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The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still far from the theoretical efficiency due to the pronounced losses in open‐circuit voltage (VOC). The VOC loss can be mitigated by employing an appropriate hole transport layer (HTL), which facilitates energy level alignment and minimizes interface recombination losses. In this work, two D‐π‐A type polymers are chosen, PE64 and PE65, as HTLs, where pentacyclic dithieno[2,3‐d; 2′,3′‐d "]benzo[1,2‐b; 4,5‐b"]dithiophene (DTBDT) as the D‐unit and quinoxaline (Qx) as the A‐unit. It is demonstrated that the polymer PE65 with chlorinated thiophene side chain on the DTBDT unit has an optimized molecular arrangement, improved energy level matching, and enhanced passivation with CsPbI2Br, effectively reducing the losses caused by radiative and non‐radiative recombination in CsPbI2Br PSCs. Finally, the CsPbI2Br PSCs utilizing PE65 as HTL achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.60% with a high VOC of 1.44 V. Furthermore, the PE64 and PE65 are also employed to construct inter‐connecting layers (ICLs) for tandem solar cells (TSCs). The CsPbI2Br/D18:Y6 TSCs based on PE65‐ICL yield a PCE of 22.32% with a high VOC of 2.25 V. This work demonstrates that pentacyclic DTBDT‐based polymers are also promising HTLs for high‐performance PSCs and TSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic indicators of primary pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma (PACC). Methods: Clinical data were collected from 64 primary PACC patients and analyzed retrospectively at the Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, and the Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2003 to August 2023. The 64 patients (28 males and 36 females) were aged from 20 to 73 years, with a median age of 49 years and an average age of 49.3 years. Results: Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumors expressed CK7, S‐100 protein, CK5/6, CD117, and p63. Seven patients underwent fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing and three were found to have myeloblastosis (MYB) gene translocation. In total, 53 patients underwent surgery, among whom 31 received only surgery and 22 received both surgery and postoperative chemoradiotherapy. In addition, 10 patients received chemoradiotherapy only, while one patient underwent treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. The overall survival rates in the first, third, and fifth years were 98.4%, 95.3%, and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Prognostic analysis revealed that age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis status, margin status, and choice of treatment modality significantly influenced the patients' prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, deep learning-based classification methods for hyperspectral images (HSIs) have gained widespread popularity in fields such as agriculture, environmental monitoring, and geological exploration. This is owing to their ability to automatically extract features and deliver outstanding performance. This study provides a new Dilated Spectral–Spatial Gaussian Transformer Net (DSSGT) model. The DSSGT model incorporates dilated convolutions as shallow feature extraction units, which allows for an expanded receptive field while maintaining computational efficiency. We integrated transformer architecture to effectively capture feature relationships and generate deep fusion features, thereby enhancing classification accuracy. We used consecutive dilated convolutional layers to extract joint low-level spectral–spatial features. We then introduced Gaussian Weighted Pixel Embedding blocks, which leverage Gaussian weight matrices to transform the joint features into pixel-level vectors. By combining the features of each pixel with its neighbouring pixels, we obtained pixel-level representations that are more expressive and context-aware. The transformed vector matrix was fed into the transformer encoder module, enabling the capture of global dependencies within the input data and generating higher-level fusion features with improved expressiveness and discriminability. We evaluated the proposed DSSGT model using five hyperspectral image datasets through comparative experiments. Our results demonstrate the superior performance of our approach compared to those of current state-of-the-art methods, providing compelling evidence of the DSSGT model's effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the microelectronics industry, industrial applications have put forward higher requirements on the efficiency and reliability of the dispenser, and the traditional piezoelectric dispenser uses ordinary spring preloading way, in this way, the dispenser is difficult to obtain a higher dispensing frequency, because of to the wear and tear between the connecting components and the subsequent response. In this paper, a new type of wire cutting π type spring is designed and manufactured, which solves the problem that traditional piezostack dispensers can not get the high operating frequency. In the structural design of π type spring, the stiffness of the reset spring is studied, and the output displacement characteristics of the reset spring are verified. Finally, we established the glue test system, and the point spray test is carried out on the fuse breaker and glycerol alcohol mixture at its operating frequency of 666 Hz. The mass of the fuse is measured by an electronic scale and its mass distribution is 3.08 mg (±2.5%). The diameter of the glycerol alcohol mixture sprayed by dispensing can reach 217.3 µm. By analyzing the mass and size of the glue point, it is verified that the piezoelectric dispenser with π-type reset spring can achieve high-frequency dispensing accuracy and small drop size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review on the association between anticholinergic medication uses and the risk of pneumonia in elderly adults. Medical databases were searched included PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and Google Scholar (up to December 7, 2022). Studies evaluating association between anticholinergic medication uses and the risk of pneumonia in elderly adults were included. Studies without available data were excluded. We made meta-analysis by using adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from random-effects model. The risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I tool and statistical heterogeneity using the I2 statistic. Registration: INPLASY202330070. A total of six studies with 107,012 participants were included. Meta-analysis results showed that anticholinergic medication uses was related with an increased risk of pneumonia (aOR = 1.59; 95%CI, 1.32–1.92) and stroke-associated pneumonia (aOR = 2.02; 95%CI, 1.76–2.33). Moreover, risk estimates of pneumonia for high-potency anticholinergics (aOR = 1.96; 95%CI, 1.22–3.14) were higher than those for low-potency anticholinergics (aOR = 1.58; 95%CI, 1.27–1.97). And increased risk of pneumonia was associated with the anticholinergic medication uses within 30 days (aOR = 2.13; 95%CI, 1.33–3.43), within 90 days (aOR = 2.03; 95%CI, 1.26–3.26) and chronic use (aOR = 1.65; 95%CI, 1.09–2.51). The risk of pneumonia is increased in elderly adults with anticholinergic medication, especially with higher-potency anticholinergic drugs and in the initiation phase of anticholinergic medication. Clinicians should monitor their use in older patients carefully, especially when the pneumonia-related signs and symptoms are identified. Anticholinergic medication could increase the risk of pneumonia in elderly adults. The risk of pneumonia was higher in the initiation phase of anticholinergic medication and when the older patients was medicated with higher-potency anticholinergic drugs. Clinicians should monitor anticholinergic drugs use in older patients carefully, especially when the pneumonia-related signs and symptoms are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we give a new proof using Newton polygons for an irreducibility criterion established by Singh and Kumar. Then we prove a conjecture of Koley and Reddy. In addition, we give a new proof for the statement that x n ± c x n − 1 ± c with c ⩾ 2 is irreducible unless (n , c) = (2 , 4) , which is a conjecture of Harrington. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]