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Fullerene-derivatives based bulk heterojunctions hold an exceptionally important role on the roadmap of highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). In recent years, the utilization of the non-fused ring acceptors based OSCs has further improved photovoltaic power conversion efficiencies. Among these, one of the fundamental issues is to explore and to understand the spin-related polaron dissociation at charge transfer states because they act as the central unit for the photovoltaic action. It is also eagerly important to quantify some internal fields, such as hyperfine fields and the spin–orbit coupling. The aim of the work is to develop a method for unraveling the photoexcited spin states, particularly for the fullerene-derivative based OSC. Furthermore, it helps to elucidate a long-standing issue regarding the relatively high production of photocurrent for the P3HT:PC71BM system, which is indeed contrary to its counterpart the P3HT:PC61BM system. Their corresponding Jablonski diagrams have been determined in order to understand interior spin dynamics. The method of the study offers an alternative route for an understanding of device performance from the spin-related aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In view of the lack of integrated facilities for measuring and controlling flow of Doudou (agricultural) channel in irrigation area, an integrated quantity control building-Measurement and Control Integrated Water Distribution Farm Gate was designed to explore its performance on trapezoidal channel. [Method] Using the combination of agricultural gate control disc valve and circular pipe to form an integrated water distribution gate (hereinafter referred to as the water distribution gate), the hydraulic characteristics and flow formulas of the water distribution gate under different flow rates and different opening of the agricultural gate control disc valve are studied by model test. [Result] ① The flow formula of Water Distribution Farm Gate was fitted and designed. The average error of the flow calculated by the formula was 4.34% compared with the measured flow, and the measurement error of flow was less than ±5%, which met the water accuracy requirements of irrigation area. ② The "optimal water head" of Water Distribution Farm Gate is between 0.475 and 0.575 L in the overall length of the pipeline. ③ The water distribution gate mainly produces local head loss and head loss along the distance when the water flow passes through the disc valve, and the range of head loss is 29.54% to 38.89%. [Conclusion] When the flow rate is in the range of 30 - 65 m³/h, under different flow conditions and disc valve opening degree, the water metering can be carried out in the final channel of the irrigation area. Therefore, Water Distribution Farm Gate has a high prospect of popularization and practical application value in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractLung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide, associated with a poor survival rate. Taxol (Paclitaxel) is commonly used as a chemotherapeutic treatment for advanced lung cancers. While Taxol has improved clinical outcomes for lung cancer patients, a significant number of them develop resistance to Taxol, resulting in treatment failure. The role of the long noncoding RNA HCG18 in lung cancer and Taxol resistance has not yet been fully understood. To investigate this, we examined the expression of HCG18 and miR-34a-5p in lung tumors and normal lung tissues using qRT-PCR. We also assessed Taxol resistance through cell viability and apoptosis assays. Through the starBase online service, we analyzed the interactions between lncRNA and mRNA as well as miRNA and mRNA. We further validated the association between lncRNA and miRNA through luciferase and RNA pull-down assays. Our findings demonstrated that HCG18 was significantly upregulated in lung cancer tissues compared to normal lung tissues. Silencing HCG18 increased the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to Taxol. Additionally, our study established a Taxol-resistant cell line and observed a substantial upregulation of HCG18 in Taxol-resistant lung cancer cells. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that HCG18 could bind to miR-34a-5p, forming a competing endogenous RNA network, which was confirmed through luciferase assay. We found that miR-34a-5p was downregulated in lung cancer tissues and negatively correlated with Taxol resistance, as it directly bound to the 3’UTR region of HDAC1. Further results showed that inhibition of HCG18 significantly increased miR-34a-5p expression and sensitized lung cancer cells to Taxol. This sensitization could be reversed by inhibiting miR-34a-5p. Finally, we demonstrated in a xenograft mouse model that inhibition of HCG18 sensitized Taxol-resistant lung cancer cells to Taxol treatment by modulating the miR-34a-5p-HDAC1 axis. In conclusion, our in vitro and in vivo results uncover a novel molecular mechanism by which HCG18 promotes Taxol resistance through modulation of the miR-34a-5p/HDAC1 axis. These findings contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of chemo-resistant lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Series of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) and layer‐by‐layer (LbL) all‐polymer solar cells (APSCs) were prepared with polymer PM6 as donor and polymer PY‐DT as acceptor based on conventional and inverted configuration. Benefiting from the sequential deposition strategy, the good vertical phase separation and more ordered molecular arrangement can be formed in the LbL APSCs. The conventional LbL APSCs exhibit an optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.24% with a relatively large short circuit current density of 23.83 mA cm−2 and fill factor of 74.60%, photogenerated excitons near the indium tin oxide electrode can be efficiently utilized through energy transfer from PM6 to PY‐DT and the self‐absorption effect of PM6 for its long exciton diffuse distance. The 17.24% PCE of conventional LbL APSCs is higher than 16.72% of conventional BHJ APSCs, 14.59% of inverted BHJ APSCs and 12.41% of inverted LbL APSCs. The rather low PCE of 12.41% for the inverted LbL APSCs further indicates that the energy transfer from donor to acceptor and self‐absorption effect of donor should play a vital role in determining the performance of LbL APSCs. This work provides more insights on the exciton and carrier dynamic process in sequentially deposited active layer, providing more guidance for preparing efficient LbL APSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]