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Objective: To investigate the hypoglycemic characteristics of hospitalized elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)., Methods: From January, 2014 to December, 2015, the data of 58 565 blood measurements using a standard blood glucose monitoring system (BGMS) were collected from 1187 cases of patients with type 2 diabetes during hospitalization in the Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong General Hospital (Guangzhou, China). Stratified analyses were conducted by dividing the patients into 3 age groups, namely <45 years group (128 cases), 45-64 years group (594 cases), and ≥65 years group (465 cases). The incidence and time distribution of hypoglycemia in these patients were compared among the 3 age groups., Results: The risk of hypoglycemia increased with age. Compared with those below 45 years of age, the patients beyond or equal to 65 years had a significantly increased hypoglycemic density (0.95% vs 0.40%, P<0.001), a higher proportion of patients with hypoglycemia (28.17% vs 10.94%, P<0.001), and greater patient-days with hypoglycemia (4.48% vs 1.76%, P<0.001). In the elderly patients, hypoglycemia occurred most frequently before dawn, at which time the hypoglycemic density was 2.66% in patients ≥65 years of age, significantly higher than that in patients below 45 years (1.09%, P<0.05) and between 45 and 64 years (1.90%, P<0.05); the proportion of patients with hypoglycemia was also significantly higher in the elderly patients (14.57%) than in those below 45 years (3.77%, P<0.02) and between 45 and 64 years (9.42%, P<0.02). The proportion of patients with recurrent hypoglycemia (≥2 times) was significantly higher in patients ≥65 years (13.33%) than in younger patients (2.34% in <45 years group and 9.43% in 45-64 years group, P<0.05)., Conclusion: The hypoglycemic risk in hospitalized elderly patients with T2DM is significantly higher than that in younger patients, especially before dawn and in terms of recurrent hypoglycemia. Clinicians should develop differential blood glucose monitoring and management strategies for these elderly patients to improve the clinical safety.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most frequent adult leukemia in Western population, is characterized by accumulation of mature-looking CD5 + /19 + /23 + B cells in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic organs. Over the last 20 years, there has been a dramatic change in therapy for CLL, the complete response rate increased from the initial <5% to the current 40%-50%, this remarkable improvement has been attributable to combination of chemoimmunotherapy agents that have contributed to the backbone of therapy for patients with CLL. Especially over the past 5 years, there has been an explosion of new active agents that provide a very effective solution for patients with recurrent/refractory disease as well as those who harbor poor cytogenetic abnormalities. This review focuses on some of the novel small molecule drugs that have either been approved or are at the forefront of clinical development in the treatment of patients with CLL, including tyrosine kinase inhibitior ibrutinib, PI3K inhibitor idelalisib, Syk inhibitor, BCL-2 inhibitor and so on.

A total of 73 household dust and 6 office dust were collected and the concentrations of Ca, Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured by ICP-OES, in order to study the levels of heavy metals in city indoor dust and assessits risk from indoor and outdoor dust to children. The result showed that: 1 The concentrations of Ca, Fe were 107, 31.9 g·kg -1 and those of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were 1.77, 107, 231, 81.9, 199, 721 mg·kg -1 , respectively. 2The levels of Cu and Zn in office dust were significantly higher than those in household dust, and the levels of other elements had no obvious difference from those in household dust. 3The levels of Ca and Fe in household dust with different floor numbers were not significantly different, but the levels of Cd, Cu and Pb in household dust with different floor numbers had obvious difference. The levels of elements in household dust from 1th floor were relatively higher, and the level of Pb in household dust from higher floors was higher than that on lower floors. 4Outdoor environment, indoor decoration and life styles may cause the difference of elements level in different household dust. 5There was no obvious risk from heavy metals in dust to children.

With the emergence of urban high-rise building, the vertical space of human daily life gradually extended upward. Seasonal characteristics of vertical distribution of dust loadings and heavy metals near surface are remarkable. In this study, we collected dust deposited on the windowsill at different space height (1th-8th floor) from three buildings in Guiyang city during spring, summer, autumn and winter, and analyzed the deposition fluxes of dust and elements including Ca, Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. The results showed that: the total changing trend of vertical distribution of dust loadings was that the deposition fluxes of dust in winter were the highest, followed by those in spring, and the deposition fluxes of dust in summer were the lowest. The degree of variation on dust loadings dependent on the change of elevation was the highest in winter, followed by that in summer, and was relatively lower in spring and autumn. The effect on dust loadings by seasonal changing was relatively heavier on windowsill on the lower level than on the higher level. The levels of elements were the highest in spring dust, while those in autumn were relatively lower. Among the 8 elements, the variability of Zn in dust related to space time variation was the most obvious, and that of Ca was weaker. The atmospheric inversion condition might be one of the reasons that improved the deposition fluxes of dust and the contents of Ph and Zn in dust during winter and spring.

The mechanism of biological actions of quercetin was studied by using metabolomic method and biomolecular network. HPLC-MS was used to analyze the serum metabolome in rats of blank group and quercetin administration group rats, and MS data were processed by MATLAB software. With multivariate statistical analysis of serum metabolite profiles, a clear separation among blank group and quercetin administration group was achieved, potential biomarkers were selected according to the parameters of variable importance in the projection (VIP) and identified according to MS information and database retrieval. Four compounds, related enzymes, action targets and metabolic pathways had been confirmed, namely retinoic acid and RARbeta, arachidonate and COX-2, 3, 5-diodotyrosine and TPO, uridine diphosphate glucose and PDEs. The mechanism of quercetin enhancing ability of retinoic acid on the induction of RARbeta, activating TPO, using as COX-2 and PDEs inhibitor was approved by biomolecular network and related literatures. In this study, a mechanism of multiple biological actions of quercetin was evaluated at the level of the biomolecular network, metabolomics and biomolecular network can be used to investigate the biological effects mechanism of quercetin, which provided a new method to further revealing mechanism of drug action.

The emerging waterborne pathogens (EWPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are important for drinking water safety. The detection and quantification of 7 EWPs and 4 ARGs were carried out in Jiulong River, which is the main water source of southwestern Fujian Province. The water samples were collected from four sites of the Jiulong River downstream area and a drinking water treatment plant nearby. DNA was extracted and quantified by real-time (SYBR Green) PCR methods after the samples were filtered through 0.22 pim membranes. The results showed that the amount of Salmonella enterica (Salmonella spp.), Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) could reach up to 10(3), 10(4) and 10(5) copies x mL(-1), respectively. The concentration of organic matter in water may affect the copy numbers significantly. The water plant could effectively remove most EWPs and ARGs except Salmonella spp.. Therefore, more efforts should be made on water pollution source control, water treatment technology and point-of-use system to make sure the safety of drinking water.

In order to explore the mechanism of NH(4+)-N removal in drinking water biofilter, water quality parameters, such as NH(4+)-N, NO(2-)-N, NO(3-)-N, total phosphorus, permanganate index, nitrogen gas, temperature and dissolved oxygen etc, were determined in the inflow and outflow of biofilter. Samples of granular activated carbon (GAC) at different height (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 cm) of the biofiter media were collected and analyzed for the bacterial community with molecular biology techniques. The bacterial diversity in the activated carbon biofilm sample was studied based on the phylogenetic analysis of sequences. The results showed that there were three stages according to the NH(4+)-N concentration in the influent. The "nitrogen loss" phenomenon (total inorganic nitrogen in the effluent was less than that in the influent) occurred at the first, second and third stages and the amount of nitrogen loss were 0.94, 0.32 and 0.15 mg x L(-1), respectively. The amount of nitrogen loss had a good positive correlation with the NH(4+)-N concentration in the influent, but not a linear relationship with the concentration of the permanganate index in the influent. The average concentrations of N2 increased gradually with the height of media in the biofilter, with values of 14.04 and 14.67 mg x L(-1) in the influent and the effluent, respectively. Based on the sequencing results, the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the activated carbon biofilm were classified into three common genera: Nitrosococcus, Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira. When the NH(4+)-N concentration in the influent was relatively high, the "nitrogen loss" phenomenon in biofilter was caused by the AOB.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors, pathogenesis, cause of death, and outcome of different stroke subtypes., Methods: The relevant data, including demographics, baseline risk factors, cause of death, and 1-year case fatality, were analyzed among 1913 consecutive hospitalized patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, 599 (31.3%) with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and 1314 with ischemic stroke (68.7%), including 209 cases (15.9%) of total anterior circulation infarction (TACI), 417 cases (31.7%) of partial anterior circulation infarction (PACI), and 186 cases (14.2%) of posterior circulation infarctions (POCI), and 502 cases (38.2%) of lacunar infarctions (LACI), 1098 males and 815 females, aged 64 +/- 13 (14-98)., Results: Multivariate analysis showed that when age and sex were adjusted, atrial fibrillation was the independent predictive factor of TACI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.25-2.31), hypertension and alcohol intake were the independent predictive factor LACI (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.02-2.18; 0R = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03-3.04) and ICH (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.31-3.02; OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-4.13). A negative association was observed between hypertension and TACI (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.34-0.72), atrial fibrillation and LACI (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.26-0.82), and ICH and diabetes (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.42-0.76). As compared to LACI, TACI and ICH significantly increased the risk of 1-year mortality (OR = 6.21, 95% CI = 2.86-8.42; OR = 5.86; 95% CI = 2.46-8.52)., Conclusions: Stroke subtypes have different risk factor profile, causes and outcome. Information on determinants of the clinical syndromes may impact on the prevention and acute phase interventions.