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The 7th Young Scientist Symposium, a meeting again organized as a hybrid online event by young scientists for young scientists under the umbrella of the European Bioanalysis Forum and in collaboration with the Universities of Bologna and Ghent, included a variety of interesting presentations on cutting-edge bioanalytical science and processes. On the morning of day 2, the meeting hosted their traditional Science Café around the theme: 'How has COVID-19 changed our future?' in which the Young Scientist Symposium organizing committee engaged with the delegates on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the careers of young scientists working in a bioanalytical (industry or academic) laboratory, that is, things they lost, for good or for bad - things they gained, wanted or unwanted, things they learned about themselves and their industry. This manuscript provides feedback from those discussions.

In this talk I will present a series of applied research projects that my group has worked in the last few years that involve the use of terahertz radiation in many fields including cultural heritage evaluation, industrial quality control, materials science, biology and medicine. I will also try to summarize the work of some other groups in terahertz applications and discuss the challenges and opportunities I see in the implementation of applications of terahertz radiation in many fields.

Giannis “Yanni” Mpourmpakis, an assistant professor of chemical and petroleum engineering at the University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, is the recipient of the Bodossaki Foundation...

The International Conference on Magnetism 2009 (ICM 2009) was held in Karlsruhe, Germany, from 26 to 31 July 2009. Previous conferences in this series were organized in Edinburgh, UK (1991), Warsaw, Poland (1994), Cairns, Australia (1997), Recife, Brazil (2000), Rome, Italy (2003), and Kyoto, Japan (2006). As with previous ICM conferences, the annual Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES) was integrated into ICM 2009. The topics presented at ICM 2009 were strongly correlated electron systems, quantum and classical spin systems, magnetic structures and interactions, magnetization dynamics and micromagnetics, spin-dependent transport, spin electronics, magnetic thin films, particles and nanostructures, soft and hard magnetic materials and their applications, novel materials and device applications, magnetic recording and memories, measuring techniques and instrumentation, as well as interdisciplinary topics. We are grateful to the International Advisory Committee for their help in coordinating an attractive program encompassing practically all aspects of magnetism, both experimentally and theoretically. The Program Committee comprised A Loidl, Germany (Chair), M A Continentino, Brazil, D E Dahlberg, USA, D Givord, France, G Guntherodt, Germany, H Mikeska, Germany, D Kaczorowski, Poland, Ching-Ray Chang, South Korea, I Mertig, Germany, D Vollhardt, Germany, and E F Wassermann, Germany. E F Wassermann was also head of the National Organizing Committee. His help is gratefully acknowledged. The scientific program started on Monday 27 July 2009 with opening addresses by the Conference Chairman, the Deputy Mayor of Karlsruhe, Ms M Mergen and the Chairman of the Executive Board of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, E Umbach. ICM 2009 was attended by the Nobel Laureates P W Anderson, A Fert and P Grunberg who gave plenary talks. A special highlight was the presentation of the Magnetism Award and Neel Medal to S S P Parkin who also presented his newest results in a plenary talk. The IUPAP Young Scientist Award on Magnetism was presented to S O Valenzuela, E Saitoh and T Kimura. The sessions were held in the Stadthalle Karlsuhe operated by the Karlsruher Messe- und Kongress-GmbH (KMK). We are grateful to Ms M Makelburg (KMK) for organizing the conference site impeccably. The conference was attended by 1552 participants from 48 countries, with approximately 50 per cent from overseas. The program entailed six plenary talks (40 min each), with 16 half-plenary and 41 invited talks (30 min) and 298 contributed talks (15 min). Extended lunch breaks and evenings were devoted to poster sessions, with a total of 1632 posters presented. All submitted papers were reviewed in order to meet the standards of Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter and Journal of Physics: Conference Series. The referees made every effort to ensure that the manuscripts submitted for publication in the proceedings reached a high standard. The tremendous work in organizing the paper classification and refereeing procedures was carried out by the Publication Committee which was headed by J Wosnitza, and comprised, in addition, Th Pruschke, M Richter and L Schultz. We also thank G Douglas, IOP Publishing, for his support with the preparation of these proceedings. We gratefully acknowledge the help of L Behrens, E Maass and B Schelske in preparing the conference. The conference would not have been possible without G Goll (conference secretary) and C Surgers (finances). I thank them for their help. Thanks also go to the many students in blue t-shirts who helped to manage the conference. We are grateful for the financial support of Universitat Karlsruhe (TH) and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (both institutions merged to form the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) as of 1 October 2009), the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), the City of Karlsruhe, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German National Science Foundation), and the European Commission through COST MPNS Action P16. Hilbert v Lohneysen Conference Chairman of ICM 2009 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany

Uttam K. Tambar, associate professor of biochemistry at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, is the recipient of the 2019 Norman Hackerman Award in Chemical Research. The $100,000 prize, named in honor of academic scientist Norman Hackerman, is awarded annually to recognize a young scientist conducting basic chemistry research in Texas. Tambar is being honored for his scientific contributions in selective functionalization of hydrocarbons. He pioneered a new approach for the conversion of hydrocarbons into medically relevant nitrogen-containing molecules. The approach has applications in the development of new drugs. Please send announcements of awards to l_wang@acs.org.

Early teenager is a stage to develop individual interest, skills, and preferences which are salient for the future. An enrichment programme is one of the approaches to disclose teenager’s interest. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of Halal Action for Young Scientists Camp as an enrichment programme for secondary school students. A week-long camp were administered by Kolej PERMATA Insan USIM to expose ‘halal’ and ‘thoyyib’ education with scientific analysis. In addition, this study also identifies the elevation of science interest through five modules that were exposed through this camp. A survey was given to obtain the overall feedback of the camp including trainers, modules and facilities. Participants in this study were 22 students in total from various secondary schools in Malaysia who participated in the camp. The data analysis was calculated using descriptive and Correlation test. The results of data processing shows that this camp was suitable as an enrichment programme through five related modules. Most of the students have deepened their interest in science after participating in this camp.

International audience; This paper attempts to construct a general framework which could serve as a common ground for the different studies trying to combine the new form of knowledge creation with the formation of high-skilled scientific and technical workers (academics, scientists and engineers). In this domain, complex interactions between higher education and research system, education/scientific policy agencies and firms play a crucial role in determining the functioning of labours markets and shaping its structure. It is one of reasons why we need both to combine its analysis with the general dynamics of innovation and to insert it into a global picture of the institutional configuration of R/D. Within such context, we will tentatively describe both the nature of new space of innovation and the dynamics of high skill/knowledge creation

The Asian Association on Remote Sensing (AARS) organizes a web contest (WEBCON) of photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences in the annual meeting of Asian Conference on Remote Sensing (ACRS) every year. The purpose of WEBCON is to promote the development of web and other forms of internet services of the internet related to geo-information sciences and to attract more students and young scientists participating in the related fields of study and applications. Since 2011, WEBCON has become one of the major events in ACRS and successfully increased the interest in the research, development and applications of photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences among students and young scientist. The success of WEBCON is an excellent example of promoting the profession of spatial information to young people.

In the article problems of the development of scientific military school in the conditions of intensification of information field are considered Рассмотрены проблемы развития военно-научной школы в условиях интенсификации информационного пространства

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) recognizes the importance of science and technology as well as contributes to the UNISDR Science and Technology Roadmap. Integrated Research on Disaster Risk served two surveys to analyze the top priority actions of science and technology to accomplish the Roadmap among a wide range of stakeholders. The surveys report that considerable progress should be prioritized in strengthening capacity building of young scientists who are crucial contributors to multidisciplinary research in the field of disaster risk reduction (DRR). Meanwhile, DRR’s higher education knowledge platforms and networks take precedence to implement all SFDRR priorities. Enhancing government engagement and legal resources is essential to promote science–policy interface and fulfill the goals of SFDRR, particularly for nations to establish state targets and local indicators. The rest of the actions are taken into account in the medium- (next 5 years) and long-term plans.

Since 2014, the European Bioanalysis Forum organizes a Young Scientist Symposium. The meeting format was created to provide development opportunities for young scientists to engage in international discussions. Creating a peer community of young scientists has been a proven recipe to lower the threshold and promote engagement in this community of young talents. At the same time, the meeting is aimed at stimulating collaboration between the European Bioanalysis Forum and academia.

Late in 2018 a young scientist, speaking at The Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong, announced that he had ‘successfully’ manipulated the human genome resulting in the ...

The neuroscience field is steaming ahead, fueled by a revolution in cutting-edge technologies. Concurrently, another revolution has been underway—the diversity of species utilized for neuroscience research is sharply declining, as the field converges on a few selected model organisms. Here, from the perspective of a young scientist, I naively ask: Is the great diversity of questions in neuroscience best studied in only a handful of animal models? I review some of the limitations the field is facing following this convergence and how these can be rectified by increasing the diversity of appropriate model species. I propose that at this exciting time of revolution in genetics and device technologies, neuroscience might be ready to diversify again, if provided the appropriate support.

DST Fast track project (Young Scientist Scheme, No: SR/FTP/ES-03/2011).CAS (Phase V), UPE-II programme of Jadavpur University. National Research Foundation and University of Pretoria, South Africa.

The liver can be thought of as a mysterious organ, because it has an elegant regenerative capability. This phenomenon has been well known since ancient times and is already applied to medical treatments for severe hepatic disorders by transplanting portions of liver received from living donors. However, it was not until quite recently that the mechanism underlying the principle of liver regeneration was investigated more deeply. Recent advances in the technologies for characterizing cell properties and examining the molecular nature of cells are enabling us to understand what occurs in the regenerating liver. After acute liver damage, hepatocytes actively proliferate in response to external stimulation by humoral factors. However, in the chronically injured liver, hepatocytes cannot proliferate well, but biliary cells appearing after chronic liver damage form primitive ductules around portal veins of the liver. These biliary cells may have a multiple origin, including hepatocytes, and contain progenitor cells giving rise to both hepatocytes and biliary cells, or represent cells that can be directly converted into hepatocytes. Although liver regeneration is more complicated than we had thought, unremitting efforts by researchers will certainly connect the numerous findings obtained in basic research with the development of new therapeutic strategies for liver diseases.

As scientists, the decision about where to postdoc is among the most important that we will make in our professional development. Postdoctoral training, after all, is where young scientists are set loose to utilize those skills obtained during their graduate studies and create a trajectory of inquiry that will guide the early stages of their independent careers. So how does a senior graduate student or a newly-minted PhD go about picking the best postdoctoral environment? For that matter, how does one decide whether or not a postdoc is even right for them? Fortunately, the graduate school experience itself goes a long way toward informing this decision. Not only is it an important formative period that develops bench skills and teaches students how to formulate hypotheses and develop effective experimental strategies, but graduate education should also provide the young scientist with a better understanding of their own interests and what additional scientific training they require to meet their career goals. When it was time for me to find a lab in which to do my postdoctoral training, I was a senior graduate student in biochemistry at the University of Kentucky in the lab of Doug Andres. Over a period of 6 years in his laboratory, Dr Andres provided a tremendous …

Physiological Society of Nepal, with support from the South Asian Association of Physiologists (SAAP), organized the 5th Biennial Conference of the South Asian Association of Physiologists in conjunction with the 2nd Annual Conference of Physiological Society of Nepal. The purpose of this conference is to bring the scientists, researchers, and students from the South Asian countries in one platform to share and discuss the recent advances and achievements in the field of physiology. Since physiology is the backbone of medical science which deals with the functions of the human body, the theme of the conference was given as "Redefining health in nature." Giving the emphasis on this theme, the conference was organized on November 10-14, 2016, in Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal. A total of 300 participants from 15 countries including the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and Non-SAARC countries participated in the conference. The scientific program of main conference, which ran for 2 days, was divided into 7 symposia - neuroscience, cardiopulmonary physiology, cellular and integrative physiology, health and lifestyle, role of physiology and medical education, endocrine and reproductive physiology, and high altitude and respiratory physiology - to highlight the latest progresses made in the field of physiology around the globe. Neuroscience symposium held on the second day consisted of 7 advance lectures and 3 young scientist presentations and poster session. Post-conference workshop on system neuroscience was held in BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.

No abstract available

Genes encoding proteins that carry out essential informational tasks in the cell, in particular where multiple interaction partners are involved, are less likely to be transferable to a foreign organism. Here, we investigated the constraints on transfer of a gene encoding a highly conserved informational protein, translation elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), by systematically replacing the endogenous tufA gene in the Escherichia coli genome with its extant and ancestral homologs. The extant homologs represented tuf variants from both near and distant homologous organisms. The ancestral homologs represented phylogenetically resurrected tuf sequences dating from 0.7 to 3.6 billion years ago (bya). Our results demonstrate that all of the foreign tuf genes are transferable to the E. coli genome, provided that an additional copy of the EF-Tu gene, tufB, remains present in the E. coli genome. However, when the tufB gene was removed, only the variants obtained from the gammaproteobacterial family (extant and ancestral) supported growth which demonstrates the limited functional interchangeability of E. coli tuf with its homologs. Relative bacterial fitness correlated with the evolutionary distance of the extant tuf homologs inserted into the E. coli genome. This reduced fitness was associated with reduced levels of EF-Tu and reduced rates of protein synthesis. Increasing the expression of tuf partially ameliorated these fitness costs. In summary, our analysis suggests that the functional conservation of protein activity, the amount of protein expressed, and its network connectivity act to constrain the successful transfer of this essential gene into foreign bacteria., IMPORTANCE Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a fundamental driving force in bacterial evolution. However, whether essential genes can be acquired by HGT and whether they can be acquired from distant organisms are very poorly understood. By systematically replacing tuf with ancestral homologs and homologs from distantly related organisms, we investigated the constraints on HGT of a highly conserved gene with multiple interaction partners. The ancestral homologs represented phylogenetically resurrected tuf sequences dating from 0.7 to 3.6 bya. Only variants obtained from the gammaproteobacterial family (extant and ancestral) supported growth, demonstrating the limited functional interchangeability of E. coli tuf with its homologs. Our analysis suggests that the functional conservation of protein activity, the amount of protein expressed, and its network connectivity act to constrain the successful transfer of this essential gene into foreign bacteria.

This article conceptually comprehends and describes new approaches to the resources of professional growth of a young scientist on the basis of analysis of scientific research trends in Russia and the world. In the paper, the problem of professional growth of young scientists is studied, related to the lack of professional guidelines and critical resources for its high-quality research work. In the article this problem is considered in three components: a) the scarcity of declared clear research policies in Russian universities as a standardized strategic element; b) underdevelopment of effective organizational forms of research, such as research networks; c) the lack of the qualitative analytics in the field of research activities. The paper describes the essence of the research policy in the international experience of university management and the prospects for its strengthening for Russian universities in general and young scientists in particular. Next, key characteristics of network and collaborative forms of research, their role in intensification of research activities and development of young scientists are considered. The article examines the role which international professional associations can play in forming research competencies of a young scientist and in building his or her academic career. In the final part of the work, modern tools and methods of analytics are considered for scientometric work and management of scientific activity, contributing to the effective professional growth of young scientists and the intensification of the research activities of scientific groups. The work is based on the study and analysis of theoretical material, as well as the results of the work of the «research policy group» within the cycle of strategic sessions of the NR TSU (2015–2016) under the direction of the Moscow School of Management «Skolkovo». В данной статье концептуально осмысляются новые подходы в отношении ресурсов профессионального роста современного молодого ученого на основании анализа трендов развития сферы научных исследований в России и мире. В работе исследуется проблема профессионального роста молодых ученых, связанная с дефицитом профессиональных ориентиров и критично важных для качественной исследовательской работы ресурсов ее поддержки. Авторами указанная проблема рассматривается через три составляющих: а) дефицитность декларированных внятных исследовательских политик в российских университетах как нормированного стратегического фокуса внимания; б) неразвитость эффективных организационных форм исследований, таких как сетевые исследования; в) слабое присутствие качественной аналитики в области исследовательской деятельности. В работе описывается сущность исследовательской политики в мировом опыте управления университетами и перспективы по ее усилению для российских университетов в целом и молодых ученых в частности. Далее рассматриваются ключевые характеристики сетевых и коллаборативных форм исследований, их роль для интенсификации исследовательской деятельности, укрепления исследовательских сообществ и становления молодых ученых. Во многих странах профессиональные сообщества (ассоциации) играют важную роль в развитии специальностей, областей знаний, профессионального образования и поддержке специалистов. В статье рассматривается, какую роль для молодого ученого могут играть международные профессиональные ассоциации как в формировании исследовательских компетенций, так и в построении академической карьеры. В заключительной части работы рассматриваются современные инструменты и методы аналитики для наукометрической работы и управления научной деятельностью. В первую очередь рассматриваются профессиональные инструменты (например, Essential Science Indicators, InCites, SciVal), способствующие ориентированию и позиционированию молодых ученых и научных коллективов во внешней научной среде, в частности, в современных тенденциях развития тех или иных научных областей, их перспективности. Затем рассматриваются инструменты, основанные на технологиях машинного обучения и data mining, для проведения внутренней аналитической работы по выявлению скрытых закономерностей внутри университета с целью выработки управленческих решений, способствующих эффективному профессиональному росту молодых ученых и интенсификации исследовательской деятельности научных групп. Работа базируется на исследовании и анализе теоретического материала, а также результатах работы группы «Исследовательская политика» в рамках цикла стратегических сессий Национального исследовательского Томского государственного университета (2015–2016 гг.) под руководством Московской школы управления «Сколково». Выявление указанных дефицитных ресурсов для поддержки профессионального роста молодых ученых представляет собой новый подход, опирающийся на необходимые направления развития науки в целом. Предлагается усилить развитие указанных дефицитных направлений, описываются возможные формы такой поддержки молодых ученых. При этом описанные дефициты и предложенные меры, не претендуя на системность, не исчерпывают список существующих проблем в области поддержки профессионального роста молодых ученых, а лишь концентрируются на некоторых из них.

Being subject to interdisciplinary questioning in the nineteenth century, the human race appears in the text of the young scientist Georges Pouchet as an issue of the construction of a scientific method based on objectivity. Confronted with the limits of nineteenth-century geographical and ethnographic knowledge, this object of study proves that the plurality of human races is difficult to apprehend using objective scientific methods and experimentation, and reflects the imaginary present in the construction of scientific discourse.

The archival papers of the eminent petrologist Alfred Harker span his entire geological career of over 60 years. These are held by the Archive of the Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences (University of Cambridge). Harker was associated with the Department of Geology, the Woodwardian Museum and post-1904, the Sedgwick Memorial Museum. Importantly, his meticulously labelled notebooks provide an unprecedented insight into his development as a field and laboratory scientist. They chart Harker's beginnings as a fossil collector and observer of sedimentary stratigraphy on the North Yorkshire coast, his trips to Wales and Devon with the Sedgwick Club, and his later work in the English Lake District with his friend and colleague John. E. Marr. This paper examines in particular Harker's suite of 20 notebooks kept up until 1894, including his trip to Edinburgh in August 1892. This visit introduced the young scientist to the geology of Scotland for the first time. An overview of Harker's experience and contemporary contacts suggests some reasons why Sir Archibald Geikie later invited him to join the Scottish Survey staff in 1895.

Young scientists, active participants in research and education process are potential representatives of professional middle class. Its presence is an indicator of positivity of current economic, social and educational reforms. Education in modern world provides socio-economic progress of society and is an important source of motivation of human behavior; it's a mainstay in solution of social problems. However, in modern society, where presence of large middle class is a symbol of solution of hidden economic problems, education is an inalienable part of formation and reproduction of middle class. The article presents results of sociological research, conducted in 2012 and aimed at assessing the content of professional activity of young scientists in terms of compliance with international standards and priorities for research activities.

At the 29th SETAC Europe annual meeting, May 26–30, 2019, Helsinki (Finland), P. James Joyce received the SETAC Europe Young Scientist LCA Award 2019. James is an environmental scientist by formation (University of Cambridge/Imperial College London), and finished his PhD in 2019 (KTH Institute of Technology, Sweden). His PhD research focused on the environmental considerations related to valorization of Bauxite residue. Herein, James leveraged his deep fundamental understanding of LCA and programming skills to assess the environmental impacts associated with complex valorization pathways.

Carlos Chagas, the discoverer of Chagas' disease was nominated to the Nobel Prize in 1921, but none did win the prize in that year. As a leader of a young scientist team, he discovered all aspects of the new disease from 1909 to 1920. It is still obscure why he did not win the Nobel Prize in 1921. Chagas was discarded by Gunnar Hedren on April 16, 1921. Hedren should have made a written report about the details of his evaluation to the Nobel Committee. However, such a document has not been found in the Nobel Committee Archives. No evidence of detractions made by Brazilian scientists on Chagas was found. Since Chagas nomination was consistent with the Nobel Committee requirements, as seen in the presentation letter by until now unknown Cypriano de Freitas, it become clear that Chagas did not win the Nobel Prize exclusively because the Nobel Committee did not perceive the importance of his discovery. Thus, it would be fair a posthumous Nobel Prize of 1921 to Carlos Chagas. A diploma of the Nobel Prize, as precedent with Dogmack in 1947, would recognize the merit of the scientist who made the most complete medical discovery of all times.

Sergey Vasilevich Goldin (1936–2007), a world-renowned geophysicist, an exceptionally bright and creative scientist and an outstanding educator, was demanding of himself even more so than of others. He often thought about his role, place and involvement in science. He wrote: “It is easy to call someone another, glorified and eminent ‘scientist’. In Russian this word has a piety shade, badly applicable to itself . . . . I would rather use: creative person.” One of Goldin’s most favourite movies was an old Soviet movie ‘Monolog’, which tells a story of a not very young scientist, leader of an academic institute who tries to summarize his life in science: “In science there are those who break through walls, and those who then spend 100 years cleaning up the splinters. And so, I am from these, from the cleaners”. This phrase can undoubtedly be applied to Goldin. During his long professional life, Goldin worked practically in all directions of the seismic method. It is interesting to look at the evolution of his scientific view at different problems that seem today as relevant and important as fifty years ago.

National Natural Science Foundation of China [40876043]; PAPD fund; China Scholarship Council [2010832427]; MEL Young Scientist Visiting Fellowship [MELRS0938]

No abstract available.

The 6th Young Scientist Symposium, a meeting organized by young scientists for young scientists under the umbrella of the European Bioanalysis Forum vzw and in collaboration with the Universities of Bologna and Ghent, included a variety of interesting presentations on cutting edge bioanalytical science and processes. Integrated in the meeting, an interactive round table session, the Science Café, discussed the challenges related to sustainability for bioanalytical lab activities. This manuscript reflects conclusions from these discussions. They can provide our community a compass for future business practices to embrace more sustainable laboratory activities considerate of smarter use of a wide array of resources and laboratory tools, resulting in increased wellbeing for our next generations and our planet.

To track the fate of threatened species, a young scientist must follow the jungle path of a herpetologist who led a secret double life.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, short rod-shaped bacterium, strain ZD1-4T, was isolated from the Zhadang Glacier snow pit. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate showed highest similarity (98.8 %) to that of Mycetocola manganoxydans MB1-14T. The major fatty acids of strain ZD1-4T were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. It possessed diphosphatidylglycerol as one of the major polar lipids, and MK-10 and MK-11 as the predominant isoprenoid quinones. The DNA G+C content of strain ZD1-4T was 63.8±0.2 mol% (T m). A number of phenotypic characteristics distinguished this bacterium from the type strains of other species of the genus Mycetocola . Moreover, the novel isolate showed only approximately 50 % DNA–DNA relatedness with M. manganoxydans MB1-14T. According to these genotypic and phenotypic data, it is evident that strain ZD1-4T represents a novel species of the genus Mycetocola , for which the name Mycetocola zhadangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZD1-4T ( = KACC 16570T = CGMCC 1.12042T).

MEL Young Scientist Visiting Scholarship [0904]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [81001680, 91028001, 41191021]

Many have suggested that young scientists are having a more difficult time getting research grants, citing the fact that the average age of recipients of prestigious grants is getting higher. We present a population model that suggests that the reason the average age of grant recipients is now higher is because the growth rate of science has slowed down in the last four decades.

In science and scientific research there is a wide spectre of fields and subfields which are not always strictly confined. Different classifications of sciences are also known. Numerous books have been published regarding scientific research, types of scientific papers and manners in which their results are published. This literature is very detailed and precise within international academic circles, especially the literature that relates to publishing scientific books and doctoral theses. However, there are certain dilemmas and in­consistencies which can confuse a young scientist when writing an original research article. After a brief review of issues pertinent to scientific paper writing, methodology of scientific research and type of papers, this paper shows characteristics and construction of an original research article. It shows a technique of writing a paper in all scientific fields and subfields with special emphasis on natural and engineering sciences and in accordance with international and domestic standards. Wider practical guidelines can be found in the cited literature, so they can be additionally used, if needed. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 36042: Optimizacija arhitektonskog i urbanističkog planiranja i projektovanja u funkciji održivog razvoja Srbije]

в данной статье автором на примере кафедры технологии и организации лесного комплекса Петрозаводского государственного университета показан опыт сквозной подготовки кадров высшей квалификации., the example of the Department of Technology and Organization of the forest complex of Petrozavodsk State University is shown through experience of training of highly qualified personnel.

как отмечает автор данной статьи, одним из перспективных подходов подготовки кадров высшей квалификации в Петрозаводском государственном университете является сквозная подготовка от студента до молодого ученого., It shows that one of the most promising approaches in training highly qualified personnel in the Petrozavodsk State University is a pass-through preparation of the student to a young scientist.

Artorpus styracifolius Pierre, arbor of the genus Artocarpus (Moraceae), is mainly distributed in several southern provinces of China and is also called “Hongfenghe”. The root of A. styracifolius was used to treat disease in folk medicine. In this study, two new prenylated 2-arylbenzofurans, namely astostyracins D and E (1 – 2, resp), together with a known one (3), were isolated from the root of A. styracifolius. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, and HR-ESI-MS). These compounds will be tested for their inhibitory effect on Cathepsin K. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81160509; 81360475), Young Scientist Development Program of Jiangxi Province (No. 20142BCB23024), and by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No. 20151BAB205074).

In the last 50 years, there have been many changes to the substance, conduct, and style of research. Many of these changes have proved disastrous to the life of scientists and to science itself. As a consequence, the near-romantic spirit of adventure and exploration that inspired young scientists of my own and earlier generations has become tarnished. Now, many of us feel beleaguered by bureaucrats and by politicians: they affect our lives profoundly, apparently without an understanding of the way discoveries are made or of the nature of science itself. The core purposes of universities, teaching and research, are being eroded by excessive administration. The number and locations of our publications are counted up like beans and the outcomes are used to rank us, one against another; a process of evaluation that has recast the purposes of publication. Applying for grants takes far too much time from a young scientist's life.