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The increasing demand for disease modeling, preclinical drug testing, and long waiting lists for alternative organ substitutes has posed significant challenges to current limitations in organoid technology. Consequently, organoid technology has emerged as a cutting-edge tool capable of accurately recapitulating the complexity of actual organs in physiology and functionality. To bridge the gaps between basic research and pharmaceutical as well as clinical applications, efforts have been made to develop organoids from tissue-derived stem cells or pluripotent stem cells. These developments include optimizing starting cells, refining culture systems, and introducing genetic modifications. With the rapid development of organoid technology, organoid composition has evolved from single-cell to multi-cell types, enhancing their level of biomimicry. Tissue structure has become more refined, and core challenges like vascularization are being addressed actively. These improvements are expected to pave the way for the construction of organoid atlases, automated large-scale cultivation, and universally compatible organoid biobanks. However, major obstacles remain to be overcome before urgently proof-of-concept organoids can be readily converted to practical applications. These obstacles include achieving structural and functional summarily to native tissue, remodeling the microenvironment, and scaling up production. This review aims to summarize the status of organoid development and applications, highlight recent progress, acknowledge existing limitations and challenges, and provide insights into future advancements. It is expected that this will contribute to the establishment of a reliable, scalable, and practical platform for organoid production and translation, further promoting their use in the pharmaceutical industry and regenerative medicine.

The phenomenon of transforming natural marine space into proliferative capital holds global significance in modern modes of production. Under China’s socialist market economy, the property rights system and resource allocation methods have created a unique approach to the capitalization of marine space. Drawing on concepts related to the capitalization of space and land, this paper develops the idea of the capitalization of marine space. It is a process where the right to use the sea area is transferred by the rights holders through methods such as transfer, lease, or shares and is ultimately put into production as a means of production to realize the creation of capital value and surplus value. Using the mariculture industry on Guanglu Island in Changhai County as a case, this analysis delves into the process and mechanisms of the capitalization of marine space in China, the world’s leading mariculture nation, while considering the material agency of marine space. The research results show that: ① The specific realization process of marine space capitalization in the mariculture industry has gone through three stages: from natural marine space to marine space resources, from marine space resources to marine space assets, and the participation of marine space assets in creating value and surplus value. ② The material agency of marine space determines the feasibility of the capitalization of marine space and is also the decisive subject in shaping the specific practice of capitalization. The survival and profit needs of mariculture fishermen and enterprises drive the realization of the capitalization of marine space. China’s central and local governments participate in realizing the capitalization of marine space with the relevant institutional policies and norms aimed at economic development.

The broad-spectrum fungicides mepanipyrim (Mep) and cyprodinil (Cyp) have been reported to be used worldwide to control gray mold of fruit crops. Consequently, they are often detected in the water and food items. However, the impacts and potential mechanisms of these two pesticides on environmental organisms remain unclear. Utilizing Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as the model, the toxic effects and mechanisms were analyzed after Mep and Cyp exposure over four generations (P0-F3). The results showed that Mep and Cyp at concentrations over 0.1 µg/L affected the motility behavior, while 1.0 µg/L dosage and above inhibited the growth of C. elegans. In addition, multigenerational exposure could significantly impair both locomotion and development of C. elegans even at 0.01 µg/L dosage. Notably, constant exposure resulted in the function abnormalities of cholinergic, dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons, as well as the accumulation of ROS. Further transcriptome analysis showed reduced expression of 14 genes and 26 genes in xenobiotic metabolic pathway following Mep and Cyp exposure, respectively. The buildup of Mep/Cyp and ROS might have led to nerve impairment and behavioral abnormality. These findings enhanced understanding of the toxic effects of Mep and Cyp and provided insights into their eco-toxicological evaluation.

BackgroundPeripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are increasingly used in clinical practice, which also leads to an increased incidence of PICC-related thrombosis. Local thrombus formation could be prevented by limb ischemic preconditioning (IPC). This study aimed to determine whether IPC can prevent deep vein thrombosis in patients with PICC.MethodsA total of 600 breast cancer patients receiving PICC were randomized into two groups between July 2016 and July 2018 at the Department of Radiation Oncology. In the preconditioning group, 5 min of ischemic preconditioning was performed three times before PICC, whereas no preconditioning was performed in the sham group. The coagulation function levels, the PICC-related complications, the length of hospital stay, the cost of hospitalization, and the satisfaction of patients were compared.ResultsThe coagulation function levels of patients in the preconditioning group were more normal than in patients from the sham group. In total, 56/300 patients in the sham group had presence of PICC-related thrombosis, with only 23/300 in the IPC group, with no significant difference in other complications between the two groups. However, a longer hospital stay was observed in the sham group compared to the IPC group. Moreover, the cost of hospitalization was also reduced in the IPC group, which also improved the satisfaction of patients.ConclusionLimb ischemic preconditioning may attenuate the severity of vein thrombosis in patients with PICC, which contributes to reducing the incidence of PICC-related thrombosis in clinical practice.

In recent years, the integration of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology with deep learning has revolutionized the Internet of Things (IoT), leading to significant advancements in object identification, management, and control. Museums, which rely heavily on the meticulous management of collections, require precise and efficient systems to monitor and oversee their valuable assets. Traditional methods for tracking and managing museum collections often fall short in providing real-time updates and ensuring optimal environmental conditions for preservation. These shortcomings place a considerable burden on museum staff, who must manually track, inspect, and maintain extensive collections. This study addresses these challenges by proposing an advanced electronic management system that leverages the synergy between RFID technology and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). By integrating an enhanced LANDMARC algorithm into our geoinformation framework, the system visually represents the real-time location of museum collections on custom electronic maps, significantly improving the accuracy and timeliness of environmental monitoring. Additionally, RFID technology is utilized to continuously identify the real-time location of museum staff, facilitating the evaluation of their inspection tasks. This dual approach not only enhances the operational efficiency of collection management but also supports the development of intelligent, automated systems for museums, advancing the application of RFID technology in item identification and location management.

Reliable ignition is a fundamental prerequisite for the scramjet engines. In order to improve the reliability of ignition, further enhance the application of spark ignition in engineering, and improve the ignition ability in the field of supersonic combustion, an innovative long electrode distance high-energy spark igniter (LHSI) system was proposed by our research team. To reveal the instantaneous ignition characteristics of the LHSI, a simulation model of the LHSI is established and verified by experiments. Based on this, the formation and development of the initial flame kernel of vaporized kerosene and the ignition characteristics of LHSI in a scramjet combustor were simulated and compared with the conventional high-energy spark igniter (HSI). The analysis revealed that the success of the cavity ignition is greatly influenced by the local equivalent ratio of the initial flow field and the penetration depth of the initial flame kernel. Meanwhile, the fore recirculation zone of the cavity plays a key role in stabilization and development of the initial flame kernel. Compared with the HSI, the LHSI can produce initial flame kernel with higher penetration and greater size, which is the main reason why LHSI has a broader ignition boundary. The simulation results show that the oil-rich and oil-lean ignition boundaries of LHSI are about 17 % and 55 % wider than those of HSI, respectively.

Studies on the prognosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation following modern therapies for newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) are lacking. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors and prognosis of HBV reactivation in NDMM. A total of 33 of 355 patients with NDMM and HBV reactivation were included in this study. Multivariable analysis showed that hepatitis B surface antigen-positivity, hepatitis B core antibody-positivity, bortezomib-containing regimens, autologous stem cell transplantation, and gain of 1q21 were identified as independent risk factors of HBV reactivation in NDMM patients. The NDMM patients with HBV reactivation had poorer 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than did those without HBV reactivation, as confirmed by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, HBV reactivation in patients with NDMM constitutes a significant complication, correlating with reduced OS and PFS, and emerges as a potential adverse prognostic factor in the contemporary era of treatment.

Objective This study investigates the effectiveness of tibia periosteum distraction (TPD) applied to the tibial periosteum, an innovative approach grounded in Ilizarov’s tension-stress theory, for the treatment of ischemic diabetic foot and vasculitic foot conditions. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 33 patients (36 limbs) who underwent TPD between June 2019 and May 2022. The study comprised 21 males (23 limbs) and 12 females (13 limbs), aged 41 to 80 years (mean age: 63.4 years). Diabetic foot accounted for 27 cases, thromboangiitis obliterans for 2 cases, and arterial occlusive disease for 4 cases. The distribution of affected limbs included 15 left feet and 21 right feet. Periosteum traction commenced on the third postoperative day at a rate of approximately 0.75 mm/day, adjusted biweekly. The traction device was removed after two weeks. Evaluation included capillary refill and wound healing assessment, along with pre- and postoperative analysis of foot skin temperature, ankle-brachial index (ABI), visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, and peripheral blood oxygen saturation. CT angiography (CTA) was utilized to assess vascular conditions in both lower limbs. Results All 33 patients were successfully followed up for a duration ranging from 4 to 24 weeks (mean: 11.03 weeks). VAS pain scores significantly decreased from preoperative (5.09 ± 1.70, range: 2-8) to postoperative two weeks (2.24 ± 0.90, range: 1-4) (t = 9.44, p < .001). Oxygen saturation levels increased from 83.88% ± 11.82% (range: 58%-97%) preoperatively to 91.36% ± 5.69% (range: 76%-98%) at two weeks postoperatively (t = −4.21, p < .001). Foot skin temperature also showed a significant increase (t = −3.98, p < .001). Capillary refill test at two weeks postoperatively demonstrated notable improvement. CTA revealed evident neovascularization in the operated limbs compared to preoperative conditions. Wound improvement was significant in all 33 patients within two months postoperatively. Conclusion TPD emerges as a promising technique for chronic ischemic lower limb diseases, demonstrating favorable preliminary outcomes in wound healing promotion and amputation rate reduction. Nevertheless, large-scale randomized controlled trials are essential to further validate its efficacy.

Abstract H2S gas sensors with facile preparation, low detection limits, and high selectivity are crucial for environmental and human health monitoring. However, it is difficult to maintain a high response of H2S gas sensors under high humidity in practical applications. To face this dilemma, a layer‐by‐layer growth method is applied to in situ prepare a nanostructured Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O/WO3 coated by a hydrophobic hierarchical ZIF‐67 as the H2S sensor. This novel composite exhibits excellent humidity immunity without sacrificing the excellent sensitivity and selectivity of H2S. At a low operating temperature of 90 °C, a remarkable response value of 1052.3 to 100 ppm H2S has been achieved, which is 779 and 9.36 times higher than that of pure WO3 and Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O/WO3, respectively. More importantly, an 82.2% relative response value remains at a high humidity of 75%RH. The sensing mechanisms are investigated using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), which revealed that the reaction products are H2O and SO2. The high humidity immunity and fast response of the Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O@ZIF‐67/WO3 demonstrate the layer‐by‐layer in situ synthesis method holds the potential application for the development of high‐performance WO3‐based H2S sensors.

BackgroundAbdominal surgery is a common surgical procedure that is frequently associated with substantial postoperative pain. However, rescue analgesia using opioids is associated with several adverse effects. The transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) has been demonstrated to be effective as part of multimodal analgesia. This study aims to evaluate the effects of rescue analgesia using the TAPB following abdominal surgery.MethodsNinety patients undergoing abdominal surgery and reporting a numeric rating scale (NRS) score of cough pain ≥4 on the first postoperative day were randomized to receive either sufentanil or TAPB for rescue analgesia. Pain scores and arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) were evaluated before and after the administration of rescue analgesia. Sleep quality and gastrointestinal function were assessed postoperatively. The primary outcome was the degree of pain relief on coughing 30 min after the administration of rescue analgesia.ResultsPatients of both groups reported a significantly reduced NRS score on coughing 30 min after receiving rescue analgesia (Ppaired

Abstract BackgroundVideo-based error correction (VBEC) in medical education could offer immediate feedback, promote enhanced learning retention, and foster reflective practice. However, its application in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training has not been investigated. ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess whether the VBEC procedure could improve the training performance of CPR among anesthesiology residents. MethodsA quasi-experimental study was conducted among anesthesiology residents between December 2022 and April 2023. Primary outcomes included a posttraining knowledge test and practical assessment scores. Secondary outcomes included the number of residents who correctly conducted CPR at each step, the rate of common mistakes during the CPR process, and the self-assessment results. A total of 80 anesthesiology residents were divided into a VBEC group (n=40) and a control group (n=40). The VBEC group underwent a 15-minute VBEC CPR training, whereas the control group underwent a 15-minute video-prompting CPR training. ResultsThe posttraining knowledge test score of the VBEC group was significantly higher than that of the control group (73, SD 10.5 vs 65.1, SD 11.4; PPPPP ConclusionsVBEC may be a promising strategy compared to video prompting for CPR training among anesthesiology residents.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between the real-time changes of macular structure and visual function in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) patients. Methods: Forty-six patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and macular structural changes were analyzed within 3 months after silicone oil tamponade. Results: The mean final BCVA was significantly better than the preoperative BCVA (P = 0.002). The parafoveal thickness became thinner, the proportion of subretinal fluid (SRF) decreased, and the proportion of intact external limiting membrane (ELM) increased within 3 months postoperatively. The recovery stage and the integrity of ELM in the SRF (-) group were significantly faster than that in the SRF (+) group (all P < 0.05). The central foveal thickness (CFT), the inferior and temporal thickness of the parafovea, and the integrity of the ELM were significantly correlated with BCVA at each time point (all P < 0.05). Long duration of preoperative RRD, thinner CFT at 1 month postoperatively, and without integrity of ELM at 3 months postoperatively were associated with poor final BCVA recovery (R2 = 0.462). Conclusions: The macular microstructural tended to restore integrity within 3 months. The presence of SRF in macula delayed the recovery of RRD patients but did not affect the visual function.

Summary: Fate determination of neural stem cells (NSCs) is crucial for cortex development and is closely linked to neurodevelopmental disorders when gene expression networks are disrupted. The transcriptional corepressor chromodomain Y-like (CDYL) is widely expressed across diverse cell populations within the human embryonic cortex. However, its precise role in cortical development remains unclear. Here, we show that CDYL is critical for human cortical neurogenesis and that its deficiency leads to a substantial increase in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons in cortical organoids. Subsequently, neuronatin (NNAT) is identified as a significant target of CDYL, and its abnormal expression obviously influences the fate commitment of cortical NSCs. Cross-species comparisons of CDYL targets unravel a distinct developmental trajectory between human cortical organoids and the mouse cortex at an analogous stage. Collectively, our data provide insight into the evolutionary roles of CDYL in human cortex development, emphasizing its critical function in maintaining the fate of human cortical NSCs.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory condition of the colon. Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP) possesses prebiotic-like properties and has long been utilized for various diseases. However, the effects and mechanisms of CP on UC are not fully understood. In this study, we utilized dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice to assess the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of CP against UC. Our findings reveal a range of beneficial outcomes of CP in the management of UC. Mechanistically, the beneficial effects of CP are closely linked to the restoration of intestinal microecology, as evidenced by the normalization of intestinal mucosal architecture, immunological functions, microbial composition, and short-chain fatty acids production after CP consumption, particularly butyric acid, which plays a significant role in inhibiting colonic cell apoptosis. In conclusion, CP could be a prebiotic or nutraceutical and deliberate manipulation of intestinal microecology emerges as a promising strategy for UC therapy.

Tumor microenvironments (TMEs) have received increasing attention in recent years as they play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastases, and resistance to the traditional modalities of cancer therapy like chemotherapy. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, effective antineoplastic nanotherapeutics targeting the aberrant hallmarks of TMEs have been proposed. The appropriate design and fabrication endow nanomedicines with the abilities for active targeting, TMEs-responsiveness, and optimization of physicochemical properties of tumors, thereby overcoming transport barriers and significantly improving antineoplastic therapeutic benefits. This review begins with the origins and characteristics of TMEs and discusses the latest strategies for modulating the TMEs by focusing on the regulation of biochemical microenvironments, such as tumor acidosis, hypoxia, and dysregulated metabolism. Finally, this review summarizes the challenges in the development of smart anti-cancer nanotherapeutics for TME modulation and examines the promising strategies for combination therapies with traditional treatments for further clinical translation.

Abstract Background Acute myeloid leukemia, constituting a majority of leukemias, grapples with a 24% 5-year survival rate. Recent strides in research have unveiled fresh targets for drug therapies. LIM-only, a pivotal transcription factor within LIM proteins, oversees cell development and is implicated in tumor formation. Among these critical LIM proteins, CSRP1, a Cysteine-rich protein, emerges as a significant player in various diseases. Despite its recognition as a potential prognostic factor and therapeutic target in various cancers, the specific link between CSRP1 and acute myeloid leukemia remains unexplored. Our previous work, identifying CSRP1 in a prognostic model for AML patients, instigates a dedicated exploration into the nuanced role of CSRP1 in acute myeloid leukemia. Methods R tool was conducted to analyze the public data. qPCR was applied to evaluate the expression of CSRP1 mRNA for clinical samples and cell line. Unpaired t test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, KM curves, spearman correlation test and Pearson correlation test were included in this study. Results CSRP1 displays notable expression variations between normal and tumor samples in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It stands out as an independent prognostic factor for AML patients, showing correlations with clinical factors like age and cytogenetics risk. Additionally, CSRP1 correlates with immune-related pathways, immune cells, and immune checkpoints in AML. Furthermore, the alteration of CSRP1 mRNA levels is observed upon treatment with a DNMT1 inhibitor for THP1 cells. Conclusion The CSRP1 has potential as a novel prognostic factor and appears to influence the immune response in acute myeloid leukemia. Additionally, there is an observed association between CSRP1 and DNA methylation in acute myeloid leukemia.

Abstract With an increasing prevalence of thyroid nodules globally, this study investigates the potential correlation between the use of Bluetooth headsets and the incidence of thyroid nodules, considering the cumulative effects of non-ionizing radiation (NIR) emitted by these devices. In this study, we analyzed 600 valid questionnaires from the WenJuanXing platform using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and the XGBOOST model, supplemented by SHAP analysis, to assess the risk of thyroid nodules. PSM was utilized to balance baseline characteristic differences, thereby reducing bias. The XGBOOST model was then employed to predict risk factors, with model efficacy measured by the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). SHAP analysis helped quantify and explain the impact of each feature on the prediction outcomes, identifying key risk factors. Initially, 600 valid questionnaires from the WenJuanXing platform underwent PSM processing, resulting in a matched dataset of 96 cases for modeling analysis. The AUC value of the XGBOOST model reached 0.95, demonstrating high accuracy in differentiating thyroid nodule risks. SHAP analysis revealed age and daily Bluetooth headset usage duration as the two most significant factors affecting thyroid nodule risk. Specifically, longer daily usage durations of Bluetooth headsets were strongly linked to an increased risk of developing thyroid nodules, as indicated by the SHAP analysis outcomes. Our study highlighted a significant impact relationship between prolonged Bluetooth headset use and increased thyroid nodule risk, emphasizing the importance of considering health impacts in the use of modern technology, especially for devices like Bluetooth headsets that are frequently used daily. Through precise model predictions and variable importance analysis, our research provides a scientific basis for the formulation of public health policies and personal health habit choices, suggesting that attention should be paid to the duration of Bluetooth headset use in daily life to reduce the potential risk of thyroid nodules. Future research should further investigate the biological mechanisms of this relationship and consider additional potential influencing factors to offer more comprehensive health guidance and preventive measures.

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-originating cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) expressing CD248 regulate interaction with immune cells to accelerate cancer progression. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key feature of metastatic cells. In our pervious study, we found that CD248+CAFs activated M2-polarized macrophages, enhancing the progression of NSCLC. However, it is yet unclear how CD248+CAFs inducing M2-polarized macrophages induce EMT program in NSCLC cells. Herein, we examined CD248 expression from CAFs derived from NSCLC patient tumour tissues. Furthermore, we determined the influence of CD248 knock down CAFs on macrophages polarization. Next, we explored the influences of CD248-harboring CAFs-mediated M2 macrophage polarization to promote NSCLC cells EMT in vitro. We constructed fibroblasts specific CD248 gene knock out mice to examine the significance of CD248-harboring CAFs-induced M2-polarized macrophages to promote NSCLC cells EMT in vivo. Based on our analysis, CD248 is ubiquitously expressed within NSCLC-originating CAFs. CD248+CAFs mediated macrophages polarized to M2 type macrophages. CD248+CAFs induced M2 macrophage polarization to enhance NSCLC cells EMT both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings indicate that CD248-harboring CAFs promote NSCLC cells EMT by regulating M2-polarized macrophages.

Abstract Background Healthy eating is one of the most important nonpharmacologic treatments for patients with atherosclerosis(AS). However, it is unclear how elderly AS patients in western China perceive their dietary status and which type of nutritional assistance they would be willing to receive. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to understand the level of knowledge about current dietary habits and healthy eating habits among elderly AS patients in western China, and the secondary purpose was to identify acceptable nutritional assistance measures or pathways for those patients to help them manage disease progression. Methods An implementation study approach was used to recruit elderly patients with AS-related diseases in western China for semistructured interviews. Results 14 participants were included in the study, and the following three themes were identified from the interviews:(1) the diet with regional characteristics; (2) low nutrition-related health literacy; (3) complex attitudes towards nutritional assistance. Most participants had misconceptions about healthy eating, and the sources of their knowledge might not be trustworthy. Participants expressed a preference for personalized nutritional assistance, especially that provided by medical-nursing combined institutions. Conclusion Patients in western China need nutritional assistance for their regional dietary habits; therefore, healthy dietary patterns consistent with the regional culture are proposed to improve the prevailing lack of knowledge about healthy diets, improve the dietary structure of patients, and control the development of the disease.

Abstract TNF receptor superfamily member 11a (TNFRSF11a, RANK) and its ligand TNF superfamily member 11 (TNFRSF11, RANKL) are overexpressed in many malignancies. However, the clinical importance of RANKL/RANK in colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly unknown. We examined CRC samples and found that RANKL/RANK was elevated in CRC tissues compared with nearby normal tissues. A higher RANKL/RANK expression was associated with a worse survival rate. Furthermore, RANKL was mostly produced by regulatory T cells (Tregs), which were able to promote CRC advancement. Overexpression of RANK or addition of RANKL significantly increased the stemness and migration of CRC cells. Furthermore, RANKL/RANK signaling stimulated C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) production by CRC cells, leading to Treg recruitment and boosting tumor stemness and malignant progression. This recruitment process was accomplished by CCL20–CCR6 interaction, demonstrating a connection between CRC cells and immune cells. These findings suggest an important role of RANKL/RANK in CRC progression, offering a potential target for CRC prevention and therapy.

Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR), caused by Phytophthora sojae, can occur at any growth stage under poorly drained and humid conditions. The expansion of soybean cultivation in South Korean paddy fields has increased the frequency of PRR outbreaks. This study aimed to identify four P. sojae isolates newly collected from domestic fields and evaluate race-specific resistance using the hypocotyl inoculation technique. The four isolates exhibited various pathotypes, with GJ3053 exhibiting the highest virulence complexity. Two isolates, GJ3053 and AD3617, were screened from 205 soybeans, and 182 and 190 genotypes (88.8 and 92.7%, respectively) were susceptible to each isolate. Among these accessions, five genotypes resistant to both isolates were selected. These promising genotypes are candidates for the development of resistant soybean cultivars that can effectively control PRR through gene stacking.

AIM: To figure out whether various atropine dosages may slow the progression of myopia in Chinese kids and teenagers and to determine the optimal atropine concentration for effectively slowing the progression of myopia. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wanfang database, encompassing literature on slowing progression of myopia with varying atropine concentrations from database inception to January 17, 2024. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed, and a network Meta-analysis was executed using Stata version 14.0 Software. Results were visually represented through graphs. RESULTS: Fourteen papers comprising 2475 cases were included; five different concentrations of atropine solution were used. The network Meta-analysis, along with the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA), showed that 1% atropine (100%)>0.05% atropine (74.9%) >0.025% atropine (51.6%)>0.02% atropine (47.9%)>0.01% atropine (25.6%)>control in refraction change and 1% atropine (98.7%)>0.05% atropine (70.4%)>0.02% atropine (61.4%)>0.025% atropine (42%)>0.01% atropine (27.4%)>control in axial length (AL) change. CONCLUSION: In Chinese children and teenagers, the five various concentrations of atropine can reduce the progression of myopia. Although the network Meta-analysis showed that 1% atropine is the best one for controlling refraction and AL change, there is a high incidence of adverse effects with the use of 1% atropine. Therefore, we suggest that 0.05% atropine is optimal for Chinese children to slow myopia progression.

Government data identification is a fundamental work in building a national integrated government big data system.This article reviewed the research progress of data identification technology, compared the similarities and differences in coding rules of different data identification technologies, and further reviewed the progress of government data identification and its applications.Based on the clear rights and responsibilities, high security requirements, and strong compatibility requirements of government data, the next generation government data identification system Gcode was proposed.Gcode consists of three parts: external code, internal code, and security code.Among them, the external code was compatible with the Code for Unified Social Information, the internal code established an association relationship of ＆quot;institution-departmentsystem-data＆quot;, and the security code achieved anti-counterfeiting verification by introducing blockchain technology.Gcode has clear rights and responsibilities, strong compatibility and high security, and can support cross-level, cross-region, crosssystem, cross-department, and cross-business sharing of government data, effectively promoting the implementation of＆quot;one data, one source＆quot; of government data.

Artificial impervious surface, as the hallmark of urbanization, contributes to urban development but simultaneously leads to urban PM2.5 pollution. However, how artificial impervious surface affected PM2.5 at the intra-urban scale was rarely investigated. By using remote-sensing techniques to derive PM2.5 concentrations and dividing urban areas into two categories with different urban development situation (areas with drastic expansion of artificial impervious surface (DEA) and areas with slight or no changes of artificial impervious surface (SNCA)), we provided a new perspective for investigating the effects of spatial patterns of artificial impervious surface on PM2.5. First, based on multi-source predictors, a two-staged XGBoost model was adopted to derive PM2.5 concentrations. Then, after delineating DEA and SNCA based on the variations of artificial impervious surface and selecting indicators, the overall and local effects of spatial patterns of artificial impervious surface were respectively explored by Original Least Square regression (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). The results demonstrated that, compared with in SNCA, population and economic development contributed to higher levels of PM2.5 concentrations in DEA. Additionally, in DEA, high PM2.5 concentrations tended to occur in areas with artificial impervious surfaces exhibiting high coverage, complex shape, and uncompact distribution. In SNCA, among all landscape spatial patterns, the effect of artificial impervious surface coverage was the strongest. Spatially, artificial impervious surface coverage and economic development had much more significant impacts on PM2.5 than other indicators. Among these two indicators, the exacerbating effect of artificial impervious surface coverage on PM2.5 pollution was more pronounced in SNCA, while economic development notably brought high PM2.5 concentrations in the suburban districts of DEA. In general, the framework proposed in this study advanced the understanding of the effects of artificial impervious surface on PM2.5 and the findings are valuable for the mitigation of PM2.5 pollution at the intra-urban scale.

This paper focuses on the solution of the reduced biquaternion equation $ AX+XB = C $ using the E-extra iteration method. By utilizing the complex decomposition of a reduced biquaternion matrix, we transform the equation into a complex matrix equation. Subsequently, we analyze the convergence of this method and provide guidelines for selecting optimal parameters. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithm.

Abstract Background and objectives Central nervous system infections, typified by bacterial meningitis, stand as pivotal emergencies recurrently confronted by neurologists. Timely and precise diagnosis constitutes the cornerstone for efficacious intervention. The present study endeavors to scrutinize the influence of inflammatory protein levels associated with neutrophils in cerebrospinal fluid on the prognosis of central nervous system infectious maladies. Methods This retrospective case series study was undertaken at the Neurology Department of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, encompassing patients diagnosed with infectious encephalitis as confirmed by PCR testing and other diagnostic modalities spanning from January 2018 to January 2024. The quantification of MPO and pertinent inflammatory proteins within patients’ cerebrospinal fluid was accomplished through the utilization of ELISA. Results We enlisted 25 patients diagnosed with bacterial meningitis, ascertained through PCR testing, and stratified them into two groups: those with favorable prognoses (n = 25) and those with unfavorable prognoses (n = 25). Following assessments for normality and variance, notable disparities in CSF-MPO concentrations emerged between the prognostic categories of bacterial meningitis patients (P

Abstract Background Accurate prediction of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) in lung adenocarcinoma before operation can provide guidance and help for surgical operation and postoperative treatment. We investigate the value of intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics nomograms for preoperatively predicting the status of VPI in patients diagnosed with clinical stage IA lung adenocarcinoma. Methods A total of 404 patients from our hospital were randomly assigned to a training set (n = 283) and an internal validation set (n = 121) using a 7:3 ratio, while 81 patients from two other hospitals constituted the external validation set. We extracted 1218 CT-based radiomics features from the gross tumor volume (GTV) as well as the gross peritumoral tumor volume (GPTV5, 10, 15), respectively, and constructed radiomic models. Additionally, we developed a nomogram based on relevant CT features and the radscore derived from the optimal radiomics model. Results The GPTV10 radiomics model exhibited superior predictive performance compared to GTV, GPTV5, and GPTV15, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.855, 0.842, and 0.842 in the three respective sets. In the clinical model, the solid component size, pleural indentation, solid attachment, and vascular convergence sign were identified as independent risk factors among the CT features. The predictive performance of the nomogram, which incorporated relevant CT features and the GPTV10-radscore, outperformed both the radiomics model and clinical model alone, with AUC values of 0.894, 0.828, and 0.876 in the three respective sets. Conclusions The nomogram, integrating radiomics features and CT morphological features, exhibits good performance in predicting VPI status in lung adenocarcinoma.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating cytokines and liver function and prognosis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with radiotherapy combined with tislelizumab and anlotinib. The liver function indexes and pre-treatment levels of cytokines in 47 patients were measured by chemical method and flow cytometry. The median follow-up was 23.1 months. The objective response and the disease control rates were 46.8% and 68.1%, while overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 12.6 and 11.4 months, respectively. Adverse events (2.1%) were grade 3–4. In addition to stage, intrahepatic metastasis and Child–Pugh score, pre-treatment interleukin-6 (IL-6) was the main cytokine affecting OS and PFS (p

Abstract Objectives To develop an interactive, non-invasive artificial intelligence (AI) system for malignancy risk prediction in cystic renal lesions (CRLs). Methods In this retrospective, multicenter diagnostic study, we evaluated 715 patients. An interactive geodesic-based 3D segmentation model was created for CRLs segmentation. A CRLs classification model was developed using spatial encoder temporal decoder (SETD) architecture. The classification model combines a 3D-ResNet50 network for extracting spatial features and a gated recurrent unit (GRU) network for decoding temporal features from multi-phase CT images. We assessed the segmentation model using sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), intersection over union (IOU), and dice similarity (Dice) metrics. The classification model’s performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy score (ACC), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results From 2012 to 2023, we included 477 CRLs (median age, 57 [IQR: 48–65]; 173 men) in the training cohort, 226 CRLs (median age, 60 [IQR: 52–69]; 77 men) in the validation cohort, and 239 CRLs (median age, 59 [IQR: 53–69]; 95 men) in the testing cohort (external validation cohort 1, cohort 2, and cohort 3). The segmentation model and SETD classifier exhibited excellent performance in both validation (AUC = 0.973, ACC = 0.916, Dice = 0.847, IOU = 0.743, SEN = 0.840, SPE = 1.000) and testing datasets (AUC = 0.998, ACC = 0.988, Dice = 0.861, IOU = 0.762, SEN = 0.876, SPE = 1.000). Conclusion The AI system demonstrated excellent benign-malignant discriminatory ability across both validation and testing datasets and illustrated improved clinical decision-making utility. Critical relevance statement In this era when incidental CRLs are prevalent, this interactive, non-invasive AI system will facilitate accurate diagnosis of CRLs, reducing excessive follow-up and overtreatment. Key Points The rising prevalence of CRLs necessitates better malignancy prediction strategies. The AI system demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance in identifying malignant CRL. The AI system illustrated improved clinical decision-making utility. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory has detected 0.2 − 13 TeV emission of GRB 221009A within 2000 s since the trigger. Here we report the detection of a 400 GeV photon, without accompanying prominent low-energy emission, by Fermi Large Area Telescope in this direction with a 0.4 days’ delay. Given an intergalactic magnetic field strength of about 4 × 10−17 G, which is comparable to limits from TeV blazars, the delayed 400 GeV photon can be explained as the cascade emission of about 10 TeV gamma rays. We estimate the probabilities of the cascade emission that can result in one detectable photon beyond 100 GeV by Fermi Large Area Telescope within 0.3 − 1 days is about 2% whereas it is about 20.5% within 0.3 − 250 days. Our results show that Synchrotron Self-Compton explanation is less favored with probabilities lower by a factor of about 3 − 30 than the cascade scenario.

Abstract The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29-item Profile version 2.1 (PROMIS-29 V2.1) is a widely utilized self-reported instrument for assessing health outcomes from the patients’ perspectives. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PROMIS-29 V2.1 Chinese version among patients with hematological malignancy. Conducted as a cross-sectional, this research was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (registration number QTJC2022002-EC-1). We employed convenience sampling to enroll eligible patients with hematological malignancy from four tertiary hospitals in Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Anhui province in China between June and August 2023. Participants were asked to complete a socio-demographic information questionnaire, the PROMIS-29 V2.1, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G). We assessed the reliability, ceiling and floor effects, structural, convergent discriminant and criterion validity of the PROMIS-29 V2.1. A total of 354 patients with a mean age of 46.93 years was included in the final analysis. The reliability of the PROMIS-29 V2.1 was affirmed, with Cronbach’s α for the domains ranging from 0.787 to 0.968. Except sleep disturbance, the other six domains had ceiling effects, which were seen on physical function (26.0%), anxiety (37.0%), depression (40.4%), fatigue (18.4%), social roles (18.9%) and pain interference (43.2%), respectively. Criterion validity was supported by significant correlations between the PROMIS-29 V2.1 and FACT-G scores, as determined by the Spearman correlation test (P

Abstract Adverse perinatal factors can interfere with the normal development of the brain, potentially resulting in long-term effects on the comprehensive development of children. Presently, the understanding of cognitive and neurodevelopmental processes under conditions of adverse perinatal factors is substantially limited. There is a critical need for an open resource that integrates various perinatal factors with the development of the brain and mental health to facilitate a deeper understanding of these developmental trajectories. In this Data Descriptor, we introduce a multicenter database containing information on perinatal factors that can potentially influence children’s brain-mind development, namely, periCBD, that combines neuroimaging and behavioural phenotypes with perinatal factors at county/region/central district hospitals. PeriCBD was designed to establish a platform for the investigation of individual differences in brain-mind development associated with perinatal factors among children aged 3–10 years. Ultimately, our goal is to help understand how different adverse perinatal factors specifically impact cognitive development and neurodevelopment. Herein, we provide a systematic overview of the data acquisition/cleaning/quality control/sharing, processes of periCBD.

Abstract Background Studies have shown that visfatin is an inflammatory factor closely related to periodontitis. We examined the levels of visfatin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingival tissues under different periodontal conditions, in order to provide more theoretical basis for exploring the role of visfatin in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Methods We enrolled 87 subjects, with 43 in the chronic periodontitis (CP) group, 21 in the chronic gingivitis (CG) group, and 23 in the periodontal health (PH) group. Periodontal indexes (PD, AL, PLI, and BI) were recorded. GCF samples were collected for visfatin quantification, and gingival tissues were assessed via immunohistochemical staining. Results Visfatin levels in GCF decreased sequentially from CP to CG and PH groups, with statistically significant differences (P

Abstract In the era of ubiquitous computing with flourished visual displays in our surroundings, the application of haptic feedback technology still remains in its infancy. Bridging the gap between haptic technology and the real world to enable ambient haptic feedback on various physical surfaces is a grand challenge in the field of human-computer interaction. This paper presents the concept of an active electronic skin, characterized by three features: richness (multi-modal haptic stimuli), interactivity (bi-directional sensing and actuation capabilities), and invisibility (transparent, ultra-thin, flexible, and stretchable). By deploying this skin on physical surfaces, dynamic and versatile multi-modal haptic display, as well as tactile sensing, can be achieved. The potential applications of this skin include two categories: skin for the physical world (such as intelligent home, intelligent car, and intelligent museum), and skin for the digital world (such as haptic screen, wearable device, and bare-hand device). Furthermore, existing skin-based haptic display technologies including texture, thermal, and vibrotactile feedback are surveyed, as well as multidimensional tactile sensing techniques. By analyzing the gaps between current technologies and the goal of ambient haptics, future research topics are proposed, encompassing fundamental theoretical research on the physiological and psychological perception mechanisms of human skin, spatial-temporal registration among multimodal haptic stimuli, integration between sensing and actuation, and spatial-temporal registration between visual and haptic display. This concept of active electronic skin is promising for advancing the field of ambient haptics, enabling seamless integration of touch into our digital and physical surroundings.

ObjectiveTo analyze the factors influencing the cognitive function of community-dwelling elderly in Haishu district of Ningbo city, Zhejiang province, in order to provide a reference for the prevention and early intervention of dementia in the elderly. MethodsA total of 3 850 residents aged 60 years and older were recruited from urban/township communities in Haishu district of Ningbo city, Zhejiang province using a stratified proportional sampling method for a face-to-face survey from April to September 2022. The participants' information was collected using a self-designed questionnaire, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess the participants' cognitive function. The structural equation model was used to analyze the pathway and the effect of the influencing factors on the cognitive function of the participants. ResultsThe mean MMSE score of the participants was 26.38 ± 4.14 with a range of 0 to 30. The Spearman correlation analysis showed that MMSE score was positively correlated with educational level (r = 0.551), sleep quality (r = 0.242)，family monthly income (r = 0.237), physical activity (r = 0.145)， alcohol consumption (r = 0.110) and smoking (r = 0.064) (all P < 0.001) , but inversely correlated with age (r = – 0.379), hearing loss (r = – 0.378), being unmarried (r = – 0.224), hyposmia (r = – 0.199), being female (r = – 0.116), and being a farmer before retirement (r = – 0.089), (all P < 0.001). The constructed structural equation model was of good fitness to the data, with the χ2/df of 7.359, the goodness-of-fit index of 0.995，the adjusted goodness-of-fit index of 0.983，the normed fit index of 0.985，the Tacker-Lewis index of 0.965，the comparative fit index of 0.987，the incremental fit index of 0.987，and the root mean square error of approximation of 0.041，respectively. Direct effect analysis revealed that higher education (β = 0.355), good sleep quality (β = 0.108), participation in physical activity (β = 0.068), and higher monthly household income (β = 0.062) were significantly associated with higher MMSE scores (all P < 0.001), whereas hearing loss (β = – 0.227), older age (β = – 0.213), and hyposmia (β = – 0.112) were associated with lower MMSE scores (all P < 0.001). In addition, age, education level, family monthly income also indirectly affected MMSE scores, with indirect and total effect coefficients of – 0.257 and – 0.470, 0.056 and 0.411, and 0.012 and 0.074, respectively. ConclusionThe cognitive function of elderly people in Haishu district, Ningbo city is affected by various factors such as age, education level, family monthly income, sleep quality, physical activity, and hearing loss and hyposmia.

Abstract Two-dimensional nanofluidics based on naturally abundant clay are good candidates for harvesting osmotic energy between the sea and river from the perspective of commercialization and environmental sustainability. However, clay-based nanofluidics outputting long-term considerable osmotic power remains extremely challenging to achieve due to the lack of surface charge and mechanical strength. Here, a two-dimensional all-natural nanofluidic (2D-NNF) is developed as a robust and highly efficient osmotic energy generator based on an interlocking configuration of stacked montmorillonite nanosheets (from natural clay) and their intercalated cellulose nanofibers (from natural wood). The generated nano-confined interlamellar channels with abundant surface and space negative charges facilitate selective and fast hopping transport of cations in the 2D-NNF. This contributes to an osmotic power output of ~8.61 W m−2 by mixing artificial seawater and river water, higher than other reported state-of-the-art 2D nanofluidics. According to detailed life cycle assessments (LCA), the 2D-NNF demonstrates great advantages in resource consumption (1/14), greenhouse gas emissions (1/9), and production costs (1/13) compared with the mainstream 2D nanofluidics, promising good sustainability for large-scale and highly-efficient osmotic power generation.

Abstract Astragalus mongholicus is a medicinal plant that is known to decrease in quality in response to continuous cropping. However, the differences in the root-associated microbiome and root exudates in the rhizosphere soil that may lead to these decreases are barely under studies. We investigated the plant biomass production, root-associated microbiota, and root exudates of A. mongholicus grown in two different fields: virgin soil (Field I) and in a long-term continuous cropping field (Field II). Virgin soil is soil that has never been cultivated for A. mongholicus. Plant physiological measurements showed reduced fresh and dry weight of A. mongholicus under continuous cropping conditions (i.e. Field II). High-throughput sequencing of the fungal and bacterial communities revealed differences in fungal diversity between samples from the two fields, including enrichment of potentially pathogenic fungi in the roots of A. mongholicus grown in Field II. Metabolomic analysis yielded 20 compounds in A. mongholicus root exudates that differed in relative abundance between rhizosphere samples from the two fields. Four of these metabolites (2-aminophenol, quinic acid, tartaric acid, and maleamate) inhibited the growth of A. mongholicus, the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, or both. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of the A. mongholicus microbiome, root exudates, and interactions between the two in response to continuous cropping. These results offer new information for future design of effective, economical approaches to achieving food security.

Abstract Calendula officinalis L.is a versatile medicinal plant with numerous applications in various fields. However, its chloroplast genome structure, features, phylogeny, and patterns of evolution and mutation remain largely unexplored. This study examines the chloroplast genome, phylogeny, codon usage bias, and divergence time of C. officinalis, enhancing our understanding of its evolution and adaptation. The chloroplast genome of C. officinalis is a 150,465 bp circular molecule with a G + C content of 37.75% and comprises 131 genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between C. officinalis, C. arvensis, and Osteospermum ecklonis. A key finding is the similarity in codon usage bias among these species, which, coupled with the divergence time analysis, supports their close phylogenetic proximity. This similarity in codon preference and divergence times underscores a parallel evolutionary adaptation journey for these species, highlighting the intricate interplay between genetic evolution and environmental adaptation in the Asteraceae family. Moreover unique evolutionary features in C. officinalis, possibly associated with certain genes were identified, laying a foundation for future research into the genetic diversity and medicinal value of C. officinalis.

Abstract Background Adult neurogenesis occurs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. The neuronal stem cells in these two neurogenic niches respond differently to various physiological and pathological stimuli. Recently, we have found that the decrement of carboxypeptidase E (CPE) with aging impairs the maturation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurogenesis in the SVZ. However, it remains unknown whether these events occur in the hippocampus, and what the role of CPE is in the adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods In vivo screening was performed to search for miRNA mimics capable of upregulating CPE expression and promoting neurogenesis in both neurogenic niches. Among these, two agomirs were further assessed for their effects on hippocampal neurogenesis in the context of AD. We also explored whether these two agomirs could ameliorate behavioral symptoms and AD pathology in mice, using direct intracerebroventricular injection or by non-invasive intranasal instillation. Results Restoration of CPE expression in the hippocampus improved BDNF maturation and boosted adult hippocampal neurogenesis. By screening the miRNA mimics targeting the 5’UTR region of Cpe gene, we developed two agomirs that were capable of upregulating CPE expression. The two agomirs significantly rescued adult neurogenesis and cognition, showing multiple beneficial effects against the AD-associated pathologies in APP/PS1 mice. Of note, noninvasive approach via intranasal delivery of these agomirs improved the behavioral and neurocognitive functions of APP/PS1 mice. Conclusions CPE may regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis via the CPE–BDNF–TrkB signaling pathway. This study supports the prospect of developing miRNA agomirs targeting CPE as biopharmaceuticals to counteract aging- and disease-related neurological decline in human brains.

Abstract Background Taxonomic classification of reads obtained by metagenomic sequencing is often a first step for understanding a microbial community, but correctly assigning sequencing reads to the strain or sub-species level has remained a challenging computational problem. Results We introduce Mora, a MetagenOmic read Re-Assignment algorithm capable of assigning short and long metagenomic reads with high precision, even at the strain level. Mora is able to accurately re-assign reads by first estimating abundances through an expectation-maximization algorithm and then utilizing abundance information to re-assign query reads. The key idea behind Mora is to maximize read re-assignment qualities while simultaneously minimizing the difference from estimated abundance levels, allowing Mora to avoid over assigning reads to the same genomes. On simulated diverse reads, this allows Mora to achieve F1 scores comparable to other algorithms while having less runtime. However, Mora significantly outshines other algorithms on very similar reads. We show that the high penalty of over assigning reads to a common reference genome allows Mora to accurately infer correct strains for real data in the form of E. coli reads. Conclusions Mora is a fast and accurate read re-assignment algorithm that is modularized, allowing it to be incorporated into general metagenomics and genomics workflows. It is freely available at https://github.com/AfZheng126/MORA .