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While the precipitation of α (hcp) from β (bcc) in various Ti alloys has been investigated in great detail, less is known about the precipitation of β from α. This study conducts a systematic investigation of structures and migrations of interfaces between β precipitates and α′ matrix in a Ti-2.6 wt% Mo alloy. Utilizing conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), assisted with molecular dynamics and generalized O-element analysis approaches, we unveil the dislocation and atomic structures of three typical portions of the interface surrounding a β precipitate, i.e., the habit plane, the side facet, and the end face. The habit plane of β precipitates contains two sets of dislocations with Burgers vectors b 1 = [ 2 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 3 ] α / 6 | [ 1 1 ¯ 1 ] β / 2 and b 4 = [ 2 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 3 ¯ ] α / 6 | [ 11 1 ¯ ] β / 2 , in contrast to the single set of b 1 dislocations previously found on the habit plane of α laths precipitated from β matrix in various Ti alloys. Interface migrations during shrinkage of β precipitates are characterized via in-situ TEM, showing that both the habit plane and side facet migrate through the lateral motion of nanometer-high growth ledges. The dislocation structures of various growth ledges were obtained through generalized O-element calculations, suggesting a potential non-conservative dislocation trajectory as semicoherent growth ledges sweep across the interface. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of study: To determine the effect of jujuboside A (JuA) in modulating the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor subunits gene expression of hippocampal neurons at different terms in vitro. Materials and methods: Hippocampal neurons of rat were cultured in vitro, treated with JuA or diazepam (DZP). Then GABAA receptor mRNAs were evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results: JuA at the low dose of 41μM (about 0.05g/l) induced significant increase of GABAA receptor α1, α5, β2 subunit mRNAs in both 24 and 72h treatments. JuA at the high dose of 82μM (about 0.1g/l) significantly increased GABAA receptor α1, α5 subunit mRNA levels and decreased β2 subunit mRNA level at 24h treatment, and decreased GABAA receptor subunit α1, β2 mRNAs expression at 72h treatment. DZP of 10μM significantly increased expression of GABAA receptor subunit α1, α5 and decreased expression of β2 at 24h treatment, and decreased α1, α5, β2 subunits gene expression at 72h treatment. Conclusion: Differences in alterations in GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs expression following JuA and DZP treatments could help to explain the differences in the pharmacological action of the two drugs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Two orientation relationships (ORs) and morphologies with well-defined facets of Mg2Sn precipitates in a Mg–Sn–Zn alloy were recently reported. However, the irrational angles of these two ORs were described without explanation. This study reveals that a unique matching-row-on-terrace structure exists in a dominant facet corresponding to either of the observed ORs. The calculated ORs, the orientations of three facets associated with each OR and the terrace-ledge structures in the dominant facets all match well with observations. The present method of row-matching analysis is useful for understanding high-index faceted interfaces and their associated irrational ORs.Two orientation relationships (ORs) and morphologies with well-defined facets of Mg2Sn precipitates in a Mg–Sn–Zn alloy were recently reported. However, the irrational angles of these two ORs were described without explanation. This study reveals that a unique matching-row-on-terrace structure exists in a dominant facet corresponding to either of the observed ORs. The calculated ORs, the orientations of three facets associated with each OR and the terrace-ledge structures in the dominant facets all match well with observations. The present method of row-matching analysis is useful for understanding high-index faceted interfaces and their associated irrational ORs.Two orientation relationships (ORs) and morphologies with well-defined facets of Mg2Sn precipitates in a Mg–Sn–Zn alloy were recently reported. However, the irrational angles of these two ORs were described without explanation. This study reveals that a unique matching-row-on-terrace structure exists in a dominant facet corresponding to either of the observed ORs. The calculated ORs, the orientations of three facets associated with each OR and the terrace-ledge structures in the dominant facets all match well with observations. The present method of row-matching analysis is useful for understanding high-index faceted interfaces and their associated irrational ORs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discusses the necessity and methods of replantation for complete amputation of finger composite lateral tissue., Methods: From March 2012 to April 2015, 62 cases of complete amputated finger lateral tissue for various causes were retrospectively analyzed, including 34 males and 28 females with an average age of 29.1 years old ranging from 17 to 52 years old, involved 27 cases of thumb, index finger in 15 cases, 13 cases of middle finger, ring finger in 8 cases, 2 cases of the little finger, 2 fingers were injured in 3 cases, 14 cases involving the distal interphalangeal joint. The time from injury to treatment was 30 min to 2 hour with an average of 1 hour. The appearance of the fingers, finger tip sensation and the recovery of the functional of the patients were followed up and observed., Results: Of 62 cases, 58 cases survived, the survival time was 3 to 15 months with an average of 6.5 months. According to the Chinese medical association upper part of replantation function evaluation standard to assess efficacy trial, 52 cases were excellent, 3 cases were good, 3 cases were good, the excellent and good rate was 94.8%., Conclusions: The appearance and function is good after block from the broken replantation finger lateral organizations survive, as long as the patient general condition allows, away from the broken body is complete, there are available for blood vessels and nerves anastomosis, it should strive to reattach it., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

Objective: To summarize clinical application of the high tibial osteatomy (HTO) with lateral closing-wedge for the treatment of pain of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee., Methods: From February 2000 to February 2004,9 patients (3 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 52 to 58 years, with an average of 56 years) with unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee treated by HTO with lateral closing-wedge. The proximal tibiofibular joint was exposed, the anterior part of the capsule was incised, and to remove a laterally based wedge with saw cuts and osteotomes. Stepped staples were used for the fixation of tibial osteotomies after closing the defect of osteotomy., Results: The operative course was uneventful. There were no complications after operation. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 2 to 5.5 years (mean, 3.5 years). The results were evaluated with functional assessment criterion of the osteoarthritis of the knee, among the 9 cases, excellent was in 5 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 1 case., Conclusion: HTO with lateral closing-wedge is an effective operative method for the treatment of pain of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee, but except for older patients over 60 years.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical application of microsurgical fascia latae flaps combined with rib and skin graft for reconstruction of the distal phalanx defect., Methods: The phalanx wounds were sutured together like syndactyly. The autologous rib was revised to repair the bone defect of distal phalanx. The fascia latae flap was used to cover the bone exposure with microvascular anastomoses and resurfaced by a meshed split-thickness skin graft., Results: 5 cases were treated successfully. The fascia latae flaps were all survived with only skin graft necrosis at the distal end in one case. It was healed spontaneously., Conclusions: The fascia latae flap is nourished by the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. The flaps has a good blood supply and can be easily obtained with a long vascular pedicle. The flap is ideal for the reconstruction of distal phalanx defect when combined with autologous rib implant and skin graft.

Objective: To report the clinical results of the repair of soft-tissue defect of amputation stumps of the forearm with free flap from the traumatic amputated extremity., Methods: Five patients, 4 males and 1 female, aged 32 (22 - 43), with soft-tissue defect of the remaining stump of the traumatic amputation of the forearm, 3 cases in the right forearm and 2 cases in the left forearm, underwent repair of the defect by free flap from the traumatic amputated extremity with the size of the flaps ranging from 8 cm x 9 cm to 9 cm x 12 cm. The patients were followed up for 2.6 years (1.5 - 3.5 years)., Results: Superficial infection occurred in one patient postoperatively and the wound was gradually healed by daily wound dressings. All the flaps survived completely with satisfactory clinical results. The cosmetic appearance on the recipient area was good and the function of the elbow recovered satisfactorily., Conclusion: The flap from the traumatic amputated extremity has a constant vascular anatomy and a long vascular pedicle, so that dissection of the flap can be accomplished easily. The surgery allows to preserve the functional length or the elbow function of the remaining stump of the traumatic amputation.

Aim: This investigation was to reveal the characteristics and mechanism of enzyme secretion and increase in [Ca2+]i stimulated by saikosaponin(I) (SA(I)) in rat pancreatic acini., Methods: Pancreatic acini were prepared from male Wistar rats. Isolated acinar cells were suspended in Eagle's MEM solution. After adding drugs, the incubation was performed at 37 degrees for a set period of time. Amylase of supernatant was assayed using starch-iodide reaction. Isolated acinar single cell was incubated with Fura-2/AM at 37 degrees, then cells were washed and resuspended in fresh solution and attached to the chamber. Cytoplasm [Ca2+]i of a single cell was expressed by fluorescence ratio F340/F380 recorded in a Nikon PI Ca2+ measurement system., Results: Rate course of amylase secretion stimulated by SA(I) in rat pancreatic acini appeared in bell-like shape. The peak amplitude increased depended on SA(I) concentration. The maximum rate responded to 1 x 10(-5)mol/L SA(I) was 13.1-fold of basal and the rate decreased to basal level at 30 min. CCK-8 receptor antagonist Bt(2)-cGMP markedly inhibited amylase secretion stimulated by SA(I) and the dose-effect relationship was similar to that by CCK-8. [Ca2+]i in a single acinar cell rose to the peak at 5 min after adding 5 x 10(-6)mol/L SA(I) and was 5.1-fold of basal level. In addition, there was a secondary increase after the initial peak. GDP could inhibit both the rate of amylase secretion and rising of [Ca2+]i stimulated by SA(I) in a single pancreatic acinar cell., Conclusion: SA(I) is highly efficient in promoting the secretion of enzymes synthesized in rat pancreatic acini and raising intracellular [Ca2+]i. Signaling transduction pathway of SA(I) involves activating special membrane receptor and increase in cytoplasm [Ca2+]i sequentially.