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In order to meet the requirements of synchronous output among multiple parallel-axis in some light industry machinery and avoid the traditional transmission ways’ defects, we put forward a kind of new transmission mechanism which is called the crank-group driving mechanism. This paper introduced the mechanism's inquiry process as follows: the movement that we need is a kind of uniform transmission , we choose the configurations of mechanism according to the requirements of movement; after comparison among various kinds of mechanism, we choose the parallelogram linkage as the prototype of the new mechanism, and the new mechanism is a evolution of it; we demonstrated the movability of the new mechanism from the point of view of freedom, and introduced the configurations of new mechanism.

This paper illustrated the characteristics of parallelogram linkage，introduced the origin of the crank-group driving mechanism and its design principles, analyzed some problems of virtual constraints，and verified the feasibility of this mechanism.

The modified polyacrylamide/organic montmorillonite (PAM/OMMT) flocculant was prepared by in-situ intercalation polymerization with acrylamide monomer and OMMT under CO2 inert atmosphere. The OMMT was synthesized with MMT and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as intercalation agent by cationic exchange reaction. This flocculant was used to deal with coalmine wastewater. The effects of the flocculant dose on turbidity removal rate and settling time, the influent of pH value, temperature on turbidity removal rate and the comparison with PAM was studied. Experimental results show that PAM/OMMT is a kind of high efficient compound flocculating agent, the formation of hydrophobic micro in polymer surface area has strong adsorption ability and dispersing capability. Then MMT increased the quality of flocculant body so that flocculating settling time is shorter. Its turbidity removal rate can be as high as 95.5%. Compared with PAM, PAM/OMMT presents many advantages with higher turbidity removal rate, higher settling velocity, lower relatively sludge water content and lower sensitivity of temperature and pH in wastewater treatment process. Flocculant dosage in 10 to 20 mg/L is the optimal flocculation condition. Sludge water content treated by PAM/OMMT (63.4%) is relatively lower than PAM (80.2%).

In a cigarette silk production line of a cigarette factory, the noise of vibrating conveyor not only endangers the health of workers’ listening, but also reduces work efficiency. In this paper, the modal of the frame was analyzed with the ANSYS software. The analysis results show that the frame has torsion vibration and swing. These vibrations will bring adverse effects and noise. Through designing a vibration isolation system on the vibrating conveyor, the reasonableness and effectiveness of the isolation component were proved with static and dynamic analysis of the vibration isolation system with finite element method. At the same time, some rules what select the spring parameters were summed up. Through analyzing the isolation effect of the vibration isolation system in different parameters, these regularity conclusions will provide a basis for the noise reduction [1].

Stamping process is a complex system, in the case of determined sheets, whether it can produce qualified parts has a great relationship with the setting of mold process parameters. Therefore, whether it is reasonable, the structure parameters of the parts are directly related to the forming quality of sheets. This paper uses the finite element numerical simulation, by setting different process parameters for single-factor simulation study, combines with the designers’ experience and repeats simulations to find the appropriate range of factors, and to obtain the optimum process parameters, thereby reducing repeated mold testing and repair costs, shorting the development time of new products.

This paper put forward a kind of crank-group driving mechanism on the basis of parallelogram mechanism , introduced its concept, design process, and analyzed the feasibility of its movement. It can drive multiple parallel-axis synchronously, and it is a new way of transmission.

Vertical planetary mill is a kind of efficient grinding equipment. Due to its unique design, the materials can suffer combined effects of squeezing, shearing and grinding.[1] This paper study the feasibility of the usage of the vertical planetary mill in the field of foundry sand reclamation. It will use Solid Edge to Design and modeling, and it can provide reference price for staff.

According to the factual demand of produce, some corporation wants to enlarge the capacity of the idle from 65t to 75t. This paper aims at the changing ladle which the capacity is 75t. It makes research to the iron ladle's promotion process and stress analysis. This paper uses ANSYS-Workbench software to make the finite element analysis of the iron ladle and extracts the largest stress, strain and the location. Then this paper analyses whether the changing ladle can be fit for the intensity demand or not so that it could provide the important theory gist to the corporation

The iron ladle is a kind of large metallurgy equipments and used for collecting and carrying iron water. According to the factual demand of produce, some corporation wanted to enlarge the capacity of the idle from 65t to 75t only by increasing the height of ladle. This paper is aimed at the changing idle which the capacity is 75t and built up its 3D numerical model. According to the constant of the iron water capacity, it used the method of modeling to find the angle of the ladle taphole and made sure the ladle couldn't overturn automatically by studying the process of overturning. Then this paper worked out the overturning moment so that it could provide mechanics data for the analysis of the finite element and the reformation of the corporation.

With the introduction of Be-doped AlxGa1-xAs template, self-assembled In0.79Mn0.21As quantum dots samples were prepared on semi-insulating (001) GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. High quantum dots density was confirmed by the atomic force microscopy. The ferromagnetism of the samples was revealed by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer analysis at 10K, and the Curie temperatures ranging from 292 to 314K were able to be regulated by adjusting Al content and Be dopant in Be-doped AlxGa1-xAs templates, implying the feasible application of spintronic devices.

Electrospun blended nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated from an synthetic biodegradable polymer (poly(ethylene carbonate-ɛ-caprolactone) (poly(EC-CL)) and vascular endothelial growth factor with different weight ratios. Results showed that the diameter of blended scaffolds was 440 ± 55 nm. VEGF on the surface of the blended scaffolds was identified by immunofluorescence. In vitro cell proliferation, viability assay results showed that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) had a good growth and spread morphology on the blended scaffolds. Scaffolds electrospun from this polymer contained VEGF had a good application in tissue engineering.

This study aimed to retrospectively summarize the clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of congenital bronchial atresia (CBA) in 12 patients. Chest radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) images of 12 patients with CBA treated in the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital were reviewed. Analysis of chest radiographs revealed ten patients had hilar mass-like shadows and two had pneumonia-like shadows; most patients (n = 8) showed hyperlucency of the peripheral lung fields. CT revealed a mucocele in all the patients (n = 12); the mucoceles were round in four patients and club-like in eight. In 80% of the cases (n = 10), associated anomalies, including occlusions of the bronchus central to the mucocele, emphysematous changes of the peripheral lung fields, bronchogenic cyst, and anomalous branching of the bronchial tree and vascular structure were observed. CBA was detected in the right lobe in eight patients and the left lobe in the remaining four. No surgical intervention was performed in 5 CBA patients and the remaining 7 patients underwent surgery, including lobectomy in 5 patients and local resection in 2 patients. Among these 7 patients, 3 had a preoperative diagnosis of malignant disease, and the remaining 4 had severe clinical symptoms that could not be effectively treated by medicines. All patients were followed up, and none experienced obvious discomfort. CBA is a relatively rare and benign malformation disease. Chest CT is the procedure of choice for diagnosis. The presence of a bronchocele and surrounding emphysematous changes are typical radiologic findings in CBA. Surgery should be reserved only for patients with serious complications secondary to the atretic bronchus.

A constant-volume visual cell was used to measure vapor-liquid phase equilibrium data of 2-butanol in supercritical carbon dioxide from 323.2K to 353.2K. The phase equilibrium solubilities were predicted by Peng-Robinson equation of state together with Vander Waals-2 mixing regulation. Dependence of solubility of CO2 in liquid 2-butanol on pressure was discussed by Krichevsky-kasarnovsky equation. Meanwhile, Henry’s constants and partial molar volume at infinite dilution were determined. Also partial molar volumes of vapor phase and liquid phase at equation state were evaluated from proposed model. The correlation between calculated values and the experimental data showed good agreement.

Two heterometallic coordination polymers, {KBa(ptc)(H2O)2}n(1) and {KCaEr(ptc)2(H2O)}n(2) (H3ptc = pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylic acid) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 and 2 exhibit two novel three-dimensional (3D) frameworks, and the luminescence properties of 1, 2 were investigated.

Magnesium borate (Mg2B2O5) whisker was successfully synthesized by high temperature flux method using Magnesium chloride, boric acid, sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride as raw materials.The as-prepared product was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS). The results showed that the as-prepared sample had triclinic structure and consisted of whisker-like particles with an average diameter about 1.25 μm and length up to 40μm. XPS results confirmed that the molar ratio of each atom agreed with the stoichiometric composition of Mg2B2O5. The growth mechanism was briefly discussed.

Electrospun blended nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated from an synthetic biodegradable polymer (poly( l -lactide-co-ɛ-caprolactone): PLCL; 8% solution) and a natural protein (fibrinogen; 100 mg/ml solution) with different volume ratios. Results showed that the blended scaffolds consisted of nanoscale fibers with mean diameters ranging from 224 to 450 nm. The deposition of the fibrinogen amino groups on the surfaces of the blended scaffolds was confirmed by XPS. The hydrophilicity of the blended scaffolds were improved with the fibrinogen content increasing in the blended system. Cell viability assay and SEM results showed that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) had progressive growth and well spread morphology on the blended scaffolds. This study demonstrated that electrospun PLCL/fibrinogen blended scaffolds have potential application in tissue engineering.

Background Stent graft-induced new entry (SINE), defined as the new tear caused by the stent graft and excluding those arising from natural disease progression or iatrogenic injury from the endovascular manipulation, has been increasingly observed after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for Stanford type B dissection in our center. SINE appears to be remarkably life threatening. We investigated the incidence, mortality, causes, and preventions of SINE after TEVAR for Stanford type B dissection. Methods Data for 22 patients with SINE were retrospectively collected and analyzed from 650 patients undergoing TEVAR for type B dissection from August 2000 to June 2008. An additional patient was referred to our center 14 months after TEVAR was performed in another hospital. The potential associations of SINE with Marfan syndrome, location of SINE and endograft placement, and the oversizing rate were analyzed by Fisher exact probability test or t test. Results We found 24 SINE tears in 23 patients, including SINE at the proximal end of the endograft in 15, at the distal end in 7, and at both ends in 1. Six patients died. SINE incidence and mortality reached 3.4% and 26.1%, respectively. Two SINE patients were diagnosed with Marfan syndrome, whereas there were only 6 Marfan patients among the 651 patients. The 16 proximal SINEs were evidenced at the greater curve of the arch and caused retrograde type A dissection. The eight distal SINEs occurred at the dissected flap, and five caused enlarging aneurysm whereas three remained stable. The endograft was placed across the distal aortic arch during the primary TEVAR in all 23 patients. The incidence of SINE was 33.33% among Marfan patients vs 3.26% among non-Marfan patients ( P = .016). There was no significant difference in mortality between proximal and distal SINE (25% vs 28.6%, P > .99), incidence of SINE between endograft placement across the arch and at the straight portion of descending thoracic aorta (23 of 613 vs 0 of 38, P = .39), and the oversizing rate between SINE and non-SINE patients (13% ± 4.5% vs 16% ± 6.5%, P = .98). Conclusions SINE appears not to be rare after TEVAR for type B dissection and is associated with substantial mortality. The stress yielded by the endograft seems to play a predominant role in its occurrence. It is important to take this stress-induced injury into account during both design and placement of the endograft.

The Dapingliang Cu deposit is located at the eastern part of the Kuruketage block in NW China. Igneous rocks are widely distributed in the district and skarn are formed at the contact zone between igneous rocks and the carbonates of Beiyixi Formation. The ore is distributed in the skarn. Zircon U-Pb isotopic ages of the plagiogranite, which is related to the Cu deposit, indicate that the lower and upper intercept ages are 826 ± 23 Ma and 1886 ± 61 Ma, respectively. The lower intercept age corresponds to a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 826 ± 13 Ma, yielded by ten analysis points. The upper intercept age may represent the age of the source rock, from which the plagiogranite originated. Re-Os isotopic analysis of six molybdenite samples from L7 orebody in the Dapingliang deposit shows an isochron age of 830 ± 26 Ma, which corresponds to the weighted mean model age of 829.4 ± 9.5 Ma. The concordant ages obtained by zircon U-Pb dating and molybdenite Re-Os dating are compatible with the skarn-type mineralization at Dapingling and confirm that the deposit formed during the Tarim orogeny.

Huanong AVM is a novel nematicide, which was synthesized from avermectin by selective oxidization of the hydroxyl group at C-4, followed by the reaction with glacial acetic acid. Effects of Huanong AVM on Bursaphelechus xylophilus are reported in this paper. Huanong AVM had strong nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus , with LC 50 values of 14.84 μg/mL, 12.49 μg/mL and 11.05 μg/mL, respectively, at 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after treatment. The proteins that responded to Huanong AVM were identified by proteomic analysis. 2-DE analysis revealed eighteen differentially accumulated protein spots. Five spots were successfully identified by MS analysis, and three Huanong AVM induced proteins were annotated in the database as LEVamisole resistant family member (lev-11), ACTin family member (act-4) and Hypothetical protein Y52B11A.10. Two Huanong AVM-up-regulated proteins were assigned as PIP Kinase family member (ppk-3) and Hypothetical protein B0432.6. These proteins are involved in signal transduction, maintaining cytoskeletal structure and LEVamisole resistance. These results point to pathways that are important for the mode of the action of Huanong AVM on B. xylophilus .

Introduction Hirudin is a direct thrombin inhibitor that has potential mechanistic advantages over indirect inhibitors. Peptides containing the RGD motif competitively inhibit binding of fibrinogen to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa on platelets, thus inhibiting platelet aggregation. A novel hirudin derivative, recombinant RGD-hirudin (r-RGD-hirudin), was engineered by fusing the tripeptide RGD sequence to the native hirudin. We tested the antithrombotic effect of r-RGD-hirudin using a carotid artery reconstruction model in rabbits. Materials and methods A fusion gene encoding r-RGD-hirudin was constructed and expressed at high levels in Pichia pastoris. Following traumatic injury and anastomosis, 42 New Zealand White rabbits were randomized to receive normal saline, abciximab, wild-type hirudin, or r-RGD-hirudin. Fibrinogen concentration, aPTT, TT, PT, and PAGm were measured prior to and following the operation. Carotid angiography and pathological examination of the anastomotic site were performed to compare patency rates among the groups. Results The r-RGD-hirudin significantly prolonged aPTT, TT, PT and inhibited PAGm following carotid anastomosis in rabbits. The median dose of r-RGD-hirudin (0.5 mg/kg) had a therapeutic effect equal to that of wild-type hirudin (1.0 mg/kg) and higher than that of abciximab (0.2 mg/kg) with regard to patency rates. Conclusions Compared to wild-type hirudin or antiplatelet agent, the novel anticoagulant, r-RGD-hirudin was capable of inhibiting both thrombin activity and platelet aggregation, and was demonstrated to be effective in the prevention of thrombosis.

e18013Background: Emerging evidences have showed that immune checkpoint inhibitors lead to durable responses in a variety of advanced cancers, including recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinom...

miR-17-5p is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the specific regulatory mechanisms of miR-17-5p in HCC remain unknown. We investigated the molecular basis of miR-17-5p as an oncogene in human HCC cell lines. Our in vivo and in vitro data indicate that miR-17-5p up-regulates the migration and proliferation of HCC cells. Interestingly, proteomic and western blotting assays revealed that miR-17-5p significantly activates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPK pathway and increases the phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). Our results also suggest that E2F1-dependent down-regulation of Wip1 regulates miR-17-5p-p38-HSP27 signaling. Furthermore, suppression of HSP27 expression by small interfering RNA or the p38 MAPK pathway-specific inhibitor SB203580 decreases the migration of HCC cells overexpressing miR-17-5p but does not reduce their proliferation. Finally, we show that miR-17-5p expression correlates well with HSP27 status in primary human HCC tissues with metastasis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the p38 MAPK pathway plays a crucial role in miR-17-5p-induced phosphorylation of HSP27 and, as a consequence, phosphorylated HSP27 enhances the migration of HCC cells. Our data highlight an important role of miR-17-5p in the proliferation and migration of HCC cells and support the potential application of miR-17-5p in HCC therapy. (Hepatology 2010;)

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) appears to progress more rapidly in males than in females, and CHB-related hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are predominately diseases that tend to occur in men and postmenopausal women. To obtain more insight into the underlying mechanisms of gender disparity of CHB progress, two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis was employed to compare liver proteome of C57BL/6 and HBV transgenic (HBV-Tg) mice both in male and female groups. We identified 8 differently expressed proteins in male HBV-Tg mice and 12 in female HBV-Tg mice. Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) was found to be down-regulated in male and female HBV-Tg mouse liver. It is more interesting that the pattern of liver Apo A-I isoforms was altered in male HBV-Tg mice but not in female HBV-Tg mice. Our further results indicated that the basic Apo A-I isoform, based on pI positions from serum 2-dimensional Western blotting, increased in male CHB patient sera but not in female CHB patient sera. Finally, we identified that the oxidative modification Apo A-I mainly reside in basic isoform. This pattern of selectively modified Apo A-I isoforms may be considered as a pathological hallmark that may extend our knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of CHB progression.

Background— Retrograde type A aortic dissection has been deemed a rare complication after endovascular stent graft placement for type B dissection. However, this life-threatening event appears to be underrecognized and is worth being investigated further. Methods and Results— Eleven of 443 patients developed retrograde type A aortic dissection during or after stent grafting for type B dissection from August 2000 to June 2007. Of these 11 patients, 3 had Marfan syndrome. The Kaplan–Meier estimate of the rate of freedom from this event at 36 months is 97.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 0.99). The new entry was located at the tip of the proximal bare spring of the stent graft in 9 patients, was within the anchoring area of the proximal bare spring in 1, and remained unknown in 1 patient. Eight patients were converted to open surgery, and 2 received medical treatment. One patient suddenly died 2 hours after the primary stent grafting, and 2 died within 1 week after the surgical conversion, so mortality reached 27.3%. During the follow-up from 3 to 50 months, type I endoleak was identified in 1 patient 3 months after the surgical exploration and disappeared at 6 months. Conclusions— Retrograde type A aortic dissection after stent grafting for type B dissection appears not to be rare and results from mixed causes. Fragility of the aortic wall and disease progression may predispose to it, whereas stent grafting–related factors make important and provocative contributions. Avoiding aortic arch stent grafting in Marfan patients, preferably selecting the endograft without the proximal bare spring for patients with a kinked aortic arch or with Marfan syndrome (if endografting is used), improving the device design, and standardizing endovascular manipulation might lessen its occurrence.

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a serious limitation to worldwide crop production. Rice is one of the most Al-tolerant crops and also serves as an important monocot model plant. This study aims to identify Al-responsive proteins in rice, based on evidence that Al resistance is an inducible process. Two Al treatment systems were applied in the study: Al3+-containing simple Ca solution culture and Al3+-containing complete nutrient solution culture. Proteins prepared from rice roots were separated by 2-DE. The 2-DE patterns were compared and the differentially expressed proteins were identified by MS. A total of 17 Al-responsive proteins were identified, with 12 of those being up-regulated and 5 down-regulated. Among the up-regulated proteins are copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), GST, and S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 2, which are the consistently known Al-induced enzymes previously detected at the transcriptional level in other plants. More importantly, a number of other identified proteins including cysteine synthase (CS), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, G protein beta subunit-like protein, abscisic acid- and stress-induced protein, putative Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited protein 141, and a 33 kDa secretory protein are novel Al-induced proteins. Most of these proteins are functionally associated with signaling transduction, antioxidation, and detoxification. CS, as consistently detected in both Al stress systems, was further validated by Western blot and CS activity assays. Moreover, the metabolic products of CS catalysis, i.e. both the total glutathione pool and reduced glutathione, were also significantly increased in response to Al stress. Taken together, our results suggest that antioxidation and detoxification ultimately related to sulfur metabolism, particularly to CS, may play a functional role in Al adaptation for rice.

A novel and convenient Pd-catalyzed radical cascade iododifluoromethylation/cyclization of 1,6-enynes with ethyl difluoroiodoacetate is demonstrated. The proposed transformation presents high stereoselectivity under mild and facile reaction conditions, thereby allowing an efficient access to a variety of iodine-containing difluoromethylated pyrrolidines. A possible radical pathway for the transformation is proposed on the basis of the results of control experiments and relevant literature reviews.

Microarray analysis was initially performed to screen for differentially expressed genes between nitrate-and ammonium-fed rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves. In total, 198 genes were shown to have a unique expression response to each treatment and most of the genes for which function is known were involved in signal transduction, plant stress resistance, transcriptional regulation, and basic metabolism. Northern blotting analysis confirmed that expression of the MT and PCS genes was highly upregulated in ammonium-fed leaves compared with expression in nitrate-fed leaves and it was further revealed that ammonium-fed leaves accumulated more cysteine and glutathione. The upregulated expressions of the MT and PCS genes and the higher levels of cysteine and glutathione in ammonium-fed leaves indicate that ammonium may be able to accelerate sulfur assimilation metabolism in rice leaves. Unexpectedly, Northern blotting analysis showed that the expression of the two key enzymes in the sulfur assimilation pathway, namely adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate reductase and O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase, was not upregulated by ammonium treatment. It was found that the total content of free amino acids was much higher in ammonium-fed leaves compared with nitrate-fed leaves, mainly resulting from an increase in several amino acids such as serine, asparagine, glutamine, and arginine. The increased amino acids, in particular serine (as a central substrate for the synthesis of the thiol metabolites), may have promoted sulfur assimilation metabolism under conditions of ammonium nutrition. (Managing editor: Ping He)

Two new flavonosides have been isolated from the roots of Glychirriza glabra and identified as 5,8-dihydroxy-flavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, glychionide A, and 5-hydroxy-8-methoxyl-flavone-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, glychionide B.

To evaluate the potential role of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have portal vein (PV) and/or inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombi.One hundred fifty-eight patients with HCC who had PV and/or IVC tumor thrombus were reviewed and analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. Forty-four patients with HCC who received local limited EBRT (in addition to other treatment modalities) were classified as the EBRT group. The total radiation dose was 36-60 Gy (median, 50 Gy) and was focused on the tumor thrombi. One hundred fourteen patients with HCC who did not receive EBRT were selected from hospitalized patients with HCC who had PV and/or IVC thrombi during the same period; these were classified as the non-EBRT group, and their intrahepatic tumors were treated with transarterial chemoembolization or resection, on the basis of the patients' status. Parameters observed included survival rates and the tumor thrombus response to EBRT as seen on CT scan or MRI.Of the 44 patients who received EBRT, 15 (34.1%) showed complete disappearance of tumor thrombi, 5 (11.4%) were in partial remission, 23 (52.3%) were stable in their tumor thrombi, and 1 (2.3%) showed disease progression at the end of the study period. The median survival was 8 months, and the 1-year survival rate was 34.8% in the EBRT group. In the non-EBRT group, the median survival and 1-year survival rates were 4 months and 11.4%, respectively. In stepwise multivariate analysis, EBRT showed a strongly protective value (relative risk = 0.324, p0.001). Survival was not related to intrahepatic tumor status in the non-EBRT patients. However, in the EBRT group, poorer prognosis was significantly related to intrahepatic multifocal or diffusion lesions, and the most common reason for death was liver failure caused by uncontrolled intrahepatic disease.Although EBRT is palliative in intent, it is preferred for prolonging survival in the treatment of tumor thrombi.

To enable the space manipulator to complete the original task efficiently after any single joint fails, a fault-tolerant path planning method for the manipulator with single joint failure is proposed based on dexterity space in this paper. On the base of solving the degraded workspace, the dexterity space of the manipulator with single joint failure is established by constructing the dexterity index, and then the traditional A* algorithm is improved to complete fault-tolerant path planning in the dexterity space. The correctness and validity of fault-tolerant path planning based on improved A* algorithm are verified by simulating experiments with 7R manipulator.

This paper proposes a coordinated hybrid force/position control strategy of robonaut performing object transfer operation. Firstly, the constraint relationships between robonaut and object are presented. Base on them, the unified dynamic model of the robonaut and object is established to design the hybrid force/position control method. The movement, the internal force and the external constraint force of the object are considered as the control targets of the control system. Finally, a MATLAB simulation of the robonaut performing object transfer task verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that all the targets can be control accurately by using the method proposed in this paper. The presented control method can control both internal and external forces while maintaining control accuracy, which is a common control strategy.

Copper is important to the national economy as a kind of raw material, the Copper metal with higher purity is got by electrolysis in generally. In order to ensure the uniform space between cathode and anode when they are in electro-groove, to attain the better quality of cathode copper and raising production efficiency, verticality of the cathode and anode must be well. So it is very necessary to straighten the Copper starting sheet to acquire the better verticality, this paper adopt the roller type straightening machine to straighten the Copper starting sheet by analysis and comparison according to the material and structure characteristic of Copper starting sheet . In order to test the straightening ,this paper will use the ANSYS/LS-DYNA to simulate straightening machine to meet the need of company.

Background To discuss failures and lessons in the endovascular treatment of symptomatic isolated dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SIDSMA). Methods Data from 33 patients with SIDSMA treated between July 2007 and September 2013 were retrospectively collected. The technical failures in and lessons from endovascular management were analyzed in terms of causes and prophylaxis. Results Eighteen patients were successfully treated medically, 13 underwent stent placement, 1 underwent a hybrid procedure, and 1 had open fenestration. Full follow-ups (37 ± 21 months) were achieved in 28 patients. Failures to cannulate the true lumen occurred in 8 patients. Among these patients, femoral and brachial approaches were taken in 6 and 2 patients, respectively, and a 2-sided Fisher's exact test revealed no significant differences ( P = 0.204). Among the 6 femoral failures, the true lumina were cannulated after conversion to the brachial approach in 3 cases. The perfusion of the distal SMA was not improved until the second stent was distally placed to cover the entire expanded false lumen in 1 case. Numerous branches originating from the false lumen were overlooked in 1 patient and were apparently compromised after stenting. Consequently, the patient died of intestinal necrosis. In a patient with a huge dissecting aneurysm, a stent was misplaced across the false lumen. Fortunately, a remarkable aneurysmal thrombosis formed at 3 months. In a patient who received a hybrid procedure, the stent was occluded at 2 weeks, most likely because the thrombus protruded into the stent. Conclusions Difficulty in cannulating the true lumen is not uncommon in the endovascular treatment of SIDSMA, and the selection of the arterial approach would benefit from being based on the morphology of the SMA arch. The lengths and branches of the involvement of the false lumen should be evaluated beforehand. Covered stents would be a reasonable option for lumina that contain thrombi.

A new and efficient Pd(II) -catalyzed intermolecular annulation of N-benzoylsulfonamide with allenes for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-ones is reported. This CH functionalization is compatible with ambient air and moisture, and it can be applied to terminal or internal allenes with different synthetically attractive functional groups. Control experiments and a kinetic isotope effect study are conducted and a plausible mechanism is proposed.

The structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of GaAs nanowires have been studied in the metastable wurtzite phase via Resonant Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements in diamond anvil cells under hydrostatic conditions between 0 and 23 GPa. The direct band gap E0 and the crystal field split-off gap E0 + Δ of wurtzite GaAs increase with pressure and their values become close to those of zinc-blende GaAs at 5 GPa, while being reported slightly larger at lower pressures. Above 21 GPa, a complete structural transition from the wurtzite to an orthorhombic phase is observed in both Raman and X-ray diffraction experiments.

A new method for growing a GaN initial layer on a GaAs(0 0 1) substrate is reported. The experiments show that the optimized growth condition for a smooth GaN initial layer is to grow a two monolayer thick layer at 600°C under As pressure. The pure cubic GaN films of 500 nm has been obtained on such an initial layer, the X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence show that the C–GaN film has a very high quality. There is no yellow or DA band emission of PL spectrum and the FWHM of the X-ray rocking curve is only 10 min.

Since Parodi et all reported the first successful case of endovascular treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in 1991, the endovascular repair has become an important option for the surgical treatment of aortic aneurysms. 2-4 The occluder is a newly-developed device introduced intraluminally to block the blood flow in certain arteries. It was mainly adopted by cardiologists in occluding the ventricular septal defect (VSD) and atrial septal defect (ASD). 5-6 Afterwards, vascular surgeons found it could also be used in endovascular repair of aortic aneurysms, especially when the aorto-uni-iliac (AUI) stent-grafts were implanted. 7 Herein we present 6 patients with AAA, who were treated with endovascular deployment of AUI stent-grafts combined with a newly-designed occluder.

Although Multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) has been considered a diagnostic imaging technique that observes more perspectives for diseases, few people have applied it surgically. In fact, MPR is also very useful to clinical operation, especially for patients with type B aortic dissection. It helps the surgeon to locate accurately with more information about aortic dissection, so that the safety and effectiveness of operation can be improved. This study examined the application of the MPR in intraoperative DSA imaging for precise positioning by accurately obtaining a cross-section, a spin angle of the coronal plane, and a tilt angle of the sagittal plane in treatment of type B aortic dissection.The conventional and the MPR approaches were compared on positioning the aortic arch for surgery. A group of 40 patients (group A) and another group of 42 patients (group B) was sampled. About the comparison of baseline characteristics, a fourfold table χ(2) test was conducted on gender, and two independent samples t-test was applied to age between group A and group B. Spin as well as tilt angles for group A were obtained from the patients using both approaches, and their effectiveness was compared with pair t-tests; The MPR data guided stent-grafting in this group. Stent graft placement of group B was based on the conventional approach. Percentages of proximal distributed markers as well as incidences of complications were collected from both groups after stent graft placement. They were also compared with a fourfold table χ(2) test.Gender difference was not found between group A and group B (χ(2)0.80, P0.05), and age difference was not statistically significant (F = 2.55, homogeneity of variance, t = -1.46, P0.05). A significant difference was found between the conventional and the MPR approaches for spin angle (t = 9.17) as well as tilt angle (t = 2.07), P0.05. Percentage of proximal distributed markers (5.0%) of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (42.9%), χ(2) = 15.92, P0.05; and incidence of complications (5.0%) of group A was also significant lower than that of group B (21.4%), χ(2) = 4.76, P0.05.Application of the MPR facilitated intraoperative angle adaption and led to satisfactory DSA. It is feasible in endovascular treatment of type B aortic dissection, and can effectively and safely guide surgical operations.

A mild and efficient copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation reaction which involves the cyclization of oximes has been developed. This method provides a convenient access to a variety of useful CF3-containing 4,5-dihydroisoxazoles by constructing a C–CF3 bond and a C–O bond in one step.

Genetic study can provide important insight into the etiology of aortic dissection. To explore the pathogenesis and natural history of aortic dissection, a number of genes have been identified through microarray chip screening and undergone testing of polymorphisms to find mutations strongly associated with the disease. The results suggested aortic dissection to be a multi-gene disorder. Multiple genes probably work together to promote its development. Several diseases with a genetic predisposition are closely connected with aortic dissection, which also implied a role of genetic changes and malfunction in this disease.

The tumor suppressor liver kinase B1 (LKB1) encodes a serine/threonine kinase. The defect in LKB1 is the primary cause of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS). Inactivation of LKB1 by mutations or loss of LKB1 expression is associated with ovarian, lung and pancreatic cancer; however, the correlation between LKB1 and esophageal carcinoma remains unknown. Thus, quantitative PCR was performed to determine the clinical significance of LKB1 expression in 60 cases of esophageal cancer and its adjacent normal epithelium. LKB1 expression was observed to significantly downregulate the accompanying cancer progression, which was verified at the protein level by western blot analysis. Furthermore, the phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) level is reversibly associated with LKB1 expression. To determine the function of LKB1 in esophageal cancer, LKB1 expression is induced in TE1 esophageal cancer cells. The results show that LKB1 overexpression suppresses the proliferation of TE1 cells, downregulates the expression of cyclin D1 and Myc and represses Stat3 phosphorylation. Suppression of cell proliferation and cyclin D1 expression by LKB1 is fully inhibited by constitutively active Stat3C coexpression, suggesting that LKB1 inhibits esophageal cancer cell proliferation through suppression of Stat3 transaction. In conclusion, downregulation of LKB1 expression suppresses Stat3 activity that may promote tumor growth during esophageal cancer progression.

Folate plays a critical role in nucleotide synthesis and DNA methylation, and was considered to be associated with anti-carcinogenesis.from studies that concern the relationship between the folate intake or serum folate levels and lung cancer risk showed no consistency, which requires our further comprehensive meta-analysis.Systematic literature search was conducted to identify the relevant studies (published prior to February 2013) according to standard protocol. Estimated effects were calculated under both random-effects and fixed-effects models. Heterogeneity between studies and publication bias were also evaluated.A total of 4390 cases and 6138 controls from 6 case-control studies revealed a significant overall inverse association between folate intake and lung cancer risk (OR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.65 - 0.84, P0.001). Summary of 1438 cases and 2582 controls from 4 case-control studies and 44 cases out of a cohort of 1988 participants suggested a marginal association without significance (OR = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.60 - 1.02, P = 0.075) between high serum folate levels and less lung cancer susceptibility; however, subgroup analysis about population-based case-control studies showed that high serum folate levels significantly associated with the reduced lung cancer risk (OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.58 - 1.00, P = 0.048).Higher folate intake can be a protective factor against lung cancer risk, and higher serum folate level is probably associated with reduced lung cancer risk in marginal manner, though more studies are warranted to confirm these associations.