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The epidemiological information on characteristics, in-hospital treatments, and outcomes of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among pediatric patients has not been fully evaluated in Japan. This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the Osaka Prefecture, Japan, and we enrolled laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients aged ≤ 19 years old from January to November in 2020. Of 14,846 COVID-19 eligible patients, 1240 pediatric patients (8.4%) were registered during the study period, 329 were children aged 0–9 years (26.5%) and 911 were adolescents aged 10–19 years (73.5%). The majority of the patients exhibited mild symptoms at diagnosis (872, 70.3%), some were asymptomatic (296, 23.9%). Cluster infections occurred in child-care facilities (26, 7.9%) among children and in universities (27, 3.0%) and schools (18, 2.0%) among adolescents. The number of close-contact cases was 260 (69.0%) in children and 459 (50.4%) in adolescents. Sixty of the children (18.2%) and 90 of the adolescents (9.9%) were hospitalized. One patient received mechanical ventilation, and none underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. One patient was admitted to the intensive care unit, there were no deaths. These results are useful for recognizing the clinical course from transmission route to outcomes of this infection in pediatric patients.

Genus Phaesticus Uvarov, 1940 (Phaestus Bol��var, 1887; Lamprauges Blackith, 1992) = Flatocerus Liang & Zheng, 1984 syn. nov. Type species: Phaesticus mellerborgi (St��l, 1855) Redescription of generic characteristics General appearance. Body size small, surface smooth and without humps or wrinkles. Head. Vertex and occiput clearly separated by a ridge (posterior margin of fossulae); vertex extremely shortened, sloping forwards, only restricted between anterior and posterior margins of fossulae; anterior margin narrowest, only reaching the middle of the inner margins of eyes in dorsal view; medial carina and frontal costa not quite developed (P. mellerborgi and P. moniliantennatus) or indistinct (P. hainanensis comb. nov.), lateral carinae indistinct, medial carina extending to occiput; in lateral view, face obtusely angled forwards, facial carinae between antennal grooves strongly arcuate to obtusely angled, vertex and the upper part of face (above antennal sockets) nearly at the same slope (P. hainanensis comb. nov.) or form a broadly obtuse angle (P. mellerborgi and P. moniliantennatus); longitudinal furrow deep, equal to or narrower than the diameter of an antennal scapus. Antennae inserted slightly below the lower margin of eyes (upper margin of antennal sockets and lower margin of eyes nearly at the same level), 13-segmented (or 14- segmented, because the 3 rd segment is usually separated into two short segments), the 11 th and parts of its adjacent segments generally milky white to yellow; subapical segments (generally from 7 th (8 th) to 10 th) considerably broadened and flattened, ovate (P. mellerborgi) or long elliptical (P. moniliantennatus and P. hainanensis comb. nov.). Eyes approximately as high as the top of vertex and not higher than the anterior margin of pronotum, in frontal view with nearly straight inner margins which are slightly contracted upwards. Superior ocelli situated at lower 1/3���1/4 of the inner margins of eyes. Pronotum. Anterior margin projected more or less forwards, broadly arcuate or obtusely angled in dorsal view; median carina distinct and entire, humeral angles broadly arcuate; posterior angel of lateral lobe extending obliquely, downwards and backwards, apex truncated; ventral sinus and tegminal sinus present. Wings. Fore and hind wings normal (Zha et al., 2016, 2020); hind wings elongated or shortened within the same species, varying with the length of hind pronotal process (detailed in discussion). Legs. Dorsal and ventral margins of fore and mid femora straight or nearly straight; the first segment of hind tarsus approximately as long as the third, apices of three pulvilli obtuse. Justification of taxonomic placement Phaesticus can easily be separated from other genera of the family Tetrigidae by the following characteristics: obtusely angled face in lateral view, extremely short vertex sloping forwards, indistinct lateral carinae of vertex, 13-segmented (not considering the separation of the 3 rd segment) antennae with considerably broadened subapical segments, smooth body surface without humps or wrinkles, developed fore and hind wings, directing downwards lateral pronotal lobes with truncated apices, and the first segment of hind tarsus approximately as long as the third. These typical characteristics are somewhat more similar to Metrodorinae and Tetriginae than to the other five subfamilies in Tetrigidae. Skejo (2017) commented its taxonomic placement in detail and speculated that it might belong to Metrodorinae or Tetriginae. We think it might be an independent branch close to Metrodorinae and Tetriginae. Future molecular phylogenetic evidences are needed to confirm its taxonomic placement. Key to the species of the genus Phaesticus Uvarov, 1940 Fig. 1 1. Subapical antennal segments from eighth to tenth strongly broadened, ovate, and the widest segment about 1.7���2.4 times as long as it is wide. Distributed in Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Singapore, West Malaysia, Thailand, India (Assam, Mizoram), PR China (Yunnan)................................................................. P. mellerborgi (St��l, 1855) -. Subapical antennal segments from seventh to tenth moderately broadened, long elliptical, and the widest segment is about 3.6���4 times as long as wide.................................................................................. 2 2. Vertex wide, 1.5 times as wide as one eye; pronotum roof-like in front of the shoulders while slightly roof-like behind the shoulders, anterior margin broadly arcuate from dorsal view. Distributed in PR China (Hainan)........................................................................................... P. hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. -. Vertex narrow, 0.9���1.3 times as wide as one eye; pronotum lamellate, anterior margin obtusely angled from dorsal view. Distributed in northern Vietnam, PR China (Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Fujian, Hunan).................................................................................................... P. moniliantennatus (G��nther, 1940), Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Skejo, Josip, Mao, Ben-Yong & Ding, Jian-Hua, 2021, Taxonomic revision of Phaesticus Uvarov and synonymy with Flatocerus Liang & Zheng syn. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 501-514 in Zootaxa 4965 (3) on pages 502-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4965.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4754258, {"references":["Uvarov, B. P. (1940) Twenty-four new generic names in Orthoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 6 (31), 112 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745481.1940.9723661","Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 31, 175 - 313.","Blackith, R. E. (1992) Tetrigidae (Insecta: Orthoptera) of South-East Asia: Annotated catalogue with partial translated keys and bibliography. Ashford Co., Ireland: JAPAGA, Rockbottom, 248 pp.","Liang, G. Q. & Zheng, Z. M. (1984) A new genus and a new species of Tetrigidae from Guangdong Province (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 27 (4), 430 - 432. [in Chinese]","Stal, C. (1855) Nya Orthoptera. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 12, 348 - 353.","Zha, L. S., Wen, T. C., Boonmee, S. & Eungwanichayapant, P. D. (2016) Notes on the genus Yunnantettix Zheng (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand. Zootaxa, 4205 (4), 373 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4205.4.6","Skejo, J. (2017) Taxonomic revision of the pygmy devils (Tetrigidae: Discotettiginae) with online social media as a new tool for discovering hidden diversity. Master Dissertation, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 235 pp.","Liang, G. Q. (1988) A new species of the genus Flatocerus from Hainan Island (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 13 (1), 65 - 66. [in Chinese]","Gunther, K. (1940) Die von J. Klapperich, Bonn, in Fokien (Sudostchina) gesammelten Dornschrecken (Orth., Acrididae, Acrydiinae). Decheniana A, 98 (2), 249 - 254."]}

Phaesticus mellerborgi (St��l, 1855) Figs. 2, 3 (Tettix mellerborgi St��l, 1855; Phaestus mellerborgi (St��l, 1855); Lamprauges mellerborgi (St��l, 1855)) = Phaesticus insularis (Hancock, 1907) syn. nov. (Phaestus insularis Hancock, 1907; Lamprauges insularis (Hancock, 1907)) = Phaesticus sumatrensis (Willemse, 1928; synonymized by G��nther (1938)) (Phaestus sumatrensis Willemse, 1928) = Phaesticus carinatus Zheng, 1998 syn. nov. = Phaesticus azemii Mahmood, Idris & Salmah, 2007 syn. nov. = Flatocerus brachynotus Liang, Chen & Chen, 2008 syn. nov. = Phaesticus uvarovi Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2015 syn. nov. Material examined. One male (the brachypterous form, Fig. 3), Yunnan, Yingjiang (Jiemao), 1200 m, 31 July 2015, coll. Ji-Shan Xu; three females (the brachypterous form, Fig. 3), PR China: Yunnan, Ruili, 23��55���N, 97��33���E, 791 m, 1 October 2019, coll. Miao Li; one female (the macropterous form), PR China: Yunnan, L��chun (Pinghe) (type locality of F. brachynotus, Fig. 2), 26 July 2006, coll. Ji-Shan Xu. Notes. Liang et al. (2008) introduced F. brachynotus based on many specimens from Yunnan, PR China (seven males and nine females from L��chun, one female from Puer). The species was described with the following characters: hind pronotal process varies from not reaching knees (some females) to nearly reaching apices of hind femora (males and some females); hind wings vary from not reaching (most females) to slightly surpassing apex of hind process (males and few females). Our collections from Yunnan exactly match the characters of F. brachynotus. Based on the original description and examined specimens, F. brachynotus could roughly be classified into two types: the macropterous form (Fig. 2) and the brachypterous form (Fig. 3). The latter differs from the former mainly by: 1) clearly shortened hind pronotal process and hind wings; and 2) relatively short antennae (5���5.5 mm, shorter than 6.5���7.3 mm of the macropterous form). Flatocerus brachynotus was described from many specimens and differences between its macropterous and brachypterous forms are distinct. The epithet ��� brachynotus ��� explains the shortened pronotum of the brachypterous form. Taking these facts into account and the same locality of the collection (Yunnan), in order not to create taxonomic confusion, we accept the view of Liang et al. (2008) who treated the macropterous and brachypterous forms as a single species. Phaesticus mellerborgi, P. carinatus, F. brachynotus, and P. uvarovi are morphologically very similar; their morphological differences include: 1) vertex slightly narrower, equal to, or slightly wider than eye (0.9���1.1 times, in females generally slightly wider than in males); 2) prozonal carinae and interhumeral carinae invisible, barely visible, or visible; 3) hind pronotal process elongated or shortened (varies from nearly reaching knees of hind femora to reaching the middle of hind tibiae, and in males generally longer than in females); 4) hind wings accordingly longer or shorter than the elongated or shortened hind process, respectively (reaching before or after the apex of hind pronotal process, respectively, and in males generally longer than in females); and 5) ventral margins of fore and mid femora straight or weakly undulated. In contrast, differences among these allied species are mainly related to the lengths of both hind pronotal process and hind wings (Table 1). Geographically, P. mellerborgi, P. carinatus, and F. brachynotus have one shared locality (Yunnan, PR China), and P. uvarovi was recorded in Thailand, which is close to Yunnan. For these reasons, we combine these allied species into one species. Phaesticus azemii was described only based on one male specimen from West Malaysia (Selangor), and the authors also recorded P. insularis at the same locality (Mahmood et al., 2007). According to the original description and drawing, the type specimen of P. azemii is actually a nymph. Skejo (2017) clarified that the records from West Malaysia are all P. mellerborgi, and he considered P. azemii as a synonym of P. mellerborgi; this suggestion was followed in the present study. In his report, the author determined all other records of P. insularis (Java, Sumatra and Malay Peninsula up to south of Thailand) as P. mellerborgi. Phaesticus insularis is very similar to P. mellerborgi, as well. Hancock (1907) introduced the species to separate it from P. mellerborgi only by its more compressed antennae and narrower longitudinal furrow of the facial frontal costa, based on three females from northwestern Kalimantan (= Borneo), and Cigliano et al. (2021) provided online pictures of the specimens (syntypes). For comparison, the two morphological differences are both present within individuals of P. mellerborgi (e.g., Figs. 2 and 3), so it is not logical to separate them into two different species. To avoid unnecessary taxonomic confusion, we synonymized P. insularis with P. mellerborgi. Geographically, P. mellerborgi should have a wide distribution in Kalimantan (Fig. 1); for example, G��nther (1938) also recorded this species in the central part of the island. Distribution (Fig. 1). Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Singapore, West Malaysia, Thailand, India (Assam, Mizoram), and PR China (Yunnan) (Skejo, 2017; the present study). Skejo (2017) summarized some information of Phaesticus (nymphs) from India (Assam, Mizoram). These nymphs are similar to P. mellerborgi (= P. azemii syn. nov.; Mahmood et al., 2007) and P. moniliantennatus (Fig. 4, h). We tentatively identified them as the former., Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Skejo, Josip, Mao, Ben-Yong & Ding, Jian-Hua, 2021, Taxonomic revision of Phaesticus Uvarov and synonymy with Flatocerus Liang & Zheng syn. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 501-514 in Zootaxa 4965 (3) on pages 504-505, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4965.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4754258, {"references":["Stal, C. (1855) Nya Orthoptera. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 12, 348 - 353.","Hancock, J. L. (1907) Orthoptera, Fam. Acridiidae, Subfam. Tetriginae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, 48, pp. 1 - 79.","Willemse, C. (1928) Spolia Mentawiensia: Acrididae (Orthoptera). Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 6 (1), 1 - 12.","Gunther, K. (1938) Revision der Acrydiinae, I, Sectiones Tripetalocerae, Discotettigiae, Lophotettigiae, Cleostratae, Bufonidae, Cladonotae, Scelimenae verae. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 23 (2), 299 - 437.","Zheng, Z. M. (1998) A study of Tetrigoidea from Xishuangbanna (Orthoptera). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 23 (2), 161 - 180. [in Chinese]","Liang, G. Q., Chen, Y. Q. & Chen, Y. L. (2008) A new species of the genus Flatocerus (Orthoptera: Discotettigidae) from Yunnan, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 33 (1), 138 - 140. [in Chinese]","Storozhenko, S. Yu. & Dawwrueng, P. (2015) New and little-known pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 4052 (5), 527 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4052.5.2","Mahmood, K., Idris, A. B. & Salmah. Y. (2007) Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea) from Malaysia with the description of six new species, Acta Entomologica Sinica, 50 (12), 1272 - 1284.","Skejo, J. (2017) Taxonomic revision of the pygmy devils (Tetrigidae: Discotettiginae) with online social media as a new tool for discovering hidden diversity. Master Dissertation, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 235 pp.","Cigliano, M. M., Braun, H., Eades, D. C. & Otte, D. (2021) Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Orthoptera. SpeciesFile. org (accessed 10 January 2021)"]}

Phaesticus hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. Fig. 5 (Flatocerus hainanensis Liang, 1988) Nomenclatural comment. Orthoptera species file (Cigliano et al. 2021) cites ���Liang & Zheng��� as the authors of the species. However, only Liang authored the description of P. hainanensis comb. nov. (Liang, 1988). Material examined. Two males and two females, PR China: Hainan, Wuzhishan (Wuzhishan Mountain), 18��52���32.3������N, 109��40���3.6������E, 640 m, 16 September 2018, collected by Ling-Sheng Zha. Description. Male. General appearance. Body slender and tapered, size small, brown to dark brown, surface smooth, but covered with numerous fine granules. Antennae dark brown, but the basal part of the 7 th and most part of the 10 th and 11 th segments yellow; hind wings black; surfaces of pronotum (especially between sulci) and all femora often maculated with yellowish brown and obscure spots; ventral external area of hind femur black, spots on tibiae inconspicuous. Head. Vertex and occiput clearly separated by a ridge (posterior margin of fossulae). Vertex extremely short, only restricted between anterior and posterior margins of fossulae which are shallow but conspicuous; anterior margin low and narrowest, nearly straight, 1.5 times as wide as one eye, and reaching the middle of inner margins of eyes in dorsal view; medial carina extending to the occiput but very indistinct, lateral carinae also indistinct. In lateral view, face obtusely angled forwards, vertex and upper part of the face (above antennal sockets) nearly at the same slope (in P. mellerborgi and P. moniliantennatus, medial carina and frontal costa distinct and forming an obtuse angle); frontal costa indistinct, facial carinae between antennal grooves strongly arcuate forwards. In frontal view, facial carinae diverge above lateral ocelli (at the middle of the inner margins of eyes), then parallel downwards; longitudinal furrow deep, nearly as wide as the diameter of antennal scapus. Antennae inserted slightly below lower margin of the eyes (upper margin of antennal sockets and the lower margin of eyes nearly at the same level), 13-segmented (or 14-segmented, because the 3 rd segment is usually separated into two short segments), 9 th segment widest and about 3.7 times as long as it is wide; segments from 3 rd to 6 th gradually slightly broadened and flattened, from 7 th to 10 th (long and elliptical) considerably broadened and flattened, the 11 th slightly flattened, and the last two very short and not flattened. Eyes exserted, almost as high as the top of vertex and the anterior margin of pronotum, in lateral view globose, in dorsal view with angled inner margins; in frontal view ovate, with nearly straight inner margins that are a little contracted upwards. Superior ocelli situated at the lower quarter of the inner margins of eyes. Pronotum. Pronotum clearly roof-like before shoulders, and less roof-like behind shoulders; anterior margin broadly arcuate forwards from dorsal view, behind shoulders slightly depressed on both sides of median carina; median carina distinct, erect, and entire, in lateral view low arcuate before shoulders and straight behind shoulders. Prozonal carinae visible, short, and strongly contracted backwards; humeral angles broadly arcuate; hind process tapered, reaches variably from base to 2/3 of hind tibiae, apex truncated; posterior angel of lateral lobe extending obliquely, downwards, and backwards, apex truncated; ventral and tegminal sinuses presented. Wings. Visible part of tegmen long, ovate, and distinctly narrower than mid femur; hind wings very developed, more or less surpassing the apex of hind pronotal process (1���1.8 mm). Legs. Dorsal and ventral margins of fore and mid femora straight and finely serrated; hind femur approximately 2.7 times as long as it is wide, dorsal and ventral margins finely serrated, and serrations on the posterior part of dorsal margin conspicuous; antegenicular tooth relatively low and apex acutely angled, genicular tooth acute; outer/ inner side of hind tibia with 6/6���8 spines; first segment of hind tarsus slightly shorter than the third; three pulvilli nearly equal in length and with obtuse apices. Abdomen. Subgenital plate short cone-shaped, apex bifurcate and forms two short and tapered teeth. Females and the differences from males. Body size slightly larger than that of male. Hind pronotal process shortened, only reaches the apices of hind femora; hind wings slightly surpass the apex of hind process (about 0.5 mm). Ovipositor long and narrow, about four times as long as it is wide, dorsal margin of upper valve and ventral margin of lower valve armed with saw-like teeth. Posterior margin of subgenital plate nearly truncated, with an acutely triangular protrusion in the middle, which is slightly folded inwards. Other characters same as those in male. Measurements (in mm). Length of body: male 8.7���10.0, female 11.0���12.0; length of pronotum: male 9.9���12.0, female 9.0���10.0; length of hind femur: male 5.4���5.9, female 5.6���6.0; width of pronotum between humeral angles: male 3.0���3.1, female 3.1���3.2; length of antennae: male and female 6 mm. Distribution (Fig. 1). PR China (Hainan). Ecology and habits. Individuals of P. hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. were collected and observed in a bamboo forest (Fig. 6 c, d) and on the edge of roads in humid tropical rainforests. They dwell on layers of fallen leaves or among sparse shrubs, and are able to quickly jump into dense shrubs when disturbed. They mainly feed on humus. Notes. Phaesticus hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. was described only based on one female specimen from Hainan (Liang, 1988; Liang & Zheng, 1998). We redescribed the species because 1) lengths of hind pronotal process and hind wings vary among individuals, and 2) some important characters were previously inaccurately described. According to the original description and our specimens, anterior margin of its pronotum is ���broadly arcuate���, which was imprecisely recorded as ���nearly straight��� in some Flatocerus species keys (Liang et al., 2008; Zheng et al., 2011a, b; Deng, 2016). Besides, the antennae of Phaesticus are all 13-segmented (or 14-segmented due to the third segment being separated into two short segments), instead of 12-segmented, which was commonly recorded in generic characteristics and related species descriptions (Liang & Zheng, 1984, 1998; Liang, 1988; Zheng, 2005; Deng, 2016)., Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Skejo, Josip, Mao, Ben-Yong & Ding, Jian-Hua, 2021, Taxonomic revision of Phaesticus Uvarov and synonymy with Flatocerus Liang & Zheng syn. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 501-514 in Zootaxa 4965 (3) on pages 509-511, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4965.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4754258, {"references":["Liang, G. Q. (1988) A new species of the genus Flatocerus from Hainan Island (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 13 (1), 65 - 66. [in Chinese]","Cigliano, M. M., Braun, H., Eades, D. C. & Otte, D. (2021) Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Orthoptera. SpeciesFile. org (accessed 10 January 2021)","Liang, G. Q & Zheng, Z. M. (1998) Fauna Sinica, Insecta. Vol. 12, Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea. Science Press, Beijing, 278 pp.","Liang, G. Q., Chen, Y. Q. & Chen, Y. L. (2008) A new species of the genus Flatocerus (Orthoptera: Discotettigidae) from Yunnan, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 33 (1), 138 - 140. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M., Bai, Y. & Xu, S. Q. (2011 a) A new species of the genus Flatocerus Liang et Zheng from Guangdong in China (Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea, Discotettigidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 36 (3), 536 - 538.","Deng, W. A. (2016) Taxonomic study of Tetrigoidea from China. Doctor Dissertation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 339 pp.","Liang, G. Q. & Zheng, Z. M. (1984) A new genus and a new species of Tetrigidae from Guangdong Province (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 27 (4), 430 - 432. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M. (2005) Fauna of Tetrigoidea from Western China. Science Press, Beijing, 501 pp. [in Chinese]"]}

Lamellitettigodes diversifemoris Lu & Zha sp. n. Figs. 1-2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C4D1F7B9-00B2-4979-B45E-F271A2F860AB Material examined. Holotype���female, PR China: Hainan Province /Island, Ledong County, Jianfengling National Forest Park, 18��44���10.07������N, 108��52���6.86������E, 830 m, 12 September 2018, coll. Yongzhong Lu and Lingsheng Zha. Paratypes: 2 males and 2 females, 750-850 m, 11-13 September 2018, other data same as holotype. Description. Female. General appearance. Body slender (relatively bulky for Lamellitettigodes) and size moderate, surface relatively smooth, but with numerous fine granules. Body grayish brown to dark brown, generally maculated with many yellowish brown spots; antennae brown and color of terminal segments darker; pronotum behind shoulders generally has a pair of large, black and conspicuous spots; hind wings grayish brown; spots on fore and mid femora indistinct, hind femur often has a very large yellowish brown spot, fore and mid tibiae have three yellowish brown rings each, hind tibia mainly brown and the rings indistinct. Head. Vertex slightly lower than anterior margin of pronotum, gradually and slightly narrowing forwards, equal to one eye in width; anterior margin straight, finely serrated, slightly surpasses the level of anterior margin of eyes, anterior part a little higher than posterior part; lateral carinae conspicuous, horn-like upwards and a little higher than the top of eyes, in dorsal view and in frontal view are both L-shape; medial carina clear, erect and straight, nearly extends to occiput, much lower than lateral carinae; fossulae deep and elongate, nearly extends to the end of medial carina. In lateral view face slightly oblique; medial carina together with frontal costa nearly right angled which is clearly visible before eyes; fascial carinae nearly straight above superior ocelli and then broadly and weakly arcuate forwards between antennal grooves, margin of fascial carinae slightly finely serrated. In frontal view, bifurcation of frontal costa located at the middle of between anterior margin of vertex and upper margin of superior ocelli; superior ocelli small, distance between anterior margin of vertex and upper margin of superior ocelli two times as long as one superior ocellus; longitudinal furrow deep and narrow, long triangular, between grooves 0.8 time as wide as the diameter of scapus. Antenna filiform and thin, 16-segmented, inserted between the lower margin of eyes, the 9 th segment longest and about 9 times as long as wide, terminal two segments very short (15-segmented and the 8 th segment longest in males). Eyes globose, slightly higher than the anterior margin of pronotum, elevated indistinctly; superior ocelli placed at the middle of the inner margins of eyes. Pronotum. Pronotum compressed in the anterior part (before the end of tegmina), while the posterior part stands on nearly the same level. Anterior margin obtusely angled forwards, between shoulders slightly uplifted while behind shoulders a little concave. Prozonal carinae erect, low, slightly shortened and slightly contracted backwards, extralateral carinae straight and lower, both nearly but not reach anterior sulcus; median carina conspicuous, erect and entire, lamellate before the end of tegmina and then gradually lowering backwards; humero-apical carina and lateral carina slightly erect and with finely serrated margins. In lateral view, upper margin before the end of tegmina wholly arcuate, highest at the level of posterior sulcus, the posterior part nearly straight. Humeral angles obtusely angled; hind process elongate and wedged, reaches about the middle of hind tibiae, apex nearly truncated. Posterior angle of lateral lobe of pronotum extending obliquely, backwards and downwards, anterior margin finely serrated, apex rounded and a little folded outward; ventral sinus and tegminal sinus conspicuous, both nearly right angled. Wings. Visible part of tegmen long and oval, slightly wider than mid femur, apex rounded; hind wing extremely developed, surpasses hind pronotal process about 2.5 mm. Legs. Dorsal and ventral margins of all femora finely serrated, dorsal and ventral margins of fore and mid femora nearly straight (a little undulated which are all indistinct), ventral margins of fore and mid femora have sparse white hairs; mid femur compressed indistinct, basal part a little wider than terminal part; hind femur 3 times as long as wide, ventral margin entire, dorsal margin before antegenicular tooth has a small tooth which is very indistinct, antegenicular tooth and genicular tooth a little sharp. Hind tibia has finely serrated inner margins, terminal part slightly wider than basal part, outer/inner side has 5-8 spines; the first segment of hind tarsus 1.3 times longer than the third, the third pulvillus longest while the first shortest, all apices sharp. Abdomen. Ovipositor: upper valva wide and short, about 2.4 times as long as wide (not including the length of the stipe, same as below), widest at the basal one-third; outer margins of upper and lower valvae has small, obtuse and saw-like teeth. Subgenital plate: its width slightly longer its length, medial carina entire, posterior margin truncated and, in the middle, has an acutely triangular protrusion. Male. Slightly thinner and smaller than female. Mid femur clearly wider than the visible part of tegmen, and basal part wider and thicker than terminal part. Subgenital plate short cone-shape, apex obliquely truncated and bifurcate. Other characters same as female. Measurements (in mm). Length of body: male 6.7-6.8, female 9-9.5; length of pronotum: male 9.5-9.8, female 9.8-10.2; length of hind femur: male 4.8-5, female 5-5.4; length of antenna: male 3.8-4, female 4.2-4.5. Distribution. PR China (Hainan Province). Diagnosis. Lamellitettigodes diversifemoris sp. n. is similar to L. cultratus (Bol��var, 1898) from New Guinea, Biak, and the Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain and New Ireland) (Tumbrinck, 2019), but the latter: antennae much shorter, only 1.3 times as long as fore femur; prozonal carinae strongly contracted backwards; and hind pronotal process much longer, surpasses apices of hind tibiae. Etymology. The specific epithet ��� diversifemoris ��� is derived from the combination of two Latin words in genitive case, (1) adjective diversus, diversa, diversum (different) and (2) noun femur, femoris (femur), pointing to the mid femora which are distinctly different in male and female. Notes. The new species is also similar to Euparatettix bimaculatus Zheng, 1993 which is widely distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guizhou, Guangxi and Hainan, PR China, but the latter has lower lateral carinae of vertex, truncated anterior margin of pronotum, and narrow upper valva of female ovipositor (3-3.5 times as long as wide) (Zheng, 1993; 2005). The description and drawings of Eu. bimaculatus (Zheng, 1993; 2005) match the character of Lamellitettigodes; together with its similarity to L. diversifemoris sp. n., herein we transfer it to Lamellitettigodes. Thus, Lamellitettigodes bimaculatus (Zheng, 1993) comb. nov. becomes a new combination of Euparatettix bimaculatus Zheng, 1993., Published as part of Lu, Yong-Zhong & Zha, Ling-Sheng, 2020, A new species of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from PR China, with taxonomic notes on the genus, pp. 338-348 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on pages 340-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4407750, {"references":["Bolivar, I. (1898) Contribution a l'etude des Acridiens especes de la faune indo et austro-malaisienne du Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, Series 2, 19, 66 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9541","Tumbrinck, J. (2019) Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with description of two new species and additional notes on Lamellitettix, Probolotettix, and Scelimena. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 28 (2), 167 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jor. 28.34605","Zheng, Z. M. (1993) Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea. In: Huang, C. M. (Ed.), Animals of Longqi Mountain. China Forestry Press, Beijing, pp. 71 - 83. [in Chinese with English summary]","Zheng, Z. M. (2005) Fauna of Tetrigoidea from Western China. Science Press, Beijing, 501 pp. [in Chinese with English summary]"]}

Lamellitettigodes sagittatus (Bol��var, 1887) Figs. 3-4 (= Paratettix sagittatus Bol��var, 1887; Xistra sagittata (Bol��var, 1887); Euparatettix sagittatus (Bol��var, 1887)) = Euparatettix pulvillus Hancock, 1910 = Tetrix polypictus Hancock, 1913 (= Acrydium polypictum (Hancock, 1913)) = Euparatettix tuberifemora Deng, Zheng & Wei, 2009, syn. nov. Material examined. 4 males and 1 female, PR China: Hainan Province /Island, Baoting County, Diaoluoshan National Forest Park, 18��40���00.14������N, 109��36���42.70������E, 600 m, 18 September 2018, coll. Yongzhong Lu and Lingsheng Zha. 1 male, PR China: Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, Menglun, about 700 m, 13 November 2018, coll. Lingsheng Zha. Redescription. Female. General appearance. Body very thin, slender, size moderate, surface relatively smooth but covered with numerous fine granules. Body grayish brown to dark brown, generally maculated with many yellowish brown spots; antennae brown, color of terminal segments darker, and color of junctions of two adjacent segments light; pronotum behind shoulders has a pair of large, black and conspicuous spots; hind wings dark brown; all femora have three dim rings each, fore and mid tibiae have three yellowish brown rings each, hind tibia has two long and yellowish brown rings. Head. Vertex distinctly higher than anterior margin of pronotum, gradually and slightly narrowing forwards, and as wide as one eye; anterior margin straight and finely serrated, reaches the level of anterior margin of eyes, and as high as vertex; lateral carinae conspicuous, horn-like upwards but slightly lower than the top of eyes, in dorsal view and in frontal view are both L-shaped; medial carina clear, erect and straight, nearly extends to occiput, much lower than lateral carinae; fossulae deep and elongate, nearly extends to the end of medial carina (or posterior 2/3 of inner margins of eyes). In lateral view face oblique; medial carina together with frontal costa nearly right angled which is clearly visible before eyes; fascial carinae concave slightly above superior ocelli and broadly arcuate forwards between antennal grooves, margin of fascial carinae slightly finely serrated. In frontal view, bifurcation of frontal costa located at upper one-third of between anterior margin of vertex and upper margin of superior ocelli; superior ocelli large, distance between anterior margin of vertex and upper margin of superior ocelli equal to the length of one upper ocellus; longitudinal furrow deep and very narrow, long triangular, between grooves only 0.6 time as wide as the diameter of scapus. Antenna filiform and very thin, 16-segmented, inserted between the lower margin of eyes, the 9 th segment longest and about 10 times as long as wide, terminal two segments very short (15- segmented and the 8 th segment longest in males). Eyes globose and strongly elevated, much higher than, but not above the anterior margin of pronotum; superior ocelli placed at the middle of the inner margins of eyes. Pronotum. Pronotum elongate, upper surface nearly at the same level. Anterior margin truncated and slightly elevated, between shoulders slightly uplifted and behind shoulders a little concave. Prozonal carinae distinct, erect and parallel, extending to anterior sulcus; extralateral carinae distinct, erect and auricular, extending to anterior sulcus as well; median carina conspicuous, erect and entire, the anterior half a little lamellate; humero-apical carina and lateral carina slightly erect and with finely serrated margins. In lateral view, upper margin before the end of tegmina slightly undulated, the posterior part nearly straight. Humeral angles obtusely angled; hind process elongate and wedged, nearly reaches the apices of hind tibiae, apex nearly truncated. Posterior angle of the lateral lobe of pronotum extending obliquely, backwards and downwards, anterior margin finely serrated, apex sharply rounded and a little folded outward; ventral sinus and tegminal sinus conspicuous, both nearly right angled. Wings. Visible part of tegmen oval, nearly as wide as mid femur, apex broadly rounded; hind wing developed, surpasses hind pronotal process 1.25 mm. Legs. Dorsal and ventral margins of fore and mid femora finely serrated and weakly undulated; mid femur somewhat compressed, basal part slightly narrower than terminal part; hind femur 3.1 times as long as wide, dorsal and ventral margins finely serrated in anterior parts while more roughly serrated in posterior parts, ventral margin entire, dorsal margin before antegenicular tooth has a low, long and obtuse tooth, median external area has two conspicuous teeth which are short and tapered, antegenicular tooth and genicular tooth a little sharp. Hind tibia has finely serrated inner margins, terminal part slightly wider than basal part, outer/inner side has 7-8 spines (5-8 in males); the first segment of hind tarsus slightly longer than the third (1.2 times), the third pulvillus longest while the first shortest, all apices sharp. Abdomen. Ovipositor: upper valva wide and short, 2.2 times as long as wide, widest in the middle; outer margins of upper and lower valvae armed with small, obtuse and saw-like teeth, but the basal half of upper valva smooth. Subgenital plate: its width clearly longer its length, medial carina clear and entire, posterior margin in the middle gradually extending backwards which forms an acutely triangular protrusion. Male. Slightly thinner and smaller than female. Mid femur nearly as wide as that of female, but basal part slightly wider and thicker than terminal part. Subgenital plate short cone-shape, apex obliquely truncated and bifurcate. Other characters same as female. Measurements (in mm). Length of body: male 6.8-7.1, female 9.5; length of pronotum: male 10-10.5, female 12; length of hind femur: male 4.6-4.9, female 5.5; length of antenna: male 4.2-4.5, female 5. Distribution. Widely distributed in Southeast Asia, including southern PR China (Yunnan and Hainan), Vietnam, Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and adjacent islands (Enggano and Mentawai), Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Moluccas islands, New Guinea (with adjacent islands Aru and Waigeo) and Timor (Tumbrinck, 2019; this study). Notes. We re-describe L. sagittatus for two reasons: 1), previous descriptions are either not quite clear or lack of photographs; 2), as a widely distributed species it should be widely distributed in southern PR China, but in PR China it had probably been identified or described as several other species, so we want to emphasize the main characters once again. Lamellitettigodes sagittatus is similar to L. contractus, but the placement and size of superior ocelli, and the placement of bifurcation of frontal costa are both distinctly different between the two species (Tumbrinck, 2019; also see the key). L. sagittatus is also similar to L. karwinkeli which was reported from Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture (Yunnan, PR China) as well, but the latter (description based on a female only) has: larger body size (pronotum 15 mm long), distinctly undulated anterior part of the median carina of pronotum, broadly rounded apices of the lateral lobes, slender and not compressed mid femur, as well as the first segment of hind tarsus slightly shorter than the third (Tumbrinck, 2019). L. sagittatus from Yunnan has minor morphological variations, including: anterior margin of pronotum is a little arcuate forwards, and prozonal carinae are slightly contracted backwards, but these variations are both indistinct and we regard them interspecific. According to Tumbrinck (2019), specimens of L. sagittatus have variable coloration and slightly variable sizes, specimens from New Guinea have in frontal view slightly lower lateral carinae of vertex, other characters are all the same. Zheng et al. (2011) reported L. sagittatus to be distributed in Taiwan, PR China (we have however not examined the original record), but its hind wings only reaches the middle of hind tibiae, so this record cannot be confirmed. Deng et al. (2009) described Eu. tuberifemora based on many specimens also from Diaoluoshan National Forest Park (Baoting and Qiongzhong Counties, Hainan, PR China); its description and drawings exactly match the characters of L. sagittatus. Evidences from morphology and geography are both supportive of the two species to be conspecific, so we herein synonymize Eu. tuberifemora Deng, Zheng & Wei, 2009 syn. nov. with L. sagittatus., Published as part of Lu, Yong-Zhong & Zha, Ling-Sheng, 2020, A new species of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from PR China, with taxonomic notes on the genus, pp. 338-348 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on pages 342-345, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4407750, {"references":["Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 31, 175 - 313.","Hancock, J. L. (1910) Third paper on the Tetriginae (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 1910, 346 - 365. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1910. tb 01173. x","Hancock, J. L. (1913) Studies of Tetriginae (Acrydiinae) from the Sarawak Museum, Borneo. Sarawak Museum Journal, 1, 39 - 54.","Deng, W. A., Zheng, Z. M. & Wei, S. Z. (2009) One new species of the genus Euparatettix Hancock (Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea, Tetrigidae) from Hainan, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 34 (1), 35 - 37.","Tumbrinck, J. (2019) Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with description of two new species and additional notes on Lamellitettix, Probolotettix, and Scelimena. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 28 (2), 167 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jor. 28.34605","Zheng, Z. M., Zeng, H. H. & Ou, X. H. (2011) A review of the genus Euparatettix Hancock (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae) from China with descriptions of two new species. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 36, 383 - 391. [in Chinese with English summary]"]}

Genus Lamellitettigodes G��nther, 1939 Types species: Lamellitettigodes contractus (Bol��var, 1887) (= Paratettix contractus Bol��var, 1887; Tetrix contractus (Bol��var, 1887)) = Xistra tricristata Bol��var, 1898 (= Paratettix tricristatus (Bol��var, 1898); Lamellitettigodes contractus tricristatus (Bol��var, 1898); Lamellitettigodes tricristatus (Bol��var, 1898)) = Xistra tricristata var. sumatrana Bol��var, 1898 (= Xistra tricristata sumatrana (Bol��var, 1898); Xistra sumatrana (Bol��var, 1898); Xistra tricristata sumatrensis (Bol��var, 1898); Lamellitettigodes sumatrana (Bol��var, 1898)) = Tetrix cuspidata Hancock, 1907 (= Tetrix cuspidatus (Hancock, 1907), Acrydium cuspidate (Hancock, 1907)) = Probolotettix corticolus Blackith & Blackith, 1987 Key to species of the genus Lamellitettigodes G��nther, 1939 (annotated key from Tumbrinck, 2019) 1. Frontal part of the median carina of pronotum (before the end of tegmen) clearly elevated and compressed.............. 2 ��� Frontal part of the median carina of pronotum (before the end of tegmen) lower, it may be a little bit lamellate........... 4 2. Antennae short, only 1.3 times as long as fore femur; prozonal carinae strongly contracted backwards; hind pronotal process surpasses apices of hind tibiae. Distribution: New Guinea, Biak, and the Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain and New Ireland).......................................................................... L. cultratus (Bol��var, 1898) ��� Antennae long, about 2 times as long as fore femur; prozonal carinae slightly contracted backwards; hind pronotal process reaches about the middle of hind tibiae.................................................................... 3 3. Lateral carinae of vertex lower than the top of eyes; anterior margin of pronotum truncated. Distribution: PR China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Guizhou, Guangxi and Hainan)................................... L. bimaculatus (Zheng, 1993) comb. nov. ��� Lateral carinae of vertex higher than the top of eyes; anterior margin of pronotum obtusely angled forwards. Distribution: PR China (Hainan).................................................................... L. diversifemoris sp. n. 4. In frontal view, distance between the anterior margin of vertex and the upper margin of superior ocelli equal to or shorter than the length of one superior ocellus; bifurcation of frontal costa located above the middle of the distance................. 5 ��� In frontal view, distance between anterior margin of vertex and upper margin of superior ocelli longer than the length of one superior ocellus; bifurcation of frontal costa located at, or below the middle of the distance.......................... 8 5. In lateral view, median carina of pronotum before the end of tegmen weakly undulated, weakly arcuate or nearly straight.. 6 ��� In lateral view, median carina of pronotum before the end of tegmen clearly undulated.............................. 7 6. Median carina of pronotum before the end of tegmen wholly lower arcuate in lateral view; posterior pronotal process only reaches one-third of hind tibiae. Distribution: the Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand?.......... L. signatus (Bol��var, 1887) ��� Median carina of pronotum before the end of tegmen weakly undulated in lateral view; posterior pronotal process nearly reaches apices of hind tibiae. Distribution: widely distributed in Southeast Asia, including southern PR China (Yunnan and Hainan), Vietnam, Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and adjacent islands (Enggano, Mentawai), Java, Borneo, the Philippines, Moluccas islands, New Guinea (with adjacent islands Aru, Waigeo) and Timor.............. L. sagittatus (Bol��var, 1887), Published as part of Lu, Yong-Zhong & Zha, Ling-Sheng, 2020, A new species of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from PR China, with taxonomic notes on the genus, pp. 338-348 in Zootaxa 4851 (2) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4851.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4407750, {"references":["Gunther, K. (1939) Revision der Acrydiinae (Orthoptera), III, Sectio Amorphopi (Metrodorae Bol. 1887, aut.). Abhandlungen und Berichte aus den Staatlichen Museen fur Tierkunde und Volkerkunde in Dresden (Ser. A: Zool.), 20 (N. F. Bd. 1), 16 - 335.","Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 31, 175 - 313.","Bolivar, I. (1898) Contribution a l'etude des Acridiens especes de la faune indo et austro-malaisienne du Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, Series 2, 19, 66 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9541","Hancock, J. L. (1907) Studies of the Tetriginae (Orthoptera) in the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 1907, 213 - 244.","Blackith, R. E. & Blackith, R. M. (1987) Tridactylids and Tetrigids (Orthoptera) from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 130, 1 - 10.","Tumbrinck, J. (2019) Taxonomic and biogeographic revision of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with description of two new species and additional notes on Lamellitettix, Probolotettix, and Scelimena. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 28 (2), 167 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jor. 28.34605","Zheng, Z. M. (1993) Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea. In: Huang, C. M. (Ed.), Animals of Longqi Mountain. China Forestry Press, Beijing, pp. 71 - 83. [in Chinese with English summary]"]}

Acrylamide has been studied for its carcinogenicity in experimental animals, causing tumors at several organ sites, and has been considered probably carcinogenic to humans as well. Given the small number of epidemiological studies that have been conducted, it is still uncertain whether the consumption of acrylamide is associated with liver cancer. Therefore, we investigated a study to determine the possible relationship between acrylamide intake and the risk of developing liver cancer in the Japanese population. A total of 85,305 participants, from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study, who provided a validated food-frequency questionnaire were enrolled between 1995 and 1998. During a median of 16.0 years follow-up, 744 new liver cancer cases were identified. Compared to the lowest tertile of acrylamide consumption (&lt, 4.8 µg/day), the multivariate hazard ratio (HR) for the highest tertile (≥7.6 µg/day) was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.65–0.95) for liver cancer using multivariable model 1, adjusted for smoking status, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, medical history, and alcohol consumption, whereas the inverse relationship disappeared after additionally adjusting for coffee consumption in multivariable model 2 with HR of 1.08 (95% CI = 0.87–1.34) for the highest tertile. The effect of dietary acrylamide intake on the risk of liver cancer was not observed in the Japanese population.

Zha, Ling-Sheng, Wen, Ting-Chi, Huang, Shi-Ke, Boonmee, Saranyaphat, Eungwanichayapant, Prapassorn D. (2019): Taxonomy and biology of Cordyceps qingchengensis sp. nov. and its allies. Phytotaxa 416 (1): 14-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.416.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.416.1.2