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In order to obtain the energy consumption and efficiency data of simple lifts, energy transfer was studied under different working conditions. Comparative testing scheme of energy efficiency was established according to the actual situation. Among energy supply, effective nominal value and the nominal value of energy efficiency, the nominal value of energy efficiency was shose as the index to evaluate the simple lift energy consumption level. Three-phase power quality analyzer was adopted to test the energy efficiency of two different type simple lifts with same parameters. The measured values of energy supply, available energy, energy efficiency and active power were comparative analyzed with the theoretical values, under different working conditions. Finally, test results and analysis show that since there is an energy feedback loop during the falling process for the forced type simple lift, the overall traction type simple lift is more energy-saving. Also, the test results provide the foundation for energy consumption of simple lifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Oxytocin (OXT), a nonapeptide hormone of posterior pituitary, reaches the central nervous system from systemic blood circulation with a difficulty because of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The interest has been expressed in the use of the nasal route for delivery of OXT to the brain directly, exploiting the olfactory pathway. Our previous study has demonstrated that OXT in the central nervous system rather than the blood circulation plays an important role in rat pain modulation. The communication tried to investigate the interaction between the OXT and pain modulation in Chinese patients with headache to understand the OXT effect on human pain modulation. The results showed that (1) intranasal OXT could relieve the human headache in a dose-dependent manner; (2) OXT concentration in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) increased significantly in headache patients in relation with the pain level; and (3) there was a positive relationship between plasma and CSF OXT concentration in headache patients. The data suggested that intranasal OXT, which was delivered to the central nervous system through olfactory region, could treat human headache and OXT might be a potential drug of headache relief by intranasal administration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

By using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model, this paper simulated the surface runoff intensity and the export loadings of sediment particulates and nutrients via non-point source hydrological pathway in Tiaoxi watershed, and integrated with the simulation results, analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of non-point source pollution in the watershed in 2008. In the study area, the per unit area non-point source pollution was stronger in northern region than in southern region and in eastern region than in western region, and the weakest in central region. Among the land utilization types, farmland had the biggest contribution to the sediment loading. There were significantly positive correlations between the loadings of surface runoff and associated sediment particulates and the rainfall intensity. The export loadings of nutrients through surface runoff were higher in rainy season (from June to September) than in dry season (from December to next March), and there existed significant correlations between the surface runoff loadings of sediment particulates, organic nitrogen, and nitrate and the average gradient of lands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although doxorubicin [adriamycin (ADM)] ototoxicity has not been detected to date, it has been reported that neurotoxicity in the central nervous system was induced by chemotherapy with ADM in patients receiving chronic cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment. ADM ototoxicity may be induced by combination therapy with CsA because extrusion of ADM from the inner ear by p-glycoprotein (p-gp), which acts as an extrusion pump and is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells of capillary blood vessels, might be inhibited by CsA, resulting in significant accumulation of ADM in the inner ear. ADM (10 mg kg) was administered to FVB mice either with or without CsA (200 mg kg). Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded before and after treatment. ABR changes were not observed in mice treated with either ADM or CsA alone. Threshold elevation, elongation of wave I-V latencies and interpeak latencies of waves I-II, I-III, I-IV and I-V were detected in mice treated with ADM in combination with CsA. These changes reached their peak values 3 weeks after treatment, and then recovered to pre-treatment levels. In normal mice, ADM is extruded by p-gp from the inner ear and auditory pathway, thus preventing hearing disorder. However, ADM ototoxicity was induced by combination therapy with CsA, indicating that CsA has an inhibitory action on p-gp function in the auditory pathway, including the inner ear. After organ transplantation, therefore, clinical administration of ADM in combination with CsA should be performed with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the expression and function of mdr1a p-glycoprotein in peripheral nerves, including the VIIth and VIIIth nerves, using mdr1a p-glycoprotein gene knockout mice [mdr1a(-/-) mice] and wild-type mdr1a(+/+) mice. P-glycoprotein expression in capillary endothelial cells of the peripheral nerve tissues was detected by immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analyses in mdr1a(+/+) mice but not in mdr1a(-/-) mice. Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated that, compared to mdr1a(+/+) mice, mdr1a(-/-) mice showed a significantly higher accumulation of p-glycoprotein substrate drugs such as vinblastine and doxorubicin, which are neurotoxic. Tissue concentrations of vinblastine and doxorubicin were lower in the order of the brain, peripheral nerves and most other organs. However, increased accumulation was not detected after administering another neurotoxic drug, cisplatin, indicating that p-glycoprotein is selective at extruding drugs. These data indicate that mdr1a p-glycoprotein, which acts as an efflux pump, might play an important role in the blood-nerve barrier to prevent side effects induced by neurotoxic p-glycoprotein substrate drugs. The participation of p-glycoprotein in the blood-nerve barrier is considered to represent a new functional mechanism of this barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]