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The Chuxiong basin, located in southwest China, is well known as a mineralization area of red-bed type copper deposits in China. These deposits are characterized by mineral zoning, which is especially true for the Dayao deposits. The mineral zoning is consistent for both horizontal and vertical zoning; from the base (center) of the ore body to the top (outermost), the mineral zones are from hematite, chalcocite, chalcocite + bornite, and bornite + chalcopyrite to pyrite. We studied the mineral zoning in detail using a thermodynamic phase diagram method, such as log⁡fO2-log⁡fS2, pH-log⁡fO2, and pH-Eh, and discussed the constraints on the order of the minerals precipitation under different physiochemical conditions. It is indicated that changes in temperature have little effect on pH and Eh in the formation of minerals. S2− is stable only below 473 K, and the forming temperature of chalcocite must be below 473 K. In this paper, we also explain the mineral zoning formation mechanism and propose that the main controlling factor of mineral zoning is pH. Because this mineral zoning is widespread in sediment-hosted deposits, studies on this mechanism can considerably promote better understanding of the genesis of ore deposits in order to guide the exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lamellar single crystals of poly(E-caprolactone) (PCL)-based crystalline/liquid-crystalline block copolymer (BCP) were prepared from two methods: solution crystallization in n-hexanol as well as addition of methanol dropwise to BCP/DMF solution. The crystalline morphologies of PCL single crystals prepared at different temperatures were investigated. It was observed that welldeveloped single crystals were formed in n-hexanol at high crystallization temperatures, while low crystallization temperatures favored to fabricate well-developed nanosheets in methanol/DMF. Annealing at the melting temperature of single crystals yielded the crystalline seeds and unimers in n-hexanol, while it formed spherical micelles in methanol/DMF system. As a result, the size of single crystals in n-hexanol could be tuned by addition of different ratios of unimer/seed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pharmaceutial Care & Research is the property of Editorial Board of Pharmaceutial Care & Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A table of contents for the issue is presented.

The development of inorganic functionalized membranes with the capacity to effectively separate molecules or ions in solutions based on the size or electrostatic interactions is pivotal to purification and separation applications. Herein, we demonstrate a novel green strategy utilizing a completely aqueous process to construct an asymmetrically structured metal surface functionalized polymer–matrix nanocomposite nanofiltration membrane. Crosslinked polyethyleneimine (PEI) is grafted on a carboxylated carbon nanotube intermediate layer incorporated into the macroporous cellulose acetate substrate to form the composite membrane. The resulting membrane is subsequently inorganically modified via an in situ surface reaction of zinc nitrate with excess ammonium hydroxide to produce the hydrophilic and positively charged membrane. Crosslinking enhances the polymer interaction with the carbon nanotube interlayer which in turn endows it with mechanical strength and sustains the membrane pore structure during pressure driven filtration. The functionalized membrane displays outstanding pure water flux of 16.5 ± 1.3 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 while exhibiting good nanofiltration performance of bivalent cations, which is ascribed to the electrostatic repulsion via the Donnan exclusion effect. Meanwhile the membranes exhibit excellent separation of organic molecules and long-term filtration stability. This newly developed approach presents a promising route for the construction of highly permeable nanofiltration membranes for fast purification and separation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A granite-related scheelite deposit has been recently discovered in the Wuyi metallogenic belt of southeast China. The veinlet-disseminated scheelite occurs mainly in the inner and outer contact zones of the porphyritic biotite granite, spatially associated with potassic feldspathization and silicification. Re-Os dating of molybdenite intergrowths with scheelite yield a well-constrained isochron age of 170.4 ± 1.2 Ma, coeval with the LA-MC-ICP-MS concordant zircon age of porphyritic biotite granite (167.6 ± 2.2 Ma), indicating that the Lunwei W deposit was formed in the Middle Jurassic (~170 Ma). We identify three stages of ore formation (from early to late): (I) the quartz-K-feldspar-scheelite stage; (II) the quartz-polymetallic sulfide stage; and (III) the quartz-carbonate stage. Based on petrographic observations and microthermometric criteria, the fluid inclusions in the scheelite and quartz are determined to be mainly aqueous two-phase (liquid-rich and gas-rich) fluid inclusions, with minor gas-pure and CO2-bearing fluid inclusions. Ore-forming fluids in the Lunwei W deposit show a successive decrease in temperature and salinity from Stage I to Stage III. The homogenization temperature decreases from an average of 299 °C in Stage I, through 251 °C in Stage II, to 212 °C in Stage III, with a corresponding change in salinity from an average of 5.8 wt.%, through 5.2 wt.%, to 3.4 wt.%. The ore-forming fluids have intermediate to low temperatures and low salinities, belonging to the H2O-NaCl ± CO2 system. The δ18OH2O values vary from 1.8‰ to 3.3‰, and the δDV-SMOW values vary from -66‰ to -76‰, suggesting that the ore-forming fluid was primarily of magmatic water mixed with various amounts of meteoric water. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfides (δ34S ranging from -1.1‰ to +2.4‰) and Re contents in molybdenite (1.45-19.25 µg/g, mean of 8.97 µg/g) indicate that the ore-forming materials originated mainly in the crust. The primary mechanism for mineral deposition in the Lunwei W deposit was a decrease in temperature and the mixing of magmatic and meteoric water. The Lunwei deposit can be classified as a porphyry-type scheelite deposit and is a product of widespread tungsten mineralization in South China. We summarize the geological characteristics of typical W deposits (the Xingluokeng, Shangfang, and Lunwei deposits) in the Wuyi metallogenic belt and suggest that porphyry and skarn scheelite deposits should be considered the principal exploration targets in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The table of contents for the journal "ChemComm" Volume 51 No. 60 August 4, 2015 issue is presented.

The Langdu skarn copper deposit in the Zhongdian area, Yunnan Province, China, has an average Cu grade of 6.49 %. The deposit is related to a porphyry intrusion (~216 Ma), which was emplaced in the Upper Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Tumugou and Qugasi Formations. At the Langdu skarn copper deposit, carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of fresh limestones (δO = 3.0-5.6 ‰ relative to V-SMOW; δC = 24.5-25.7 ‰ relative to PDB) and partly altered limestones (δO = 27-7.2 to −1.9 ‰; δC = 11.8-15.2 ‰) indicated that the deposit was a typical marine carbonate source. Oxygen and carbon isotope values for calcites formed at different hydrothermal stages are −9.1 to 0.2 and 10.1-16.3 ‰, respectively. Moreover, the carbon-oxygen isotopic composition of an ore-forming fluid (δO = 5.0-9.5 ‰, δC = −7.3 to −5.3 ‰) suggested the presence of magmatic water, which most likely came from the differentiation or melting of a homologous magma chamber. The deposition of Calcite I may arise from metasomatism in an open system with a progressively decreasing temperature. Later, the minerals chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, quartz and Calcite II were precipitated due to immiscibility. Water-rock interaction could potentially be responsible for Calcite III precipitation in the post-ore stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tractor and implement system travels on the road at a high speed, due to the system's severe vibration, the guide wheel's static load becomes smaller and the tractor's steering stability becomes poor, and so it is easy to cause the accident. Moreover, the vibration characteristic's research of tractor and implement system is mainly concentrated in the field of operation state, but the vibration characteristic in the transportation condition is less involved. To study the influence of implement's mass on vibration characteristics of tractor and implement system, taking the CF700 tractor as the research object, combining the method of simulation with test verification, the tractor and implement system vibration model and simulation model were built up. The key parameters of CF700 tractor were measured in the self-developed experimental station. The biggest mass of the implement and the system's mass attribute parameters were determined by calculation. At different speeds, the implement's mass was changed, and the simulation was conducted using the Matlab software. Some results were obtained which included the natural frequency of vibration system in vertical and pitch directions, the acceleration root mean square (RMS) of seat in vertical direction, the angle acceleration RMS of seat in pitch direction, the front tire's dynamic load coefficient and the rear tire's dynamic load coefficient. The experiment was conducted in the identification station of Jiangsu Province. The terms of experiment were equivalent to the condition for the simulation. Through the comparison with experimental results, the simulation results were confirmed to be accurate and meet the requirement of the research. It was shown that, the natural frequency of vibration system in vertical and pitch directions decreases with the increase of the implement mass. In addition, compared with the natural frequency in vertical direction, that in pitch direction decreases faster. The vertical natural frequency reduces to 2.74 Hz from 3.42 Hz and the pitch natural frequency reduces to 1.78 Hz from 3.07 Hz. At same speed, the acceleration RMS of seat in vertical and pitch directions decreases with the increase of the implement mass. The acceleration RMS in vertical and pitch directions is concentrated in 1.5-3 m/s2 and 1.5-2.5 m/s2 ranges, respectively. The front tire's dynamic load coefficient increases with the increase of the implement mass at same speed. It increases to 0.33 from 0.09. The static load of the front tire decreases gradually with the increase of the implement's mass, and the probability that the front tire departs from the ground increases, which has a serious impact on driving safety. Compared with the front tire's dynamic load coefficient, the rear tire's dynamic load coefficient is much smaller. When the speed is slow, the rear tire's dynamic load coefficient decreases slightly from 0.06 to 0.03 with the increase of the implement mass, and when the speed is fast, the rear tire's dynamic load coefficient increases gradually from 0.06 to 0.17 with the increase of the implement mass. The excessive tire dynamic load will compact field soils and destroy the farmland's ecological environment and crop yield. The conclusion provides an important reference for the design of tractor vibration system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drought stress responses of plants are complex regulatory mechanisms that include various physiological responses reflected by the global metabolic status. Metabolomics is an effective, analytical, and instrumental technique for informatics/statistics for the acquisition of comprehensive information on metabolites. We investigate the effect of drought stress on a Belosynapsis ciliata cultivar, 'Qiuhong' (a drought-tolerant cultivar), using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based on a widely targeted metabolomic approach. 'Qiuhong' leaves are subjected to 15- and 30-day drought treatments and are then compared to a control group without drought stress and a rehydration group. In total, 290 differentially accumulated metabolites were detected between drought and normal conditions through multivariate statistical analyses, of which 65 metabolites (36 upregulated and 29 downregulated) were highlighted for their significant contribution to drought tolerance, including an anthocyanin (peonidin 3-O-galactoside) that caused the purple-red hue in leaves under drought stress. In addition, we found that two significantly altered pathways (citrate cycle and purine metabolism) were related to enhanced drought tolerance in plants. Notably, the synthesis of three compounds (p-coumaroyl putrescine, apigenin 6-C-glucoside, and β-nicotinamide mononucleotide) was specifically induced in the drought-treated 'Qiuhong', indicating their critical roles in drought resistance. Our results provide a foundation for further research on drought-resistant mechanisms in B. ciliata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The distribution and speciation of mercury in surface water of East River, Guangdong province, China were investigated. Methods: All told 63 water samples were collected during a bi-weekly sampling campaign from July 15th to 26th, 2009. Results: Total mercury (THg) concentrations in water samples ranged from 11 to 49 ng/L. Maximum levels of THg were measured in the lower reaches of East River, where it passes through a major industrial area adjacent to Dongguang city. Higher ratios of dissolved mercury (THg (aq)) in proportion to THg were restricted to the downstream section of East River. Concentrations of the minor constituent methyl mercury varied in the range from 0.08 to 0.21 ng/L. On average, methyl mercury made up 0.8% and 0.56% of THg (aq) and THg, respectively. Dissolved species dominated the speciation of methyl mercury in proportions up to 81%, which may imply that methyl mercury is largely produced in situ within the river water. Environmental factors (such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, etc.) are regarded to play an important role in Hg methylation processes were monitored and assessed. Conclusions: In an international perspective, East River must be classified as a polluted river with considerably sources within its industrial areas. The THg (aq) and particle mercury fluxes to the Pearl River Estuary by East River run-off were estimated to be 0.31 ± 0.11 and 0.17 ± 0.13 t/year, respectively. Hence, in total nearly 0.5 t Hg is annually released to the sea from the East River tributary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In mammals, DNA methylation at the 5-position of cytosine is the most essential epigenetic modification. Changes in the level of genome-wide DNA methylation (also known as overall DNA methylation) are associated with alterations in gene expression, thereby contributing to the phenotypic and physiological diversity. Current technologies for detecting overall DNA methylation either suffer from low sensitivity or require sophisticated equipment. Studies on domestic animals are hampered by the lack of complete and annotated genomic information. Results: Here we report a rapid slot blot method using methyl-CpG binding protein (MBD1) to exam the level of overall DNA methylation in pigs and chickens. Using this rapid approach, we determined the methylation status in various DNA samples of a Chinese indigenous (Erhualian) and a Western (Large White) breed of pigs. We also chose day 18 embryos (E18) and newly hatched chicks (D1) of a Chinese indigenous chicken breed (Wen's yellow featheredbroiler chicken) for genome-wide DNA methylation analysis. The results revealed tissue- and breed specificdifferences, as well as age-dependent variations, in the level of overall DNA methylation. Conclusion: The results showed that the slot blot assay is a sensitive, highly specific and convenient method for semi-quantitative estimation of overall DNA methylation with no species specificity. This method does not require sophisticated equipment, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), or expensive technologies like sequencing, thus providing a useful tool for overall DNA methylation studies on domestic animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Manchukuo is easily dismissed as a puppet of Japan, at the time of its founding, it was one of many examples of a partially sovereign state. Specific compromises of Manchukuo's sovereignty shaped the formation of its domestic institutions, such as the legal sphere, in tangible ways. Manchukuo handed over to Japan the power to staff and ideologically mold its judiciary, while the tutelary attitude that Japan took toward the state was concretely manifested in aspects of Manchukuo penal and civil law, and a surprisingly contentious path to the abrogation of Japanese extraterritoriality. With the outbreak of war, Manchukuo effectively surrendered its national sovereignty to the needs of the Japanese empire, sacrificing its jurisdictional integrity as well. While not denying the deliberate attempt made by Japan to misrepresent the independence of Manchukuo, this article also seeks to understand more precisely how Manchukuo's architects assumed certain limits to state sovereignty, and how this understanding systematically crippled the new state's legal institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image super-resolution reconstruction is an effective method to improve image resolution, but most reconstruction methods rely on the clear low resolution images ignoring the blurred images which are also effective observations of the scene. Aiming at the problem, a super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) method via multi-frame defocused images is proposed. Firstly, according to the image degraded model, we establish the cost function of the point spread function (PSF) and utilize the particle swarm optimization algorithm to estimate it. Then, based on the multi-frame defocused images and PSFs, a joint reconstruction model is established to realize SRR by compressive sensing (CS) theory. In the CS framework, only the interpolated version of the low-resolution image is used for training purpose and the K-Singular Value Decomposition method is used for dictionary training. In addition, to solve the edge effect problem, an internal blur matrix is constructed according to the image blurring process, and a weight coefficient is introduced in the patch splicing process. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can accurately estimate the defocused image PSF and achieve a good reconstruction effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superresolution reconstruction produces a high-resolution image from a set of low-resolution images. Accurate subpixel image registration is critical in image superresolution reconstruction. The existence of outliers, which are defined as data points with different distributional characteristics from the assumed model, will produce erroneous image registration estimates that lead to undesirable results. Several solutions have been proposed to handle registration errors as a part of the regularized solution in the reconstruction step; however, they are invalid for videos that contain localized outliers, such as moving objects in the frames. We present a new robust image superresolution method to handle the localized motion outliers. We first separate the low-resolution image into several layers. After identifying the motion models of the layers, we calculate these separately. Then, we can obtain an accurate subpixel image registration of the background that contains important information. Finally, we fuse them into a high-resolution image. The effectiveness of our model is demonstrated with results from superresolution experiments with both synthetic and real sequences in the presence of localized motion outliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]