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Modern Distance Education is a new type of teaching style which generated with the development of computer network technology and multimedia technology. Distance Education always aims at individualized education and personalized teaching-learning service. But how to discover the valuable discipline from a large amount of learners information and achieve personalized distance education is an issue for educational researchers to resolve urgently. This thesis discusses how to apply the decision tree method of data mining technology in distance education system to classify learners in order to achieve individualized teaching for different learners.

In order to study the feasibility ofrespective control mode that high voltage side valve group and low voltage side valve group in a single poleare respectively controlled, and the merits and demerits of this mode and jointcontrol modethattwo 12-pulse converter groups are jointlycontrolled in UHVDC power transmission systems simulation.±800 kV UHVDC transmission project model is set up. The operation characteristics of steady state and deblocking and blocking of high voltage side valve group are simulated. The comparison and analysis results show that: steady-state simulation waveforms of the two control mode can be a good correspondence; the basic strategies of blocking and deblockingare same, the dynamic characteristics are similar; therespective control mode is entirely feasible in UHVDC power transmission systems simulation.

three kinds of digital programs used in power system simulation are summarized in this paper. The electromagnetic and electromechanical transient simulation software ADPSS is introduced. Electromagnetic transient simulation, electromechanical transient simulation and electromagnetic-electromechanical transient hybrid simulation are performed respectively on Deyang-Baoji ±500KV HVDC system. The simulation result shows that the electromagnetic-electromechanical transient hybrid simulation has the advantage of electromagnetic transient simulation and electromechanical transient simulation. It can effectively analyze the process of the local electromagnetic transient in large-scale grid. The simulation speed is fast and the result is accurate and reliable.

A novel Cu–Na heteronuclear three-dimensional coordination polymer, poly[diaquadi-μ5-iminodiacetato-di-μ4-iminodiacetato-tricopper(II)disodium(I)], [Cu3Na2(C4H5NO4)4(H2O)2]n, has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. The asymmetric unit contains one and a half copper(II) cations, a sodium cation, two iminodiacetate (ida) ligands and a coordinated water ligand. One of the two independent CuIIcentres is in a general position and is five-coordinated in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. A [Cu(ida)] unit is formedviaa bis-chelating ida ligand and the coordination sphere of the CuIIatom is completed by two O atoms of two different neighbouring [Cu(ida)2] units. These [Cu(ida)2] units are associated with the second CuIIcation, which is located on a crystallographic inversion centre and is coordinated in a distorted square-planar geometry by two chelating ida ligands. The carboxylate groups of the ida ligands act as bridges and connect the [Cu(ida)] and [Cu(ida)2] building blocks in a 2:1 ratio, forming two-dimensional arrays. These layers are interconnected into a three-dimensional structure by the sodium ions. Each NaIcation is coordinated by six O atoms from five ida ligands and a water molecule. When [Cu(ida)], the NaIcations and [Cu(ida)2] are viewed as 5-, 5- and 8-connected nodes, respectively, the three-dimensional network exhibits a (32.43.52.63)2(32.43.52.63)2(34.616.78) topology.

Curcumin has been reported to possess multifunctional bioactivities with low toxicity. However, the clinical application of curcumin has been significantly limited by its instability and poor metabolic property. Up to now, multiple approaches are being sought to overcome these limitations to obtaining “super curcumin”, and many analogues of curcumin have been designed and synthesized. In all of those analogues, a series of mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues deleting the β-diketone draw our attention. Since the seven-carbon β-diketone linker in curcumin may be responsible for its instability, the series of mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues deleting the β-diketone may be potential prodrug with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. This review just focuses on these more stable mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin, and shows the new class of active structure by introducing the synthesis and anticancer activity of them.

Previous studies have reported that the expression of the opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule-like (OPCML) gene was frequently downregulated in various of types of cancer. However, little is known regarding the expression of the OPCML gene in gastric cancer. The present study identified that OPCML was downregulated in the gastric cancer SGC7901, KATO III, MKN45, MKN74, SNU1, AGS, N87 and a gastric mucosa cell line GES1, compared with normal gastric tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). To investigate whether the downregulation of OPCML was due to promoter hypermethylation, the methylation of the OPCML promoter was assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Hypermethylation of the OPCML promoter was observed in the gastric cancer MKN45 cell lines, but was not as evident in normal gastric tissue. The methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine was used to remove the methylation of the OPCML gene promoter, following which the expression of OPCML was restored. In addition, the function of the OPCML gene was studied in vitro, and it was found that the restoration expression of OPCML could lead to the suppression of cell growth. In conclusion, the present study has shown that OPCML, which acts as a tumor suppressor, was silenced in gastric cancer cell lines via aberrant hypermethylation of the promoter CpG islands, which may provide a novel molecular approach for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer.

This paper aims to study the stability and stabilization of a class of discrete-time Markov jump singular systems with general uncertain transition rates. Sufficient conditions are proposed for the stochastic admissibility by using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), a sufficient condition is given to ensure the existence of a state feedback controller and an output feedback controller under the condition of general uncertain transition rates.

This paper deals with the robust H∞ filtering problem for a class of nonlinear discrete time stochastic systems. The system involves system noise, measurement output noise, nonlinear disturbance signal, and external perturbation. The aim of this paper is to design a robust H∞ filter such that the filtering error system is robustly exponentially stable with a given decay rate, and a prescribed H∞ disturbance attenuation level is guaranteed. An illustrative numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This paper presents a linear Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) MIMO Detector design for MIMO-OFDM systems based on Application-Specific Instrument- set Processor (ASIP). As part of the IEEE 802.11ac-compliant PHY baseband transceiver, the proposed MIMO detector offers low latency, high throughput with efficient resource utilization. The design has been synthesized with TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology, the logic gate count for each QRD engine is about 245 K gates. It is able to support 20/40/80MHz bandwidth and up to 4 spatial streams. Detection latency for 80 MHz VHT mode (234 data sub-carriers) is 750 ns.

To evaluate the regulating effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction and its simple prescription (Naojian tablet) on CDK4/Cyclin D1 expression in hippocampus tissues of rats with cerebral ischemia, SD rats were divided into the sham-operation group, the model group, the Buyang Huanwu decoction group (ig, 3.15 g · kg⁻¹) and the simple prescription group (ig, 2.41 g · kg⁻¹). Each group was further divided into five subgroups based on time points after the administration, i. e. 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d and 28 d, respectively. CDK4/Cyclin D1 expressions of the group at different time points were examined by using immunohistochemistry and real-time qPCR. According to the results, the cerebral ischemia model group showed higher CDK4/Cyclin D1 expression than the sham-operation groups (P0.05), suggesting that the cell cycle signal pathway would be activated by the cerebral ischemic injury. Both Buyang Huanwu decoction and simple prescription groups showed significantly lower cyclin expression than the model group at 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d (P0.05), indicating both Buyang Huanwu decoction and its simple prescription could play the neuroprotective effect through the cell cycle signal pathway.

Seawater desalination has long been recognized as an important method for the solution of the world fresh water shortage, especially seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination. Recently the issue is again being raised for the newly developed pretreatment technology using nanofiltration (NF) membrane which has special separation properties owing to the charge characteristics of its surface separation layer. In this study, two kinds of commercial NF membrane have been studied in a pilot UF-NF Integrated Membrane System (IMS). Operating conditions was investigated and the results show that NF can be effectively used for the softening of seawater and provide excellent feed for SWRO.

Few studies have been performed on the individual-specific trajectory of left ventricular aging as assessed by echocardiography in an asymptomatic elderly cohort. In the present study, a representative cohort of elderly men, who were long-term asymptomatic for cardiovascular issues, were selected from an ongoing observational aging study. Annual echocardiographic data were used to establish an age-dependent hierarchical model. Based on two-level linear regression results, four echocardiographic indexes [left ventricular mass (LVmass; −1.872 g/yr), posterior ventricular wall thickness (−0.048 mm/yr), fraction shortening (0.097/yr), and transmitral peak A velocity (−0.006 m·s−1·yr−1)] changed significantly with increasing age and were age- and subject-dependent. The most characterized results of the study were the significant, age-related, within-individual variances in echocardiographic results, which were observed using the likelihood ratio test at an occasion-dependent level. Of these, fluctuated amplitudes of two systolic variables [i.e., LVmass (con/age = −0.012 ± 0.004; P = 0.0007) and fraction shortening (con/age = −0.001 ± 0.004; P = 0.05)] were significantly attenuated with increasing age within individuals. On the other hand, the age-related variability of four diastolic Doppler variables [i.e., peak A velocity (con/age = 0.003 ± 0.002; P = 0.0009), peak E velocity (con/age = 0.004 ± 0.003; P = 0.01), E/A ratio (con/age = 0.007 ± 0.003; P = 0.0002), and deceleration time of E wave (con/age = 0.025 ± 0.007; P < 0.0001)] significantly increased with increasing age within individuals. The age-related individual variability of left ventricular indexes observed in this continuous asymptomatic cohort may reflect the mechanism of preclinical, individualized heart aging. In conclusion, successfully fitted multilevel models were applied as a valuable tool to determine the mechanism of individual cardiac aging in the elderly.

[Purposes] It aims to discover and research on the pedagogical characteristics of Modern information technology environment, its influencing aspects and the supportive role of the modern Information technology on the subject teaching. [Methods and Procedures] It is via the method of systematic analysis and theoretical research, functional development and experimental comparison as well, with a procedure of subject teaching integrating to the environments of hardware, software, resource, web-based of Information technology to establish all these inventive researches. [Results] The disciplines of information technology into the classrooms, its effectiveness will be interfered from a series of factors, such as teachers, students and the environment. It exposes the multidimensional characteristics of its richness, alternative mode, environmental openness and interactive model as well. So, to build an authentic supportive multimedia learning environment with a variety of features for the network learning environment to the creation of conditions for learning and teaching will provide good support for learners, to improve student learning motivation, thereby, promote their self-concepts and mastery of basic skills, establish a more student-centered learning process, higher input and more active processing activity ,consequently, result in higher levels of thinking and promote better recall capability. [Conclusions] Information technology can provide a wide range of disciplines to support learning, via it, the conduction to learning is a learner’s dominance reflection, which allows learners to have a greater self-acquisition and exploration of space for their individualizations and open learning styles.

[Purpose] This paper explores the problems in online courses. It gives suggestions which are self-adaptive courses generation, network concepts, content, learning content and composition of the learning process requirements. [Method] These methods are used, which are theoretical research, systems analysis, functional development and design, environmental testing, experimental control and other methods etc. [Results] The existing online courses follow the traditional mode of teaching and the learning content can not differ from person to person. The course content and network resources can separate from each other, limiting the learner's learning behavior and effects, limiting the learner's effective use of network resources. Therefore, the network self-adaptive courses are the online courses which can meet the requirement of learners who have different cognitive and learning styles. If a learner can learn according to their existing cognitive structures and learning experience, his/her learning effect and probability of success is significantly larger than the external imposition of learning. [Conclusions] Adaptive network is a kind of new course format which is Internet-based content dissemination activities, according to different learners at different levels of cognitive structures generated for different learners to learn the content, to maximize the use of a variety of learning tools to support different learning styles and different learning behavior.

The resonance frequency of the cymbal transducer ranges from 2kHz to 40kHz and its effective electromechanical coupling factor is around 20%. Finite element analysis has been performed to ascertain how the transducer’s makeup affect the transducer’s performance parameters. Two-dimensional axisymmetric model of the cymbal transducer was founded by finite element software-ANSYS, the application of the element type was discussed and the FEM models were built up under the far field condition. Eight groups of cymbal transducers of resonance frequency around 3kHz with different structural dimensions were designed. It was better for choosing the cymbal transducer of the 8mm cavity coping diameter, 20.8mm cavity bottom diameter and 26.8mm piezoelectric ceramic wafer diameter than others for reducing distortion degree of the signal and improving communication turnover in the researched cymbal transducers. It was appropriate for choosing the cymbal transducer of the 8mm cavity coping diameter, 22.4mm cavity bottom diameter and 26.4mm piezoelectric ceramic wafer diameter in order to improve the free-field voltage sensitivity and transmission efficient.

In this thesis, based on the low-carbon bainitic steel HQ785, isothermal transformation tests are carried out on the Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator under uniaxial external tensile stress state. The fully immersed accelerated corrosion tests for the specimens, with different microstructure after phase transformation are carried out. The corrosion behavior of experimental steel is evaluated, combing with OM, SEM, weight loss method and electrochemical method. The results show that the shape of phase transformation microstructrue varies from granular to lath with the increase of external tensile stress. The corrosion resistance of which is better than that of granular bainite without stress. The sample with rusty layer after full immersion seawater corrosion shows good protectiveness.

Evaluation of seed quality is the key to seed distributing and seeding of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, as an important species for pharmacy and soil conservation. Here, we study the effects of light and temperature on seed germination and mechanical and chemical scarification on breaking the seed coat. Seeds were collected in 2004, 2005, and 2006, placed in Petri dishes, and incubated at constant temperature 20, 25, and 30°C, and alternating temperature 15-25, 20-30, 15-30, and 20-35°C under either an 8 h photoperiod or total darkness for 28 consecutive days. Different methods were used to break the dormancy owing to hard seededness in this species such as chemical scarification by immersing in concentrated sulphuric acid for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, and 60 min, in 0.2% KNO3 solution to saturate the seedbed, and prechilling for 7 d at 7°C and mechanical scarification by cutting. The results showed that alternating temperature at 20-30°C with 8 h photoperiod and 16 h darkness was optimum for G. uralensis seed germinating in the laboratory. Hard seeds were broken by concentrated sulphuric acid soaking or mechanical scarification by cutting. Germination of seeds harvested in two different years was both promoted by immersing for 30-45 min in concentrated sulphuric acid. KNO3 solution was ineffective for reducing hard seeds. During seed germinating, the first count was on the 7th day and the last count was on the 14th day.

Background Ageing brings about the gradual deterioration of the immune system, also known as immunosenescence. The role of non-coding circular RNA in immunosenescence is under studied. Using circular RNA microarray data, we assembled Comparison groups (C1, C2, C3 and C4) that allowed us to compare the circular RNA expression profiles between CD28(+)CD8(+) T cells and CD28(-)CD8(+) T cells isolated from healthy elderly or adult control subjects. Using a step-wise biomathematical strategy, the differentially-expressed circRNAs were identified in C1 (CD28(+)CD8(+) vs CD28(-)CD8(+)T cells in the elderly) and C4 (CD28(-)CD8(+)T cells in the elderly vs in the adult), and the commonly-expressed circRNA species from these profiles were optimized as immunosenescence biomarkers. Results Four overlapping upregulated circular RNAs (100550, 100783, 101328 and 102592) expressed in cross-comparison between C1 and C4 were validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Of these, only circular RNA100783 exhibited significant validation. None of the down-regulated circular RNAs were expressed in the C1 and the C4 cross-comparisons. Therefore, we further predicted circular RNA100783-targeted miRNA-gene interactions using online DAVID annotation. The analysis revealed that a circular RNA100783-targeted miRNA-mRNA network may be involved in alternative splicing, the production of splice variants, and in the regulation of phosphoprotein expression. Considering the hypothesis of splicing-related biogenesis of circRNAs, we propose that circular RNA100783 may play a role in phosphoprotein-associated functions duringCD28-related CD8(+) T cell ageing. Conclusions This study is the first to employ circular RNA profiling to investigate circular RNA-micro RNA interactions in ageing human CD8(+)T cell populations and the accompanying loss of CD28 expression. The overlapping expression of circular RNA100783 may represent a novel biomarker for the longitudinal tracking ofCD28-related CD8(+) T cell ageing and global immunosenescence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12979-015-0042-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background The serum (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan (BG) assay has been approved for diagnosing invasive fungal diseases (IFDs). However, the performance of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan assay in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is various among studies. The present study aimed to assess the accuracy of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan assay in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases by means of meta-analysis and systematic review of relevant studies. Method The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (OR) and a summary receiver-operating characteristic curve of BAL-BG for diagnosing invasive fungal diseases were pooled using meta-analysis. We also performed meta-regression analysis. Results A total of 838 patients (138 with proven or probable invasive fungal diseases), included in 6 studies, were analyzed. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.52 (95%CI, 0.38–0.53), 0.58 (95%CI, 0.55–0.61), 1.34 (95%CI, 1.08–1.66), 0.82 (95% CI, 0.63–1.07) and 1.71 (95%CI, 1.01–2.92) respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve, with 95% confidence intervals was 0.61 (95%CI, 0.67–0.55). Conclusion The accuracy of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan test in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is marginal, so that the results should not be interpreted alone but can be used as a part of full assessment with clinical features, image findings and other laboratory results for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases.

Aim. To determine whether Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu prescription (ZGJTJY) has hypoglycemic and antidepressant effects which are mediated by corticosterone through adjustment of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and glucocorticoid (GR) levels.Materials and Methods. The diabetes-related depression rats were randomly divided into four groups: the model group, metformin (1.8 mg/kg) combined with fluoxetine (10.8 mg/kg) group, and ZGJTJY high and low dose groups. Four weeks after modeling, blood glucose, behavior, and cognitive function of depression were detected. The expressions of 11β-HSD1 and GR in hippocampus were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemical experiments.Results. We found that (1) the treatment with ZGJTJY (10.26 g/kg) increases the motor activities and improves cognition ability. (2) ZGJTJY (10.26 g/kg) significantly relieves the disorder in blood and the relative indexes. (3) ZGJTJY (10.26 g/kg) can reduce hippocampal corticosterone expression levels and further improve hippocampus pathological changes. (4) ZGJTJY increased the expression of GR accompanied with decreasing 11β-HSD1 in hippocampus.Conclusions. ZGJTJY inhibits the expression of 11β-HSD1 and increases GR in hippocampus and subsequently modulates blood glucose levels, and therefore it is potential property that ZGJTJY could be of benefit for the treatment of behavior and cognitive function of diabetes-related depression.

The MLD model can be created by HYSDEL toolbox automatically. It provides great convenience for the MLD research. But the number of binary variables, auxiliary continuous variables and inequality constraints in the MLD model cannot satisfy our requirements. In this paper, we proposed three steps optimization to optimize the model parameters. It can effectively reduce the amount of binary variables, auxiliary continuous variables and inequality constraints in that MLD model established by HYSDEL. The proposed algorithm was illustrated in saturation characteristic function and promising results were achieved.

Chromogranin A (CgA) not only plays an important role in pathologic diagnosis, but is also used as a circulating biomarker in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN). However, the relationship between immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression and serum levels of CgA has not been investigated. The value of CgA for evaluating treatment response and prognosis is still not well understood. We conducted this study to assess the significance of CgA in GEP-NEN in terms of diagnosis, curative effects evaluation and prognosis. One hundred forty-five patients comprising 88 patients with active disease and 57 disease-free patients were enrolled in this study from January 2011 to November 2013. The expression of CgA was assessed by IHC, and serial serum CgA levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The overall expression rate of CgA was 69.0% (100/145). CgA expression was associated with tumor site and stage (P

The Chinese attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) vaccine has successfully protected millions of equine animals from EIA disease in China. Given that the induction of immune protection results from the interactions between viruses and hosts, a better understanding of the characteristics of vaccine strain infection and host responses would be useful for elucidating the mechanism of the induction of immune protection by the Chinese attenuated EIAV strain. In this study, we demonstrate in equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDM) that EIAVFDDV13, a Chinese attenuated EIAV strain, induced a strong resistance to subsequent infection by a pathogenic strain, EIAVUK3. Further experiments indicate that the expression of the soluble EIAV receptor sELR1, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and interferon β (IFNβ) was up-regulated in eMDM infected with EIAVFDDV13 compared with eMDM infected with EIAVUK3. Stimulating eMDM with poly I:C resulted in similar resistance to EIAV infection as induced by EIAVFDDV13 and was correlated with enhanced TLR3, sELR1 and IFNβ expression. The knock down of TLR3 mRNA significantly impaired poly I:C-stimulated resistance to EIAV, greatly reducing the expression of sELR1 and IFNβ and lowered the level of infection resistance induced by EIAVFDDV13. These results indicate that the induction of restraining infection by EIAVFDDV13 in macrophages is partially mediated through the up-regulated expression of the soluble viral receptor and IFNβ, and that the TLR3 pathway activation plays an important role in the development of an EIAV-resistant intracellular environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0082-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of indocyanine green (ICG) 0.5% and trypan blue 0.1% for anterior capsule staining in cases of white cataract. Methods: This prospective study comprised 55 eyes of 55 patients with white cataract that had phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation. ICG in 30 eyes and trypan blue in 25 eyes were used under air to stain the anterior lens capsule. The staining patterns and the ease of creating a continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) were assessed; the intraoperative and postoperative complications were noted. The mean follow-up was 17.68±1.65 months. Result: Either ICG or trypan blue stained the anterior capsule uniformly. However, the staining provided by trypan blue was slightly superior. A CCC was successfully achieved in 25 eyes (100%) with trypan blue, and 29 eyes (96.7%) with ICG, respectively. There was no significant postoperative reaction in any eye. Conclusion: The use of vital dyes such as ICG and trypan blue guarantees a complete CCC and makes it possible to deliver the benefits of phacoemulsification in the patients with white cataract.

The preparation and crystal structure of a large wheel-shaped indium-telluride compound are reported. The inorganic cluster is decorated with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane molecules that play an important role in the formation of the nanoring. A related new 1D polymeric InTe compound is also presented in order to understand the effect of acidity on the formation of the ring structure.

Curcumin has been reported to possess multifunctional bioactivities with low toxicity. However, the clinical application of curcumin has been significantly limited by its instability and poor metabolic property. Up to now, multiple approaches are being sought to overcome these limitations to obtaining “super curcumin”, and many analogues of curcumin have been designed and synthesized. In all of those analogues, a series of mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues deleting the β-diketone draw our attention. Since the seven-carbon β-diketone linker in curcumin may be responsible for its instability, the series of mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues deleting the β-diketone may be potential prodrug with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. This review just focuses on these more stable mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin, and shows the new class of active structure by introducing the synthesis and anticancer activity of them.

Re-vegetation is mainly applied into regeneration in opencast mine to improve the soil quality. It is very important to choose feasible vegetation types for soil restoration. In this study, three typical forest restoration types were studied at Antaibao mine, namely, Medicago sativa, mixed forests Pinus taebelaefolius-Robinia pseudoacacia-Caragana korshinskii and Elaeagnus angustifolia-Robinia pseudoacacia-Caragana korshinskii-Hipophae rhamnoides, to determine the nutrient contents and enzyme activities in different soil layers. The results showed that re-vegetation markedly increased soil nutrient contents and the enzyme activities during the restoration process. The nutrient content of soil in the P. taebelaefolius-R. pseudoacacia-C. korshinskii mixed forest field was significantly higher than those in other plots. It was found that the soil of the P. taebelaefolius-R. pseudoacacia-C. korshinskii mixed forest had the highest integrated fertility index values. In conclusion, the restoration effects of the P. zaebelaefolius-R. pseudoacacia-C. Korshinskii mixed forest was better than that of E. angustifolia-R. pseudoacacia-C. korshinskii-H. rhamnoides, while M. sativa grassland had the least effect.

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor associated with tumor initiation and progression. AhR expression is significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cell lines; however, the relationship between AhR and gastric cancer is still unclear. In the present study, we explored the effects of the inhibition of AhR expression by RNA interference on the biological behavior of gastric cancer cells (MKN45 and SGC7901), and elucidated the specific mechanisms of AhR action in the development of gastric cancer. Results showed that small interfering RNA (siRNA) against AhR effectively inhibited the expression of AhR, and decreased the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1 and CYP1B1, which are classic target genes of the AhR pathway. Compared to the negative control group, AhR-siRNA-transfected cells showed decreased cellular growth, delayed G1-S cell cycle progression and increased apoptosis rate. Furthermore, inhibition of AhR expression by siRNA in SGC7901 cells led to decreased cell migratory and invasive ability, accompanied by downregulation of expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. Our results, therefore, suggest that AhR promotes the growth and invasiveness of gastric cancer cells and AhR may serve as a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer.

To compare the effect of three preparations of xiaoyao formula (xiaoyao capsule, xiaoyao pill and Xiaoyao decoction) on soothing liver and strengthening spleen.The liver depression and spleen deficiency rat model were established by forcing swimming, confining movement test and feeding on alternate days. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups, namely the blank group, the model group, the Cisapride group (2.7 mg x kg(-1)), the xiaoyao decoction group (1.62 g x kg(-1)), the xiaoyao pill group (1.62 g x kg(-1)) and the Xiaoyao capsule groups of high dose (3.24 g x kg(-1)), medium dose (1.62 g x kg(-1)) and low dose (0.81 g x kg(-1)), with intragastric administration for 3 weeks. The contents of NE, DA, 5-HT in serum were measured by HPLC-electrochemical detection method. The contents of motilin (MTL) and somatostation (SS) in plasma was determined by radioimmunassay. The expressions of MTL and SS in tissue were determined by immunohistochemical method.The contents of NE and MTL in the xiaoyao decoction group was significantly higher than that in the model group, while the content of 5-HT and SS was significantly lower than that in the model group (P0.01). The expression of MTL in the xiaoyao capsule group (1.62 g x kg(-1)) was significantly higher than that in the model group and the contents of 5-HT and SS was significantly lower than that in the model group (P0.05). The mean optical density of MTL in gastrointestinal tissue of rats in the xiaoyao decoction group and the xiaoyao capsule group (1.62 g x kg(-1)) was remarkably higher than that in the model group, while the expression of SS was notably lower than that in the model group (P0.05).All of the three preparations of Xiaoyao formula have the effect on soothing liver and strengthening spleen. Xiaoyao decoction shows better effect than xiaoyao capsule with same dosage, while xiaoyao capsule shows better effect than xiaoyao pill with same dosage.

Phytochemical investigation of the roots and rhizomes of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens led to the isolation and identification of 31 compounds (1-31), 25 of which (1-2, 4-7, 9-12, 15-18, 21-31) were isolated from the Pileostegia genus for the first time. 7α-Hydroxyfriedelan-3-one-26-ol-29-oic acid (1) is a new friedelane-type triterpene. The structure of n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside (2) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 4 and 12 displayed marginal cytotoxicity against the P388 murine leukemia cell line with IC50 values of 13.4 μM and 25.0 μM, respectively. Compound 23 exhibited marginal anti-inflammatory activity by the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, with an IC50 value of 32.0 μM. Compounds 3, 8-10, 25, and 27 were phytotoxic to the dicot Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and/or the monocot Agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass).

To study the effect of down-regulation of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) expression on cell proliferation and cell cycle in cervical carcinoma cell lines HeLa.HDAC2 siRNA and control siRNA were transfected to HeLa cells. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to analyze the changes of cell proliferation and cell cycle, respectively. Western blot was employed to detect the changes of cell proliferation and cell cycle-related proteins.HDAC2 siRNA significantly down-regulated the expression of HDAC2 protein in HeLa cells, resulting in marked inhibition of cell proliferation. In addition, the percentage of cells in G(0)/G(1) phase in HDAC2 siRNA group (63.3% ± 2.0%) was significantly higher than that in untreated group (29.3% ± 1.7%) or control siRNA group (29.4% ± 1.7%), F = 354.181, P = 0.000. Furthermore, Western blot demonstrated that down-regulation of HDAC2 expression decreased the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK2 proteins but increased the expression of p21 protein.Down-regulation of HDAC2 expression mediates proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest. It is associated with decrease in cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK2 protein expression and increase in p21 protein expression.

Two titanium-oxo-clusters Ti(6)O(4)(o-BDC)(2)(o-BDC(i)Pr)(2)(O(i)Pr)(10) (1) and Ti(6)O(3)(o-BDC)(2)(O(i)Pr)(14) (2) (BDC = benzene dicarboxylate) were prepared by one-step in situ solvothermal synthesis. The compounds are the rare examples of the dicarboxylate-substituted titanium-oxo-clusters. Their crystal structures are successfully measured by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The Ti(6) oxo-clusters of 1 and 2 are constructed by two dual corner-missing cube subunit, Ti(3)O(3). The two subunits are linked by double μ(3)-O bridges for 1 and single μ(2)-O bridge for 2, respectively, and the latter is a new type of carboxylate substituted titanium-oxo-cluster. A photochromic effect was observed upon irradiation of the crystals in the presence of alcohol. The light irradiation changed the color of the crystals from transparent to purple-gray. The Ti(III) signal was detected after the irradiation, and when the sample was exposured in air, superoxide diatomic O(2)(•-) radical was found. Photodegradation of the methyl orange in aqueous dispersions of microcrystals of the cluster 2 was carried out under UV cut white light with the assistance of H(2)O(2).

In the neutral title complex, [HgCl(2)(C(12)H(11)NO(3))], the Hg(II) ion is penta-coordinated by two Cl atoms, one N atom and two weakly coordinating O atoms from the methyl 2-(quinolin-8-yl-oxy)acetate ligand. The coordination around the Hg(II) ion may be described as highly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal. Centrosymmetric dimers are formed by an additional weak Hg⋯Cl inter-action, leading to a distorted octa-hedral coordination geometry around the Hg(II) ion.

Few data have been acquired on the predictive value of age-related T-lymphocyte subsets among older individuals. The present study has determined the distribution of T-cell phenotypes and their correlation to 2-year mortality in a cohort of Chinese male seniors.A total of 101 asymptomatic elderly individuals with laboratory homeostasis were enrolled at baseline. Three age subgroups were categorized as young (65 - 74 years old), middle (75 - 84 years old), and old (≥ 85 years) for age-related comparison. T-cell subsets in peripheral blood were measured by multi-colored flow cytometry.At baseline, there was a mild negative correlation by age for total lymphocytes and CD3(+) T-cells. The frequency of CD28 and CD95 demonstrated a "curved" rather than linear tendency by age. At 2-year follow-up, little change of T-cell distribution was found among those who remained alive (as survivors) comparing the data at baseline to the 2-year time point. Immune risk phenotypes were distinctly demonstrated between survivors and non-survivors.Since few studies have studied on the distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets in an elderly Chinese population, our results have not only provided reference values of T-subsets for aged Chinese men, but confirmed the immune risk phenotypes among elderly Chinese. The inappropriate age-dependent trajectory of CD28(-)/CD8(+) and CD95(-)/CD8(+) by age, which suggested 85 might be an inflexion point of age during T-cell ageing, warrants further exploration of the underlying mechanisms of T-cell ageing.

Model predictive control based on mixed logical dynamical model can deal with the nolinear effectively,avoid oscillation of subsystem switching, get better control effect. But the mixed integer quadratic programming problem caused by the logic variable leads to computation complexity and long resolving time, it is hard to meet the requirement of real-time. In this paper, logic variable in the optimal variable is handled properly, A parabolic function is added in the performance index. Resolving time is greatly reduced and controller performance is improved. Finally the improved algorithm is applied into the continuous stirred tank reactor, Showing that the method has good control effect.

Background Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor associated with gastric carcinogenesis. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a relatively non-toxic selective AhR modulator. This study was to detect the effects of DIM on gastric cancer cell growth. Methods Gastric cancer cell SGC7901 was treated with DIM at different concentrations (0,10,20,30,40,50 μmol/L) with or without an AhR antagonist, resveratrol. The expression of AhR and Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), a classic target gene of AhR pathway, were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot; cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and the changes in cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results RT-PCR and western-blot showed that with the increase of the concentration of DIM, AhR protein gradually decreased and CYP1A1 expression increased, suggesting that DIM activated the AhR pathway and caused the translocation of AhR from cytoplasm to nucleus. MTT assay indicated that the viability of SGC7901 cells was significantly decreased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner after DIM treatment and this could be partially reversed by resveratrol. Flow cytometry analysis showed that DIM arrested cell cycle in G1 phase and induced cell apoptosis. Conclusion Selective aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulator 3,3'-Diindolylmethane inhibits SGC7901 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and delaying cell cycle progression. AhR may be a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer treatment.

The new compound [Mn(dach)3]2 [In18Te30(dach)6] ·2Hdach·H2O (I) (dach: 1,2-diaminocyclohexane) is solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of InCl3, Mn, and Te in a 7:3 mixture of dach and H2O (pyrex tube, 140 °C, 4 d, 40% yield).

In the present paper, a simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was investigated for simultaneous determination of 11 components in Wu-Ji-San (WJS). The 11 identified components were ephedrine hydrochloride, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, ferulic acid, naringin, hesperidin, cinnamaldehyde, imperatorin, glycyrrhizic acid, honokiol and magnolol. The method was established using an Inertsil ODS-2 (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d. with 5.0 μm particle size, GL Sciences) column. The 11 components were separated in less than 75 min with gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.35% phosphoric acid in water at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r2 > 0.9993) within the test ranges. The method was validated for specificity, accuracy, precision, and limits of detection. The proposed method not only enables in a single run the simultaneous identification and determination of the 11 multi-structural components from WJS which form the basis of its therapeutic effect for quality control, but can also be used as a reference for the other prescription. Key words: Wu-Ji-San, traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (RP-HPLC-DAD), chemical constituents.