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In this paper, Painlevé integrability of a generalized Hirota–Satsuma (gHS) equation is confirmed by using the Weiss–Tabor–Carnevale (WTC) test. Then, a new exact solution with two arbitrary functions is constructed. Some new soliton structures are illustrated analytically by selecting appropriate functions.

Uniform marginal prices cannot generally support competitive equilibrium solutions in markets with non-convexities and yield schedules' inconsistency and surplus sub-optimality effects. Previous work has identified non-convexities associated with the generation side of electricity markets and proposed a generalized uplift approach to eliminate these effects. This paper examines the above issues from the perspective of the flexible demand (FD) side. FD non-convexities are identified, including its ability to forgo demand activities and minimum power levels, and resulting inconsistency and surplus sub-optimality effects are demonstrated through simple examples. Generalized uplift functions for FD participants are proposed, including quadratic pricing terms to limit their tendency to concentrate at the lowest-priced periods, and binary terms associated with their ability to forgo activities. Finally, a new rule is proposed for the equitable distribution of the total surplus loss among the market participants. These contributions are supported by case studies on a market with a day-ahead horizon and hourly resolution.

Conditional Lie-Bäcklund symmetry approach is used to study the invariant subspace of the nonlinear diffusion equations with sourceut=e−qx(epxP(u)uxm)x+Q(x,u),m≠1. We obtain a complete list of canonical forms for such equations admit multidimensional invariant subspaces determined by higher order conditional Lie-Bäcklund symmetries. The resulting equations are either solved exactly or reduced to some finite-dimensional dynamic systems.

Based on a matrix Lie algebra consisting of [Formula: see text] block matrices, new tri-integrable coupling of the Kaup–Newell soliton hierarchy is constructed. Then, the bi-Hamiltonian structure which leads to Liouville integrability of this coupling is furnished by the variational identity.

This paper tests the relationships between competencies of new venture teams (NVTs) and venture performances in high-tech firms are different from those of low-tech fields. Results show that there is no significant relationship between competencies and performances in low-tech sample. Contrarily in high-tech sample: 1) NVT's leader's strategy competency relates to business growth and relationship competency relates to invest efficiency and business growth; 2) Member level's member individual competency, member complementary competency and balanced role distribution all relate to all venture performances; 3) Team level's team knowledge, team skill and team attitude all are related to business growth.

This paper develops a conceptual model including three level competencies of entrepreneurial team and environment to comprehensively understand ET's new venture performance. We specify competencies of each level, including leader's individual-oriented and team-oriented Competencies; member's individual competencies, member complementary competencies and balanced role distribution; team level's knowledge, skill and attitude. This paper also advances a series of corresponded propositions according to the model.

Most international companies utilize organizational websites as a key component of strategic human resource management for attracting applicants. This article reviews the existing literature to understand the factors influencing organizational attractiveness. Drawing from Signaling theory and Person-Organization fit, this article proposes that organizational social image, organizational work image, and organizational website image are signals from organization, called organizational signaling. This paper also proposes a framework to explain how and why the three images and individual differences influence online organization attraction.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is being considered as an effective approach to manage the distributed energy resources (DER) and provide secure and economical demand-supply balance in the face of variable electric loads and intermittent renewable generations through the local matching of energy demand and supply. However, the existing P2P energy trading mechanisms either neglect the flexibility value of energy storage units (ES) in mitigating demand-supply imbalances or fail to adequately incentivize prosumers to participate in P2P energy trading actively. By using cooperative game theory, this work manages P2P energy trading through constructing an energy grand coalition and an easily implementable core Tâtonnement algorithm is developed to suitably reward prosumers for incentivizing their sustainable participation in the grand coalition. The convergence and stability of the proposed algorithm are theoretically proven while case studies numerically demonstrate its convergence, effectiveness and local demand-supply balancing and RES absorption ability.

Bi-level optimization constitutes the most common mathematical methodology for modeling the decision-making process of strategic generation companies in deregulated electricity markets. However, previous models neglect the physical non-convex operating characteristics of generation units, due to their inherent inability to capture binary decision variables in their representation of the market clearing process, rendering them problematic in the context of markets with complex biding and unit commitment clearing mechanisms. Aiming at addressing this fundamental limitation, this paper delves into deep reinforcement learning-based approaches by proposing a novel deep Q network (DQN) method and enabling explicit incorporation of these non-convexities into the bi-level optimization model. Case studies demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method over the conventional Q-learning method in devising more profitable offering strategies.