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OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of nutritional status on 90-day functional outcomes of stroke patients with acute large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation after endovascular treatment (EVT). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the baseline, laboratory, surgical and 90-day follow-up data of patients with stroke resulting from acute large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation, who underwent emergency endovascular treatment in our hospital from July, 2015 to December, 2020. A favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale score ≤2 at 90 days. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between nutritional status and 90-day functional outcomes of the patients. RESULTS: A total of 459 patients (mean age of 68.29±11.21 years, including 260 males) were enrolled in this study. According to their prognostic nutritional index (PNI), the patients were divided into normal nutrition group (392 cases, 85.4%), moderate malnutrition group (44 cases, 9.6%), and severe malnutrition group (23 cases, 5.0%). Univariate analysis showed that the patients with good clinical outcomes had a lower proportion of malnutrition with a younger age, a lower rate of diabetes, lower baseline blood pressure, lower baseline NIHSS score, higher baseline ASPECT score, and higher rates of good collateral circulation and complete vascular recanalization. Multivariate analysis showed that in addition to age, diabetes, baseline systolic blood pressure, successful recanalization, baseline ASPECT score, baseline NIHSS score and collateral circulation, a greater PNI was a protective factor for a good 90-day outcome of patients after EVT (moderate vs severe: OR=0.245, 95% CI: 0.066-0.908, P=0.035; normal vs severe: OR=0.185, 95% CI: 0.059-0.581, P=0.004). CONCLUSION: Nutritional status an important factor affecting the 90-day outcomes after EVT of stroke patients with acute large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation.

Background The Surgical Treatment of Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial demonstrated that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) provides additional survival benefits to patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, it remains unclear whether this benefit is affected by preoperative right ventricular (RV) function and how post-therapeutic evolution of RV function influences long-term outcomes. Purpose We sought to investigate the implications of baseline RV function on therapeutic decision-making in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, and to evaluate the prognostic implications of post-therapeutic evolution of RV function. Methods Patients with available baseline echocardiographic RV function assessed by experienced Echocardiography Core Laboratory physicians were included from the hypothesis 1 of the STICH trial. The primary outcome was long-term all-cause mortality. Results A total of 1042 patients were included, among them 757 (72.7%) had normal RV function, 143 (13.7%) mild right ventricular dysfunction (RVD), and 142 (13.6%) moderate to severe RVD. After a median follow-up of 9.8 years, patients with RVD had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with patients with normal RV function [mild RVD: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.64; moderate to severe RVD: aHR, 1.74; 95% CI 1.39–2.18]. Although no significant interaction was detected between RVD degree and treatment allocation (P for interaction = 0.399), a gradually decreasing survival benefit associated with CABG was observed among patients with normal RV function (aHR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.65–0.96), mild RVD (aHR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.56–1.29), and moderate to severe RVD (aHR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.67–1.43). Among 746 patients with available RV function assessed at baseline and post-therapeutic 4-month follow-up, there was a gradient of increasing risk for all-cause mortality across patients with consistent normal RV function, recovery of RVD (aHR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.88–1.64), newly developed RVD (aHR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.18–2.14), and consistent RVD (aHR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.60–2.67). Independent predictors of RVD recovery included baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (per 1-percent increment, adjusted odds ratio: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00–1.09) and mitral regurgitation ≥ grade 2 (adjusted odds ratio: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.21–0.84). Conclusions Baseline RVD was associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, and adding CABG to medical therapy might provide limited survival benefits in patients with moderate to severe RVD. A gradient of increasing risk for mortality was observed across different categories of RV function evolution, which emphasizes the necessity of pre- and post-therapeutic RV assessment for prognostic evaluation. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Background The relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) control and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. It has been previously reported that either too high or too low SBP may lead to a poorer prognosis. But current SBP control metrics may not take into account the possible effects of fluctuating SBP overtime on patients. Purpose This study aimed to estimate the association between time in range (TIR) of SBP and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Methods This study was a post-hoc analysis of The Surgical Treatment of Ischaemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial, a randomized controlled trial with two hypotheses that enrolled participants with coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%. The SBP target range of the TIR was defined as 110 to 130 mmHg and the SBP TIR was calculated by linear interpolation method. Patients were equally divided into four groups by quartiles of TIR. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were constructed to compare the effects of different levels of TIR on a 10-year prognosis. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Subgroup analyses were performed according to whether patients were assigned to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or medical therapy (MED), and in populations with different baseline SBP. Results A total of 1194 eligible patients were included according to the purpose of our study. Compared with patients in the quartile 4 group (TIR 77.87–100%), the fully adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause mortality were 1.32 (0.98–1.78) for quartile 3 group (TIR 54.81–77.63%), 1.40 (1.03–1.90) for quartile 2 group (TIR 32.59–54.67%), and 1.53 (1.14–2.04) for quartile 1 group (TIR 0–32.56%) (P for trend = 0.005). When evaluated TIR as a continuous variable, per 1-SD decrement (29.28%) in TIR significantly increased the incidence of all-cause mortality [1.15 (1.04–1.26)]. Similarly, the decrement in TIR significantly elevated the risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality and the risk of all-cause mortality plus CV rehospitalization. Consistent results were also observed in subgroup analyses of either CABG or MED, or different baseline SBP, indicating the robustness of our findings. Conclusions This study suggested that in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy, a higher SBP TIR was significantly associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality, CV mortality and the composite of all-cause mortality plus CV rehospitalization, regardless of whether the patient received CABG or MED, and the level of baseline SBP. Our findings support that TIR might be a substitutable metric of SBP control for long-term clinical outcomes in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Background The important role of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability leading to myocardial infarction has been widely demonstrated. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to be of predictive value in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The red blood cell (RBC) is an important regulator of cardiovascular function through nitric oxide bioactivity and oxidative stress in ischemic heart disease. Also, arginase-1 has been shown to greatly influence nitric oxide bioactivity in RBCs and to cause endothelial dysfunction. However, the mechanisms by which RBCs regulate vascular function in patients with myocardial infarction and its relation to inflammation and arginase-1 remain unknown. Objective The study aimed to investigate the effect of RBCs on endothelial function in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and its possible association with systemic inflammation and arginase-1. Material and methods Blood samples were collected from patients with STEMI within 36 h after admission and from age-matched healthy controls. RBCs were incubated with isolated rat aortic segments for 18 h after which the aortas were assessed for endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxations using wire myographs and application of acetylcholine and nitroprusside, respectively. The vascular response was evaluated in relation to the level of inflammation defined as CRP Results RBCs from patients with STEMI and elevated CRP (≥2 mg/L, mean of 9.6 mg/L) induced significant impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation compared to RBCs from patients with STEMI and low CRP ( Conclusion RBCs from patients with STEMI and elevated CRP induce endothelial dysfunction and increase the expression of 4-HNE and arginase-1, indicating that inflammation is involved in the mechanism by which RBCs induce endothelial dysfunction in STEMI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Swedish Heart and Lung foundation

Background MicroRNA (miR)-210 plays a protective role in many cardiometabolic diseases, and its levels are reduced in whole blood, erythrocytes, and plasma in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our recent study demonstrated that miR-210 is downregulated in carotid artery plaques from patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic patients. However, the functional role of miR-210 in endothelial dysfunction is not fully understood. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic value of miR-210 overexpression against T2DM-associated endothelial dysfunction. Methods miR-210 transgenic mice (TG) at age of 8 weeks were subjected to Western Diet (WD) for 12 weeks. During the last 10 days of the diet regime, doxycycline or vehicle dissolved in drinking water was given to switch on miR-210 (miR-210/on) expression or keep it off (miR-210/off), respectively. Age-matched wild-type (WT) control mice received normal chow through the same period. Additionally, WT and T2DM db/db mice at age of 15–20 weeks received tail vein injections of miR-210 mimic or miR-210 scramble oligonucleotides. All animals were euthanized at the end of the treatment or 72h after the i.v. injections for determination of endothelial function by acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) of isolated aortic segments from all groups of mice using wire myographs. The expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B; a miR-210 target protein) and the levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE; an oxidative stress marker) were measured in aortic segments by immunohistochemistry. All animal experiments and procedures were performed according to the guidelines by the U.S National Institutes of Health (NIH publication no 85–23, revised 1996). Results EDR in aortic segments from miR-210/off TG mice fed WD and T2DM db/db mice injected with miR-210 scramble was significantly impaired compared to vessels from WT controls fed with regular chow (Fig. 1A, B). Of note, EDR was markedly improved or even restored in aortae from miR-210/on TG mice treated with WD and T2DM db/db mice injected with miR-210 mimic (Fig. 1A, B). Furthermore, the expression of PTP1B and the levels of 4-HNE, which is formed by lipid peroxidation, were significantly elevated in the aortae from miR-210/off TG mice treated with WD when compared to WT controls (Fig. 2A–D). The expression was attenuated in aortae of miR-210/on TG mice treated with WD compared to miR-210/off TG mice (Fig. 2A–D). There was a significant increase in the expression of PTP1B and a trend to increased 4-HNE levels in aortae of db/db mice injected with miR-210 scramble vs. control mice (Fig. 2E–H). A significant reduction in PTP1B but not 4-HNE was observed in db/db mice injected with miR-210 mimic (Fig. 2E–H). Conclusion Genetic and pharmacological overexpression of miR-210 ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in mice fed with WD and db/db mice. Increasing miR-210 levels may become a potential treatment strategy. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation

Background Arginase is involved in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity via competition with NO synthase (NOS) for their common substrate L-arginine. Erythrocytes are known to contain high levels of arginase that may reduce export of cardioprotective NO bioactivity. Aim To determine the role of arginase 1 in erythrocytes for cardiac protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods A tie2 cre-flox mouse model, in which arginase 1 was deleted (Arg 1-KO) in hematopoietic and endothelial cells, was developed. In vivo ischemia-reperfusion was performed in anaesthetized mice by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (30 min ischemia and 120 min reperfusion). To determine the specific role of erythrocytes, an isolated perfused mouse heart model was applied. Erythrocytes from Arg 1-KO and wild type (WT) mice were given to isolated hearts from WT mice at the onset of global ischemia. After 40 min ischemia, the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) during 60 min reperfusion was recorded as an indicator of cardiac functional recovery. All animal experiments and procedures were performed according to the guidelines by the U.S National Institutes of Health (NIH publication no 85–23, revised 1996) Results Following in vivo ischemia-reperfusion, infarct size was smaller in Arg 1-KO mice than in WT mice (Fig. A). A similar degree of infarct size reduction was obtained by i.v. administration of an arginase inhibitor in WT mice. The cardioprotective effect observed in Arg 1-KO mice was abolished by the NOS inhibitor L-NMMA (Fig. A). In isolated buffer-perfused hearts, there was no difference in the post-ischemic recovery of LVDP between Arg 1-KO and WT hearts. When erythrocytes from Arg 1-KO mice were administrated to isolated WT mouse hearts, the post-ischemic recovery of LVDP was significantly improved compared to hearts given erythrocytes from WT mice. Also, the cardioprotective effect of erythrocytes from Arg 1-KO mice was abolished by pre-incubation of the erythrocytes with the NOS inhibitor L-NAME (Fig. B) or the inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase ODQ (Fig. C). Conclusion Arginase 1 in erythrocyte plays an important role in regulating cardioprotection mediated via the NO-soluble guanylyl cyclase pathway. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation (20190266),The Swedish Research Council (2020-01372)

Background Red blood cells (RBC) are suggested to act as important mediators in the regulation of cardiovascular function by exporting nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity and ATP under hypoxic/ischemic conditions. In addition, RBCs are known to protect from ischemia-reperfusion injury via the export of NO bioactivity in experimental settings. However, it remains unknown if such beneficial effects of RBCs are protective in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Purpose To investigate whether RBCs from patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) protect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and whether such effect involves activation of purinergic and NO signalling in the RBCs. Methods RBCs were collected from patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention and age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The RBCs were administered into the coronary circulation of isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts at the onset of global ischemia for 25 min followed by reperfusion of 60 min. Recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) during reperfusion and infarct size were determined. All animal experiments and procedures were performed according to the guidelines by the U.S National Institutes of Health (NIH publication no 85–23, revised 1996). The present study was performed following The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975 and revised in 1983 for experiments that involve human subjects. Results Administration of RBCs from STEMI patients improved recovery of LVDP and reduced infarct size in hearts subjected to ischemia-reperfusion in comparison with RBCs from healthy controls (Figure 1A, B). Pre-incubation of the RBCs with the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME (Figure 1C, D) and the inhibitor of the NO receptor soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) ODQ abolished the cardioprotective effect of RBCs from STEMI patients. The cardioprotective effect was also attenuated by inhibition of cardiac cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Further, the purinergic P2Y13 receptor antagonist MRS2211 (Figure 1E, F), but not the P1 receptor antagonist 8PT applied to RBCs, attenuated the cardioprotection induced by RBCs from STEMI patients. Moreover, administration of RBCs from healthy subjects pre-incubated with a cell permeable ATP analogue improved post-ischemic recovery of LVDP and reduced infarct size. This cardioprotective effect was abolished by co-incubation of the RBCs with ODQ (Figure 2) and MRS2211. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate a novel function of RBCs in patients with STEMI that provides protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via the activation of P2Y13 receptor and the NO-sGC pathway in RBCs and cardiac PKG. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation; Swedish Research Council

Background The COAPT trial of MitraClip therapy employed a central screening eligibility committee (CSEC) of heart failure (HF) experts to ensure the use of maximally tolerated guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and systematically document intolerances in all potential patients prior to approval for randomization. Purpose To describe the percentage of GDMT classes, doses tolerated, predictors of intolerance, and specific intolerances limiting GDMT among patients approved for randomization by the CSEC. Methods We analyzed baseline use, dose, and intolerances of i) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) or angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI); ii) beta-blockers (BB); and iii) mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) in the CSEC-approved COAPT population with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; LVEF ≤40%). We analyzed variables associated with GDMT tolerance. Results In COAPT, 464 patients had HFrEF and complete screening medication information. Any dose of all 3, 2 or 1 GDMT classes were tolerated in 39%, 39% and 20% of patients respectively; only 2% of patients (n=9) could not tolerate any GDMT (Figure 1). BB were prescribed in the most (93%) patients followed by ACEI/ARB/ARNI (69%) and MRA (55%). Intolerances limiting each GDMT class differed, but hypotension and kidney dysfunction were most common (Figure 2). No patients tolerated goal doses of all 3 GDMT classes. For BB, only 32% tolerated ≥50% of the goal dose; while for ACEI/ARB/ARNI, no patients achieved goal doses, and only 1% tolerated ≥50% of the goal dose. For MRA, 86% of patients tolerated 25mg/day or less. Patients intolerant of BB were less likely to tolerate an ACEI/ARB/ARNI (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20–0.76; p=0.004) but not a MRA (p=0.21) compared with patients tolerating a low dose BB. Patients intolerant of MRA were less likely to tolerate ACEI/ARB/ARNI therapy (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.25–0.57; p Conclusion In a contemporary trial in which HF specialists ensured GDMT optimization, many patients had medical intolerances prohibiting use of one or more GDMT classes, and few patients tolerated target doses. These findings indicate medical intolerances are the primary cause of low GDMT prescription rates in patients with moderate to severe HFrEF. Yet, use of GDMT in this very ill population was much better than “real world” registries of HFrEF suggesting that mandating careful CSEC review prior to study enrollment is important for clinical trials having the objective of randomizing a maximally treated patient cohort. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is an urgent threat to Chinese. It is of primary importance to assess risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, there are some limitations about traditional tools for CVD risk assessment. Recently, numbers of clinical trials demonstrated that CVD risk assessments based on cardiovascular biomarkers would significantly improve sensitivity and specificity of prediction. The comment review the limitations of traditional tools for CVD risk assessment, the application value of novel tools and advances of cardiovascular biomarkers in CVD prediction. It is benefit for precise stratification and management of general population during risk stage. Archieving the strategic goal of"Healthy China"would be promising soon.心血管病严重威胁国人健康，早期实现精准风险分层是心血管防控的首要任务。而传统心血管病风险评估工具在临床实践中仍具有一定局限性，尤其是所有被心血管病风险评估指南推荐的风险模型均未纳入心血管系统特异的生物标志物。近年来，大量研究显示将心血管标志物纳入心血管病风险评估将会显著提升灵敏度和特异度。本文从传统心血管病风险评估工具的局限性、新一代风险评估工具应具备的价值以及心血管标志物在心血管病风险评估中的应用进展等几个方面进行了阐述。心血管特异性标志物的广泛应用和研究必将成为提高传统心血管病风险评估系统效能的最得力帮手，可以更早期、更精确地对普通人群进行分层管理和干预，减少我国心血管病负担，早日实现“健康中国”的战略目标。.

In recent years, the issue of violations or over-exploitation in artificial lake projects have attracted gradual concern. In the initial stage, in order to determine whether there are violations or over-exploitation in the artificial lake project, it is necessary to accurately identify the status of artificial lakes. Because of the relative lack of water resources along the Yellow River, issues such as the contradiction between supply and demand as well as the protection of ecological environment have become increasingly prominent. Besides, the situation of development of artificial lakes along the Yellow River has become serious, increasing the pressure of utilizing water resources along the Yellow River. Therefore, the identification of status of artificial lake is of great significance in ecological supervision of the Yellow River.Under this context, this paper takes the Yellow River as the research area. Based on the land cover data in the multi-temporal geographic national conditions, using spatial analysis, automatic identification and manual differentiation etc., to develop a rapid classification system of artificial lakes to classify the artificial lakes along the Yellow River, tracking and analyzing its annual changes, and finally establishing an artificial lake classification database and an artificial lake change database. Realizing the effective identification and supervision of changes in the artificial lake. Through experiments and analysis of existing data, this paper summarizes a set of indicators for determining the characteristics of artificial lakes, and proposes a set of effective artificial lake identification approaches. It provides an important basis for the follow-up supervision of artificial lake, and also establishes a basic framework for identifying other surface geographic-conditions, which has important theoretical and practical significance in the application of national geographic-conditions data.

Ships are among the main contributors to global air pollution, with substantial impacts on climate and public health. To improve air quality in densely populated coastal areas and to protect sensitive ecosystems, sulfur emission control areas (SECAs) were established in many regions of the world. Ships in SECAs operate with low-sulfur fuels, typically distillate fractions such as marine gas oil (MGO). Alternatively, exhaust gas-cleaning devices (“scrubbers”) can be implemented to remove SO2 from the exhaust, thus allowing the use of cheap high-sulfur residual fuels. Compliance monitoring is established in harbors but is difficult in open water because of high costs and technical limitations. Here we present the first experiments to detect individual ship plumes from distances of several kilometers by single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS). In contrast to most monitoring approaches that evaluate the gaseous emissions, such as manned or unmanned surveillance flights, sniffer technologies and remote sensing, we analyze the metal content of individual particles which is conserved during atmospheric transport. We optimized SPMS technology for the evaluation of residual fuel emissions and demonstrate their detection in a SECA. Our experiments show that ships with installed scrubbers can emit PM emissions with health-relevant metals in quantities high enough to be detected from more than 10 km distance, emphasizing the importance of novel exhaust-cleaning technologies and cleaner fuels. Because of the unique and stable signatures, the method is not affected by urban background. With this study, we establish a route towards a novel monitoring protocol for ship emissions. Therefore, we present and discuss mass spectral signatures that indicate the particle age and thus the distance to the source. By matching ship transponder data, measured wind data and air mass back trajectories, we show how real-time SPMS data can be evaluated to assign distant ship passages.

抗γ-氨基丁酸A型受体（GABA

The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of pancreatic duct stent on acute pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. A retrospective analysis of the case data of patients who first underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for choledocholithiasis in the Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019 for 5 years. According to whether the pancreatic duct stent was indwelled during the operation, they were divided into pancreatic duct stent group (147 cases) and non-indwelling pancreatic duct stent group (192 cases). The incidence of acute pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was compared between the two groups according to COTTON criteria. Independent sample为探讨胰管支架对内镜逆行性胰胆管造影（ERCP）术后预防急性胰腺炎（PEP）发生的作用，本研究回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年12月期间在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院因胆总管结石首次行内镜逆行胰胆管造影患者的病例资料。根据术中是否留置胰管支架分为胰管支架组（147例）和未留置胰管支架组（192例）。以COTTON标准诊断是否发生内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术后急性胰腺炎，比较两组间急性胰腺炎的发生率。采用独立样本

Birth cohort is an important platform to study the effect of early-life exposure on health outcome, but large cohorts to investigate the effect of preconception exposure, especially paternal exposure, on reproductive health and birth outcome are limited. The Preconception Reproductive Health and Birth Outcome Cohort (PREBIC) is a prospective birth cohort study which pays equal attention to the contribution of environmental, psychological, behavioral as well as other factors to reproductive health and adverse birth outcomes in both men and women in Chongqing, China. PREBIC started in 2019 and plans to recruit 20 800 reproductive-age couples with child-bearing willingness. Followed up was conducted to understand the conception status of the women within two years. Women in pregnancy would be visited at first, second, third trimesters and after delivery. The offspring would be monitored until 2 years old to understand the incidences of preterm birth, low birth weight, birth defects, neurodevelopmental disorders and other outcomes. Related information and biospecimen collections (including semen, peripheral blood, urine, placenta, umbilical cord, cord blood and oral swab) were scheduled in each period. By January 2022, PREBIC had recruited 8 698 participants from all 38 districts in Chongqing. The goal of PREBIC is to establish one of the largest prospective preconception birth cohorts covering both men and women, which might provide a unique insight to understand the effects of the full reproductive cycle on reproductive health and adverse outcomes, with especial emphasis on preconception exposures.出生队列是研究生命早期暴露对健康结局影响的重要工具，但目前缺乏有力支撑孕前暴露特别是父系暴露对生殖健康和妊娠结局影响研究的大型队列平台。重庆市孕前生殖健康与出生结局队列研究是起始于孕前阶段，同等关注男女双方的环境、心理、行为等暴露因素对生殖健康和不良妊娠结局影响的前瞻性队列研究。项目于2019年正式启动，计划招募有生育意愿的育龄夫妇20 800人。通过随访，调查志愿者2年内是否自然受孕。对进入妊娠期的女性志愿者，在孕早、中、晚期进一步随访，并对分娩的子代随访至2岁，监测早产、低出生体重、出生缺陷、神经功能发育障碍等结局发生情况。各阶段分别采集相应的数据信息和生物样本，包括精液、外周血、尿液、胎盘、脐带、脐带血、口腔拭子等。截至2022年1月，已纳入志愿者8 698人，分布于重庆市所有38个区/县。本队列建设目标是成为涵盖父母双方的前瞻性大样本孕前出生队列，将以独特的设计和更加全面的视角阐明全生育周期特别是孕前期暴露因素对生殖健康和不良出生结局的影响及机制。.

To develop dental restorative materials with enamel-like structures, ultralong hydroxyapatite (HA) nanowires were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, followed by functionalization with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-570). The mixture of HA nanowires, KH-570, and light initiator was stirred and centrifuged. The precipitate was vacuum filtered to remove excessive KH-570 and then pressured under cold isostatic pressing (10 MPa × 24 h). Finally, the block was polymerized by lighting. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that HA nanowires with aspect ratios >1,000 were assembled into enamel rod–like microstructures and evenly dispersed in the polymerized KH-570 silane matrix to form enamel-like structures. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the content of HA nanowires reached 72 wt% in the composite. The enamel-like composite showed a similar hardness, frictional property, and acid-etching property to those of enamel and a comparable or even better diametral tensile strength and compressive strength than some commercial composite resins in mechanical tests in vitro. In addition, the enamel-like composite had good cytocompatibility. Such enamel-like composites may have the potential to be used in biomimetic tooth restorations in the future.

When using deep learning methods to model natural language, a recurrent neural network that can map input sequences to output sequences is usually used. Considering that natural language contains more complicated syntactic structures, and the performance of cyclic neural networks in long sentence processing will decrease, scholars have introduced an attention mechanism into the model, which has improved the above problems to a certain extent. The existing attention mechanism still has some shortcomings, such as the inability to explicitly obtain the known syntactic structure information in the sentence, and the poor interpretability of the output probability. In response to the above problems, this article will improve the attention mechanism in the recurrent neural network model. Firstly, the prior information in the natural language sequence is constructed as a graph model through syntactic analysis and other means, and then the graph structure regularization term is introduced into the sparse mapping. A new function netmax is constructed to replace the softmax function in the traditional attention mechanism, thereby improving the performance of the model and making the degree of association. The input values corresponding to larger input samples are closer, making the output of the attention mechanism easier to understand. The innovation of this paper mainly lies in that the weight calculation method which can be widely used in the attention mechanism is proposed by combining the deep learning model with statistical knowledge, which opens a channel to introduce the prior information for the deep learning model in natural language processing tasks.

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in clinic. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with inflammation and renal injury in I/R-induced AKI. In the current study we explored the molecular and cellular mechanisms for NLRP3 inflammasome activation following renal I/R. Mice were subjected to I/R renal injury by clamping bilateral renal pedicles. We showed that I/R injury markedly increased caspase-11 expression and the cleavage of pannexin 1 (panx1) in the kidneys accompanied by NLRP3 inflammasome activation evidenced by the activation of caspase-1 and interlukin-1β (IL-1β) maturation. In Casp-11(−/−) mice, I/R-induced panx1 cleavage, NLRP3 inflammasome activation as well as renal functional deterioration and tubular morphological changes were significantly attenuated. In cultured primary tubular cells (PTCs) and NRK-52E cells, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) markedly increased caspase-11 expression, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, IL-1β maturation and panx1 cleavage. Knockdown of caspase-11 attenuated all those changes; similar effects were observed in PTCs isolated from Casp-11(−/−) mice. In NRK-52E cells, overexpression of caspase-11 promoted panx1 cleavage; pretreatment with panx1 inhibitor carbenoxolone or knockdown of panx1 significantly attenuated H/R-induced intracellular ATP reduction, extracellular ATP elevation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation without apparent influence on H/R-induced caspase-11 increase; pretreatment with P2X7 receptor inhibitor AZD9056 also attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The above results demonstrate that the cleavage of panx1 by upregulated caspase-11 is involved in facilitating ATP release and then NLRP3 inflammasome activation in I/R-induced AKI. This study provides new insight into the molecular mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in AKI.

The production of $$\pi ^{\pm }$$ π ± , $$\mathrm{K}^{\pm }$$ K ± , $$\mathrm{K}^{0}_{S}$$ K S 0 , $$\mathrm{K}^{*}(892)^{0}$$ K ∗ ( 892 ) 0 , $$\mathrm{p}$$ p , $$\phi (1020)$$ ϕ ( 1020 ) , $$\Lambda $$ Λ , $$\Xi ^{-}$$ Ξ - , $$\Omega ^{-}$$ Ω - , and their antiparticles was measured in inelastic proton–proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $$\sqrt{s}$$ s = 13 TeV at midrapidity ( $$|y

Diffusive memristors demonstrate volatile resistive switching powered by the diffusion of silver nanoparticles through the matrix of silicon dioxide. The equivalent circuit of the high resistance state has been studied via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for two types of devices which demonstrate either analog or abrupt switching characteristics. It was found that the resistance component has a relatively good agreement with the differential resistance obtained from the I–V curves, whereas the capacitance visibly increases in the analog switching devices with increasing bias voltage as its conductive precursor filament starts forming with increasing voltage and redistribution of silver nanoparticles starts to occur at the top electrodes. Such an effect is not observed for abrupt switching device, which rapidly enters its conductive state for a small increase in bias voltage. This experimental approach allows for the identification of different types of electrical circuit behaviors in a memristive device, even before resistive switching takes place.

Emergency communication vehicle and UAV are important equipment for power emergency disposal. Emergency communication vehicle (ECV) can quickly reach the disaster area with weak signal, no signal and no power supply. UAV has the advantages of flexible and repeatable post disaster data transmission. Combining the advantages of both, this paper proposes a network architecture based on ECV-UAV scheme. The experimental results show that the scheme can effectively improve the efficiency of power emergency disposal.

For the rotation position control of automatic loading manipulator arm with uncertain problems of load change and external disturbances, an adaptive radial basis function networks (RBF) dynamic surface sliding mode control (DSMC) strategy based on disturbance observer (DOB) is proposed. The value of the external disturbance, which is estimated by the DOB on line, is added to the output of the proposed controller for feedforward compensation. The dynamic performance of the controller is ensured by introducing the adaptive RBF networks while the stability of the controller is verified by designing the Lyapunov function. Comparison between the results of the proposed control strategy and those of the conventional sliding mode control (SMC) shows that the controller has better dynamic tracking characteristics, steady-state accuracy and strong robustness under load changes.

We report a search for a heavier partner of the recently observed state, denoted as , in the process , based on collision data collected at the center-of-mass energies of , 4.682 and 4.699 GeV with the BESIII detector. The is of interest as it is expected to be a candidate for a hidden-charm and open-strange tetraquark. A partial-reconstruction technique is used to isolate recoil-mass spectra, which are probed for a potential contribution from ( ). We find an excess of ( ) candidates with a significance of , after considering systematic uncertainties, at a mass of . As the data set is limited in size, the upper limits are evaluated at the 90% confidence level on the product of the Born cross sections ( ) and the branching fraction ( ) of , under different assumptions of the mass from 4.120 to 4.140 MeV and of the width from 10 to 50 MeV at the three center-of-mass energies. The upper limits of are found to be at the level of pb at each energy. Larger data samples are needed to confirm the state and clarify its nature in the coming years.

Microbubble-assisted technologies have been widely used in mineral flotation and oil–water separation, among many other industrial processes. This work compares the effects of temperature and air s...

A centrosymmetric dinuclear copper(II) complex [Cu2(La)2] (1) and two mononuclear copper(II) complexes [Cu(Lb)2] (2) and [Cu(Lc)2] (3), where La, Lb, and Lc are deprotonated anionic forms of 2-((cyclopropylimino)methyl)-4,6-difluorophenol (HLa), 2-((cyclohexylimino)methyl)-4,6-difluorophenol (HLb) and 2,4-difluoro-6-((2-hydroxyethylimino)methyl)phenol (HLc), respectively, are prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and UV-Vis spectra, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The Cu atoms in complex 1 are in a square pyramidal coordination, while those in complexes 2 and 3 are in a square planar coordination. The complexes exhibit interesting antibacterial activities against P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, and S. aureus.

The activation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway plays a pivotal role in promoting renal fibrosis. The activation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway relies on the binding of Wnts to Frizzled receptors on cell membrane. However, the factor regulating Wnts production remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that transcriptional factor FoxM1 was significantly increased in obstructed kidneys and patients' kidneys with fibrosis. The up‐regulation of FoxM1 mainly distributed in tubular epithelial cells. Pharmacological inhibition of FoxM1 down‐regulated multi‐Wnts elevation in UUO mice and attenuated renal fibrosis. In cultured renal tubular epithelial cells, overexpression of FoxM1 promoted 8 Wnts expression, while knock‐down on FoxM1‐suppressed multi‐Wnts including Wnt1, Wnt2b and Wnt3 expression induced by Ang II. Chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR confirmed that FoxM1 bound to Wnt1, Wnt2b, Wnt3 promoters and luciferase assay further identified that the transcriptions of Wnt1, Wnt2b and Wnt3 were regulated by FoxM1. Thus, our findings show that multi‐Wnt family members were regulated by transcriptional factor FoxM1. FoxM1 might be a key switch for activating β‐catenin pathway and renal fibrosis. Therefore, FoxM1 might be a potential therapeutic target in manipulating renal fibrosis.

To discuss the mechanical properties of concrete with different steel fiber content. Two grades of concrete were prepared, and the effects of different content and length of steel fiber on slump, pore structure, compressive strength, splitting strength, flexural toughness and impact resistance of concrete were studied. the fluidity of steel fiber reinforced concrete decreases with the increase of steel fiber content, and the concrete with long steel fiber decreases more than that with short steel fiber With the increase of steel fiber content, the compressive strength, splitting strength, bending toughness and impact resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete are improved to varying degrees. The splitting tensile strength increases fastest when the volume content of steel fiber is 1.0%~1.5%, and the flexural strength increases fastest when the volume content of steel fiber is 1.0%~2.5%. When the fiber is stressed, it gives full play to its strong tensile capacity and shares the tensile force for concrete materials. According to the comprehensive economy, the optimum steel fiber content is 2% ~ 3%, which provides the basis for subsequent experimental research and construction production.