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In this paper, we describe an implementation method that enables users to real time control their avatars that is real and complex shaped in a 3D virtual world. We realized an avatar using quasi 3D models and moving picture, enabling movement and actions to be performed in real time according to user operations. This avatar has the following characteristics. 1) The avatar is highly precise. 2) Avatar actions can be controlled in real time. 3) The avatar has smooth actions. We also describe an evaluation of our implementation method. A prototype system consisting of avatars capable of performing walking action using a quasi 3D model comprised of five polygons and a virtual 3D shared space containing these avatars was created, and the effectiveness of this system was confirmed.

In this paper, we describe a method of 3D modeling based on photographs for real-time graphics system of educational use. The method uses few basic models like squares, spheres and so on, and a 3D model is constructed by modifying basic models, guided by parameters. For example, we made an educational real-time graphics system of the deep space, having galaxies' 3D models. A typical galaxy called spiral galaxy consists of two parts; a spherical center part named bulge, and a whirlpool convex-lens shaped surrounding part named galactic disc. Galaxies' photographs are taken from a limited angle, because they are too far away, and viewed only from the earth. So a galaxies' photograph is whether in a whirlpool form, a convex-lens form, or in a slant form between the two forms. Therefore our method puts a sphere model at the bulge position, and a convex-lens model formed by a sphere metamorphism at the galactic disc position. Parameters are used to change galaxies' position, size, XYZ-axes metamorphism and rotation. Thus we get a 3D galaxy model corresponding to the photograph, and learners can look at a 3D galaxy from any viewpoint and view direction. In this way, we construct realistic 3D models. The amount of rendering computation is still low. Thus real-time rendering images are produced freely from a moving viewpoint and view direction.

Carbon nanotubes dispersed in cyclohexane migrated toward the cathode under electric field and inserted themselves into pores in a track etch membrane on the cathode. The efficiency of the insertion depends on the frequency of the applied electric field. Application of rectangular electric pulses with a frequency of 0.1 Hz gave a maximum efficiency of 22%. Prolonged application of the field did not increase the fraction of occupied pores. The fraction saturates at 30 min, since the inserted tubes attract subsequent tubes and prevent the insertion of the tubes into pores.

Biodegradable hollow nanocapsules were successfully prepared by a combination of layer-by-layer assembly and the silica template method. Ultrathin polymer films were constructed on the surface of t...

Real-time (video frame rate) optical correlation and wavelet transformation using high- resolution LCTV-SLMs and Fresnel zone plates have been studied. In the systems, the LCTV- SLMs are used as real-time optical filtering devices in Fourier planes and the Fresnel zone plates are used as Fourier transformation devices. In the experiment, good optical performance has been achieved. From the results, it is confirmed that the Fresnel zone plates are suitable devices for parallel optics and using them, they can be extended parallel optical systems easily.

Anisotropic light absorptions via localized surface plasmon resonance in a gold-evaporated film parallel (in-plane; IP) and perpendicular (out-of-plane; OP) to the film surface are studied using visible multiple-angle incidence resolution spectrometry (Vis-MAIRS). When the thin film was aged for eighteen days, the time-dependent Vis-MAIRS IP spectra exhibited significantly different variation from that of the OP spectra: the IP spectra exhibited a large shift to the shorter wavelength side, whereas the OP spectra were explained by a linear combination of three-constituent spectra. The surface topographical analysis of the film revealed that a continuous film coalesced to form aggregates of metal particles. The intrinsic difference between the IP and OP spectra was readily elucidated by considering the surface-parallel and -perpendicular dipoles interaction depending on the topographical changes, which was confirmed by performing spectral simulation using metal particle array models.

A 6.6 cm-inner-diameter permanent-magnets-expanding plasma source is connected to a large-volume diffusion chamber of about 76 cm diameter and 100 cm length, and is operated over a range of 20–300 mPa argon gas pressures. An rf power of 13.56 MHz for plasma production is maintained at 200 W and an expanding magnetic field of about 200 G in the source is provided by permanent magnet arrays. A potential drop of a few tens of volts is observed; a supersonic ion beam with energy corresponding to the potential drop is detected in the diffusion chamber. Radial investigation of the ion beam in the diffusion chamber indicates a detachment of the ion beam from the expanding magnetic field lines provided by the permanent magnets, at about several centimetres downstream of the source exit.

In recent years, computers have been introduced for the operation of city water supply systems, giving remarkable effects in water leakage prevention, energy-saving and labor-saving. In this paper, report will be made on two practical examples. In Example 1, pipeline network calculation is executed in on-line mode, and water distribution control is carried out according to the results. This has made it possible to reduce water distribution pressure from 0.37 – 0.41 MPa to 0.2–0.25 MPa. In Example 2, optimal distribution planning and distribution reservoir operation have been executed according to demand forecast. This has made it possible to receive a constant quantity of water from the prefectural water supply system despite the fluctuation in water demand quantity.