐based SACs for CO2 photoreduction in recent years. In this review, we report the recent advances in C3N4 supported SACs for CO2 photoreduction. We start from the introduction of synthetic strategies of various C3N4 supported metal SACs. Secondly, the main advanced characterization techniques and calculation methods for identifying the single‐atoms and their coordination environments of C3N4‐based SACs are summarized. Thirdly, some state‐of‐the‐art works on the rational design of C3N4‐based SACs and their applications in CO2 photoreduction are introduced. Lastly, we briefly summarize the main challenges and propose important perspectives of C3N4‐based SACs in CO2 photoreduction. This review is expected to provide some useful guidelines for the development of efficient and stable C3N4‐based SACs for CO2 photoreduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase in port throughput and the development of the trend of large-scale ships, selecting applicable anchor positions for ships and ensuring the rational and comprehensive utilization of anchorage areas have become a key issue in utilizing the rate of anchorage resources, ensuring the safety of ships anchoring operations and promoting the development of the shipping industry. Existing anchor position selection and detection algorithm studies are limited to a two-dimensional plane for ship anchor position selection, with few studies considering intelligent detection algorithms for safe ship anchoring water depths based on three-dimensional space, considering conditions such as wind and waves. By considering water depth conditions and the objectives of anchorage safety issues, this study proposes an intelligent detection method for ship anchor detection to find the ship's ideal anchor location in the anchorages by applying the Monte Carlo algorithm. In the processing step, in combination with the Monte Carlo random plane anchor position detection algorithm and Monte Carlo random sampling water depth detection method, the anchor position circle radius model, safe spacing model, anchoring area detection model and safe water depth model are used for examining the anchorage area for awaiting the ship in three-dimensions. To verify the accuracy of the proposed model, based on the scale of common ship types and considering the most conservative parameters, a series of simulation experiments are conducted to check whether the water depth meets the requirements and fully ensure the safety of the experimental results. The research results indicate that the detection almost cover the whole anchorage area and obtain safe water depth restrictions. This method helps to improve the efficiency of ship anchoring and makes actual anchoring operations safer. Under the premise of ensuring sufficient safe spacing between ships, the anchorage ground can accommodate more ships and simulate multi-type ship anchor position detection operations concerning various ship-type parameters to further ensure the safety of ship anchoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to rapid homogenization in habitat types as a result of urbanization, some urban birds adapt their nesting strategies to changes in local habitat characteristics. Bird nesting decisions might have been mainly linked to resource constraints and ensuring reproductive success. In this study, we examined patterns of nesting behavior by spotted doves (Spilopelia chinensis) in a rapidly urbanizing area of Nanchang, China using ArcGIS 10.8, satellite tracking, camera traps, and field survey. To explore the mechanisms underlying nesting behavior in urban habitats, we assessed the correlations between nest reuse and reproductive success, and between nest reuse and nest predation. From December 2018 to December 2021, a total of 302 breeding nests were surveyed. The results revealed that the nest reuse rate was 38.08% (n = 115). Nests closer to trunk, with lower nest position and higher large‐scale urbanization score tended to have higher reuse rate. In addition, nests with the higher the nest height and percent of canopy cover, and the lower small‐scale urbanization score were more likely to reproduce successfully, and the reused nests also reproduce more successfully. The reproductive success associated with nest reuse was significantly higher than that associated with new nests (χ2 = 8.461, p =.004). High degree of urbanization promoted nest reuse of spotted doves (large‐scale urbanization score, z = 2.094, p =.036), which apparently enhanced their reproductive success (nest reuse, z = 2.737, p =.006). In conclusion, a nest structure with good permeability is the material basis for the nest reuse in spotted dove, while the relatively low risk of predation in urban habitat and the scarcity of nest site resources due to urbanization increase the tendency of birds to reuse old nests, which is associated with their reproductive success and evolutionary fitness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: while most gut microbiota research has focused on term infants, the health outcomes of preterm infants are equally important. Very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) or extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) preterm infants have a unique gut microbiota structure, and probiotics have been reported to somewhat accelerate the maturation of the gut microbiota and reduce intestinal inflammation in very-low preterm infants, thereby improving their long-term outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of gut microbiota in ELBW neonates to facilitate the early identification of different types of low-birth-weight (LBW) preterm infants. Methods: a total of 98 fecal samples from 39 low-birth-weight preterm infants were included in this study. Three groups were categorized according to different birth weights: ELBW (n = 39), VLBW (n = 39), and LBW (n = 20). The gut microbiota structure of neonates was obtained by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and microbiome analysis was conducted. The community state type (CST) of the microbiota was predicted, and correlation analysis was conducted with clinical indicators. Differences in the gut microbiota composition among ELBW, VLBW, and LBW were compared. The value of gut microbiota composition in the diagnosis of extremely low birth weight was assessed via a random forest-machine learning approach. Results: we briefly analyzed the structure of the gut microbiota of preterm infants with low birth weight and found that the ELBW, VLBW, and LBW groups exhibited gut microbiota with heterogeneous compositions. Low-birth-weight preterm infants showed five CSTs dominated by Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Pseudescherichia, and Acinetobacter. The birth weight and clinical indicators related to prematurity were associated with the CST. We found the composition of the gut microbiota was specific to the different types of low-birth-weight premature infants, namely, ELBW, VLBW, and LBW. The ELBW group exhibited significantly more of the potentially harmful intestinal bacteria Acinetobacter relative to the VLBW and LBW groups, as well as a significantly lower abundance of the intestinal probiotic Bifidobacterium. Based on the gut microbiota's composition and its correlation with low weight, we constructed random forest model classifiers to distinguish ELBW and VLBW/LBW infants. The area under the curve of the classifiers constructed with Enterococcus, Klebsiella, and Acinetobacter was found to reach 0.836 by machine learning evaluation, suggesting that gut microbiota composition may be a potential biomarker for ELBW preterm infants. Conclusions: the gut bacteria of preterm infants showed a CST with Enterococcus, Klebsiella, and Acinetobacter as the dominant genera. ELBW preterm infants exhibit an increase in the abundance of potentially harmful bacteria in the gut and a decrease in beneficial bacteria. These potentially harmful bacteria may be potential biomarkers for ELBW preterm infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]