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Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusion 2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was added into the European baseline series (EBS) in 2019. There is limited data regarding the frequency, relevance, and sources of exposure to HEMA.To investigate the frequency and clinical relevance of positive reactions to HEMA in the EBS in Israel, and explore sources of exposure.Retrospective cohort study that included all patients who underwent patch testing with the EBS in a tertiary center in Israel between 2020 and 2023. Positive reactions to HEMA were stratified by sex, six age groups, and year of study. Sources of exposure to HEMA as well as occupational data were recorded.A total of 1671 consecutive patients underwent HEMA patch testing, with 135 (8.1%) showing positive reactions to HEMA (130 females, 5 males). The prevalence in women (11.0%) was significantly higher compared to men (1.0%) (p < 0.001). Stratification by age and sex revealed the highest frequency of HEMA sensitivity of 16.7% among women younger than 30 years of age, with odds ratio of 2.3 (95%CI: 1.6–3.3, p < 0.001) compared to older women. There was an increase in frequency among women between the years 2022 and 2023 when compared to 2020–2021 (OR 1.7, 95%CI: 1.5–2.1, p < 0.01) attributable to COVID‐19 pandemic and social restrictions. Among men the frequency fluctuations over the study period and age categories were nonsignificant. 111 (84%) were judged to be of clinical relevance and nail cosmetics was responsible for 95% of them. Of 111 patients with relevant reaction (110 females, 1 males), 20 (18%) had occupational contact dermatitis (18 nails stylists, 2 dentists). Other culprit products included sanitary pads (n = 4), medical adhesives (n = 3), and paints (n = 2).We report the highest frequency of HEMA sensitivity to date of 8.1%, that was most common among young women and in vast majority of cases was attributable to nail cosmetics. Our findings reflect the popularity of nail cosmetics in Israel as well as the global trend of increasing sensitivity to (meth)acrylates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPatriotic education plays a crucial role in the national policies of many countries, focusing on students as the primary beneficiaries and educational institutions as the main platforms for its implementation. Despite its importance, there is limited research on how students engage with patriotic initiatives. This study explores how patriotic discourse is embedded in institutions and becomes entangled with institutional power and affective forces. It draws on data generated through an ethnography that explores the lived experiences of 21 young Chinese women attending university. Employing Foucauldian notions of discourse, power/knowledge, and subjectivity alongside gender and affect theories, this study investigates patriotic discourse within educational sites and students’ affective responses towards it. This study elucidates the ‘everydayness’ and ubiquitous nature of patriotic discourse in educational institutions. Additionally, it indicates that while students may exhibit positive affective responses, unexpected emotions can arise, shedding light on how students negotiate with patriotic pedagogical discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAchieving financial independence from parents holds importance in the transition to adulthood, particularly in high-income countries. However, this process becomes complex for young LGBTQ+ people and those from low- and middle-income nations, especially in cases of cross-border migration. This study presents qualitative insights drawn from testimonio interviews with 17 Venezuelan transgender women, aged 19–29, who migrated to Peru. Employing a thematic analysis, we explored four key themes: (1) motivations for leaving Venezuela, (2) financial support to migrate, (3) employment challenges in host countries, and (4) family remittance. Our focus centers on the participants’ challenges in achieving financial independence throughout their migration journey. Commencing migration from vulnerable economic positions, participants often received initial familial economic support. However, once established in Peru, they faced a paradox of sending remittances back to Venezuela to support their family even amidst personal economic difficulties in the host country. These findings reveal the complex financial interdependencies and vulnerabilities that mark the experiences of young Venezuelan transgender women migrants, contrasting sharply with the experiences of young transgender people in high-income nations. The findings challenge typical portrayals of young transgender individuals by illuminating the often overlooked role of Venezuelan transgender women migrants as familial providers, redefining financial independence in the context of global inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the book "Perfect: Feeling Judged on Social Media" and explores the concept of perfection and its impact on young people's lives on social media. It highlights the pressure to conform to societal beauty norms and the culture of surveillance on social media, which can lead to self-doubt and dissatisfaction. The article also discusses the intersection of body positivity and the pursuit of perfection, as well as the role of social media in promoting diversity and authenticity. It concludes by emphasizing the need for further feminist media studies and the potential for social media to foster connections and shape a new reality. [Extracted from the article]

On 21 February 2007, 15-year-old Carly Ryan’s body was found in the waters at Port Elliot in South Australia. A highly public investigation and trial followed, during which it was revealed that 48-year-old Melburnian man Garry Francis Newman had used a false online identity to seduce and lure Ryan to her death. In its coverage, the Australian media scrutinised Ryan’s online profiles and dramatised the dangers that cyberspace posed to young women. Examining these reports reveals wider anxieties over the internet blurring the boundary between public and private—a boundary historically assumed to keep young women safe. Journalists presented the online world as being both entirely public and inappropriately hidden from adult view. Cyberspace was framed as a place where young women could “act out” (self-sexualise) outside parents’ control and invite the “wrong” kind of attention. In this article, I contextualise this coverage within historic fears about stranger danger. I demonstrate how journalists drew from the contemporary debate in Australia surrounding the sexualisation of children in media—and its gendered nature. Further, I argue that the Australian media framed the internet as disrupting the idea of the family home as a safe haven and upsetting traditional parent–child relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia’s new music, alive in some parts of the archipelago from Sumatra in the west to Papua in the east, can be seen as a musical expression, both in verbal and abstract sound form, resulting from cultural refraction through individual composers. Nevertheless, the centre of attention for musical culture is still Java and Bali, two main islands in the cultural politics of the archipelago. Outside the two, new music works and sources of creation for the respective composers in several regions in Indonesia are still less noticed, even ignored. This article explores the new musical expression in Papua, the easternmost part of Indonesia, especially in works based on the so-called indigenous music but still using western musical precepts in a very selective way possible. By extracting or being inspired by various forms of ritual in the areas, a young woman composer named Septina Rosalina Layan shapes the very characteristics of Papuan new music and differentiates her works from those of new music composers from other parts of Indonesia. The approach in this narrative inquiry is based on several paths, namely tracing her endeavour in combining oral and written processes and her faithfulness towards oral traditions so rich in vocal music. This essay proves that the boldness of Papuan new music is an idiosyncratic reopening of the musical treasures from the ancestral past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Objectives Materials and methods Results Discussion and conclusion Several robust epidemiological studies suggest that men are often engaged in sexual relationships with younger women with a variable, age‐dependent age difference. However, the ageing process determines a significant worsening of the andrological status, which favors the onset of erectile dysfunction and hypogonadism.To analyze the effects of differences in age between the partners [delta (Δ) age (M − F)] on patients referring to the Andrology Unit of Careggi University Hospital for male sexual dysfunction.A monocentre cohort of 4055 male subjects was evaluated by SIEDY structured interview. The cross‐sectional analysis assessed the psychobiological and relational correlates. The rate of forthcoming major cardiovascular events (MACE) was investigated in the longitudinal analysis. All the models have been adjusted for age, education, lifestyle, and chronic disease score.∆ age (M–F) shows a stepwise increase, according to the increasing age bands of the male partner. ∆ age (M–F) was associated with a greater number of children, at the cost of more conflictual relationships within the family. The phenotype of these relationships is characterized by the report of a partner with a higher sexual desire and a higher ability to reach climax. Men seeking a younger partner show more often a histrionic personality (p = 0.023) and higher testosterone levels (p = 0.032). However, having a younger partner doesn't improve the ability to obtain a full erection. Kaplan–Maier analysis of a longitudinal subgroup of patients followed longitudinally (N = 1402) for 4.3 ± 2,59 years, showed that patients in the fourth quartile had a higher rate of forthcoming MACE versus those in the first quartile (p = 0.005).In subjects with sexual dysfunctions (as in the general population) age‐different relationships increase as a function of male ageing. A greater Δ age (M–F) is associated with specific men and relationship features and a higher risk of MACE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents findings from qualitative longitudinal research (QLR) conducted among young working-class Palestinian women citizens of Israel who were interviewed as high school students working in precarious employment and again five years later as they entered emerging adulthood. The study examined precarious employment during high school as a central axis that shapes the features of emerging adulthood over time among young working-class Palestinian women, within the dynamic between culture (traditional expectations) and education (self-realization). QLR makes it possible to examine the structures of barriers and resources at the intersection of gender, class, and ethnonationality over time. Employing the theoretical frameworks of vulnerability and precarity reveals that the features of emerging adulthood are anchored in economic, political, and cultural structures. Reliance on precarious employment and exploitative work environments during adolescence has far-reaching consequences throughout emerging adulthood. Young women are in a state of perpetual responsibility, doubly tasked with escaping poverty and pursuing higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the first large‐scale attempts to recruit women as soldiers and officers in 1990s Sweden, focusing on the techniques and promises employed by the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF). Building on a wide range of documents and audiovisual sources, we demonstrate how the SAF utilised various marketing techniques, including advertisements and sponsorships, to attract and ‘sell’ soldiering to young women. Analysing these efforts through scholarship on neoliberal governmentality and gendered military identity, we argue that these strategies marked the onset of military marketisation, reflecting broader neoliberal trends in 1990s Sweden. Moreover, we show how the SAF's marketing techniques promised women a narrowly defined, complementary, feminine military identity that reinforced existing gender stereotypes in the name of gender equality. Our findings shed new light on the instability of gender equality policies deemed progressive and pioneering and, in contrast, the stability of the global racialised hierarchies that inscribe some nations as gender equality forerunners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is being scaled up to prevent HIV acquisition among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Eastern and Southern Africa. In a prior study more than one-third of AGYW 'mystery shoppers' stated they would not return to care based on interactions with health providers. We examined the experiences of AGYW in this study to identify main barriers to effective PrEP services. Unannounced patient actors (USP/'mystery shoppers') posed as AGYWs seeking PrEP using standardized scenarios 8 months after providers had received training to improve PrEP services. We conducted targeted debriefings using open-ended questions to assess PrEP service provision and counseling quality with USPs immediately following their visit. Debriefings were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis to explore why USPs reported either positive or negative encounters. We conducted 91 USP debriefings at 24 facilities and identified three primary influences on PrEP service experiences: 1) Privacy improved likelihood of continuing care, 2) respectful attitudes created a safe environment for USPs, and 3) patient-centered communication improved the experience and increased confidence for PrEP initiation among USPs. Privacy and provider attitudes were primary drivers that influenced decision-making around PrEP in USP debriefs. Access to privacy and improving provider attitudes is important for scale-up of PrEP to AGYW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The composition of the vaginal microbiota during the menstrual cycle is dynamic, with some women remaining eu- or dysbiotic and others transitioning between these states. What defines these dynamics, and whether these differences are microbiome-intrinsic or mostly driven by the host is unknown. To address this, we characterized 49 healthy, young women by metagenomic sequencing of daily vaginal swabs during a menstrual cycle. We classified the dynamics of the vaginal microbiome and assessed the impact of host behavior as well as microbiome differences at the species, strain, gene, and phage levels. Results: Based on the daily shifts in community state types (CSTs) during a menstrual cycle, the vaginal microbiome was classified into four Vaginal Community Dynamics (VCDs) and reported in a classification tool, named VALODY: constant eubiotic, constant dysbiotic, menses-related, and unstable dysbiotic. The abundance of bacteria, phages, and bacterial gene content was compared between the four VCDs. Women with different VCDs showed significant differences in relative phage abundance and bacterial composition even when assigned to the same CST. Women with unstable VCDs had higher phage counts and were more likely dominated by L. iners. Their Gardnerella spp. strains were also more likely to harbor bacteriocin-coding genes. Conclusions: The VCDs present a novel time series classification that highlights the complexity of varying degrees of vaginal dysbiosis. Knowing the differences in phage gene abundances and the genomic strains present allows a deeper understanding of the initiation and maintenance of permanent dysbiosis. Applying the VCDs to further characterize the different types of microbiome dynamics qualifies the investigation of disease and enables comparisons at individual and population levels. Based on our data, to be able to classify a dysbiotic sample into the accurate VCD, clinicians would need two to three mid-cycle samples and two samples during menses. In the future, it will be important to address whether transient VCDs pose a similar risk profile to persistent dysbiosis with similar clinical outcomes. This framework may aid interdisciplinary translational teams in deciphering the role of the vaginal microbiome in women's health and reproduction. 9k3PVfrRnyX1V_8jfg2U5D Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in females globally. However, we know relatively little about trends in males. This study describes United Kingdom (UK) secular trends in breast cancer from 2000 to 2021 for both sexes. We describe a population-based cohort study using UK primary care Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD and Aurum databases. There were 5,848,436 eligible females and 5,539,681 males aged 18+ years, with ≥ one year of prior data availability in the study period. We estimated crude breast cancer incidence rates (IR), prevalence and survival probability at one-, five- and 10-years after diagnosis using the Kaplan–Meier method. Analyses were further stratified by age. Crude IR of breast cancer from 2000 to 2021 was 194.4 per 100,000 person-years for females and 1.16 for males. Crude prevalence in 2021 was 2.1% for females and 0.009% for males. Both sexes have seen around a 2.5-fold increase in prevalence across time. Incidence increased with age for both sexes, peaking in females aged 60–69 years and males 90+. There was a drop in incidence for females aged 70–79 years. From 2003–2019, incidence increased > twofold in younger females (aged 18–29: IR 2.12 in 2003 vs. 4.58 in 2018); decreased in females aged 50–69 years; and further declined from 2015 onwards in females aged 70–89 years. Survival probability for females after one-, five-, and ten-years after diagnosis was 95.1%, 80.2%, and 68.4%, and for males 92.9%, 69.0%, and 51.3%. Survival probability at one-year increased by 2.08% points, and survival at five years increased by 5.39% from 2000–2004 to 2015–2019 for females, particularly those aged 50–70 years. For males, there were no clear time-trends for short-term and long-term survival probability. Changes in incidence of breast cancer in females largely reflect the success of screening programmes, as rates rise and fall in synchronicity with ages of eligibility for such programmes. Overall survival from breast cancer for females has improved from 2000 to 2021, again reflecting the success of screening programmes, early diagnosis, and improvements in treatments. Male breast cancer patients have worse survival outcomes compared to females, highlighting the need to develop male-specific diagnosis and treatment strategies to improve long-term survival in line with females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to report a case of Lemierre's Syndrome producing unilateral endogenous endophthalmitis in a healthy, young woman with a history of tonsillitis. Case report/observations: A 17-year-old healthy woman developed fever after a few days of sore throat. She later developed pneumonia with septic signs, leading to admission to the Intensive Care Unit. Lemierre Syndrome was diagnosed due to multiple septic pulmonary emboli and signs of sepsis following a recent episode of tonsillitis. During hospitalization, the patient complained of decreased visual acuity and floaters in her left eye. Ophthalmological examination revealed papillary edema, vitritis, foci of chorioretinitis in the macula and Roth's spots, confirming the diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis. Subsequently, she underwent appropriate treatment, progressing satisfactorily. Conclusion and importance: Although ophthalmological manifestations are rare, due to the pathophysiological characteristics of Lemierre's Syndrome, all patients should underwent standard ophthalmologic assessment, even in the absence of ophthalmic symptoms or visible findings, as part of a multidisciplinary management approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeMethodsResultsConclusionAssociations between age at menarche and myopia have been observed in studies that included older women. Furthermore, pregnancy-related hormone surges in young women are associated with short-term changes in refractive error, although the long-term effects are less known. This study explored associations of age at menarche and parity with refractive error and ocular biometry in young women, and the relationship between age at menarche and refractive error in middle-aged adults for comparison.Community-based young women underwent eye examinations at 20 and 28 years old. Information on age at menarche and parity were collected prospectively. The older cohort underwent an eye examination and information on age at menarche was self-reported retrospectively. Cross-sectional associations between age at menarche and myopia were explored in both cohorts. Associations between parity and 8-year longitudinal change in refractive error measures were explored in the young cohort.The cross-sectional analyses comprised 429 young (age 18–22) and 1,818 older (age 46–69) women. No associations were found between age at menarche and myopia or ocular biometry measures in either cohort. The longitudinal analysis (n = 269 women) revealed that for each pregnancy carried to full term, there rate of lens thickening increased by 0.004 mm/year (95% CI = 0.002–0.007). No other associations between parity and refractive error or ocular biometry were found.There is no association between age at menarche and myopia or its related measures. While pregnancy was associated with thicker lens in the long term, there is no lasting effect on refractive error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people training for work in the hospitality industry learn that the occupation involves taking on a role in order to handle the emotional demands of guests. This article, based on Hochschild’s theory of emotional labour, focuses on young women’s experiences in the Swedish vocational education and training for the hospitality industry. The aim of the study is to analyse and critically examine ideas about good service such as putting on an act and how this role-play is shaped by gender. The data are derived from focus group interviews with 52 young women in hospitality training programmes. In these programmes, service behaviour ideas about what constitutes good service in terms of subordination, femininity and heterosexuality are normalised. The young women do not unreflectively absorb the conditions that service work entails. However, the education gives them little opportunity to gain knowledge about societal gender order and the possibility of understanding their life with that insight. One conclusion is that service behaviour in the form of putting on an act that students learn in vocational education and training is problematic, as it reinforces power hierarchies and leaves young women to single-handedly manage problems that arise in service work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer (BC) in women aged ≤40 years carrying germline pathogenetic variants (PVs) in BRCA1/2 genes is infrequent but often associated with aggressive features. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐low‐expressing BC has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target but has not been characterized in this rare patient subset. Methods: Women aged ≤40 years with newly diagnosed early‐stage HER2‐negative BC (HER2‐0 and HER2‐low) and germline BRCA1/2 PVs from 78 health care centers worldwide were retrospectively included. Chi‐square test and Student t‐test were used to describe variable distribution between HER2‐0 and HER2‐low. Associations with HER2‐low status were assessed with logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to assess disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival. Statistical significance was considered for p ≤.05. Results: Of 3547 included patients, 32.3% had HER2‐low BC, representing 46.3% of hormone receptor–positive and 21.3% of triple‐negative (TN) tumors. HER2‐low vs. HER2‐0 BC were more often of grade 1/2 (p <.001), hormone receptor–positive (p <.001), and node‐positive (p =.003). BRCA2 PVs were more often associated with HER2‐low than BRCA1 PVs (p <.001). HER2‐low versus HER2‐0 showed better DFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76–0.97) in the overall population and more favorable DFS (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64–0.95) and overall survival (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46–0.93) in the TN subgroup. Luminal A–like tumors in HER2‐low (p =.014) and TN and luminal A‐like in HER2‐0 (p =.019) showed the worst DFS. Conclusions: In young patients with HER2‐negative BC and germline BRCA1/2 PVs, HER2‐low disease was less frequent than expected and more frequently linked to BRCA2 PVs and associated with luminal‐like disease. HER2‐low status was associated with a modestly improved prognosis. Approximately 32% of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative breast cancer in an international multicenter cohort of 3547 women ≤40 years old with germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants was HER2‐low, and more frequently associated with hormone receptor–positive disease and BRCA2 variants than triple‐negative and BRCA1. HER2‐low status was associated with slightly better outcomes than HER2‐0, especially in triple‐negative tumors, without prognostic differences according to BRCA1 vs. BRCA2 variants, though within HER2‐low disease, luminal A–like tumors displayed worse disease‐free survival than luminal B–like and triple negative tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn this paper, the author seeks to honor Joseph Palombo’s legacy through presenting two treatments of young women whose severe child abuse has caused not only PTSD, but also damage to their capacity to develop an integrated and positive identity with stable self-esteem. To provide a context for the clinical material, a brief overview of self psychology is presented. When what is called the “empathic mode of listening” is consistently utilized by the therapist, patients generally develop selfobject transferences, which function to temporarily stabilize the patient’s fragmented self. Over time, the psychoanalytic exploration of these transferences gradually leads to their internalization in the form of more integrated psychic structure, more stable self-esteem, and less vulnerability to fragmentation. The therapeutic journeys of Emily and Maia, including my own at times intense internal responses to them, illustrate in detail and depth how this process has enabled them to begin to feel an integrated sense of self and enhanced self-esteem, despite the traumatic impact of their extreme child abuse and severe PTSD. They also illustrate how a self psychologically informed treatment, often in conjunction with medication, can be a powerful tool in promoting recovery from even extreme child abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence and influence of gangs on adolescents and young adults remain a concern in Western Cape, South Africa—particularly as they have one of the largest gang presence. While less attention has been focused on young women, there is a need to elucidate the relationship between gang exposure and health behaviors, such substance use, in addition to understanding whether becoming a caregiver impacts this relationship. This study uses baseline data from 496 participants enrolled in a NIDA-funded R01 trial that recruited young women aged 16 to 19 who were out of school and reported recent alcohol or other drug use and sexual risk behavior. At enrollment, a risk behavior survey was administered, and urine drug screening was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine baseline associations between childbirth, a gang exposure index based on eight items, and positive drug screens of the most prevalent drugs in the Western Cape (marijuana, methaqualone, and methamphetamine). At enrollment, approximately 39% of the sample had a positive urine screen for marijuana, 17% for methaqualone, and 11% for methamphetamine. Additionally, 28% had ever given birth. While only 6% reported ever being a member of a gang, most reported exposure to gangs through their physical and social environments. For all three drugs, gang exposure was associated with statistically significantly higher odds of a positive screen. Every one-point increase in the gang exposure index was associated with a 31% increase in the odds of a positive marijuana screen (p <.001), a 26% increase for methaqualone (p = 0.005) and a 37% increase in the odds of a positive methamphetamine screen (p <.001). Ever given birth was associated with lower odds of marijuana use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.42–0.96), but it was not associated with methaqualone or methamphetamine use. The findings suggest that exposure to gangs through young women's social and physical environment is positively associated with drug use. Childbirth was also protective for marijuana use, indicating there may be something unique about this type of drug, such as one's ability to more easily stop use. Although very few young women reported gang membership, a majority reported some exposure, indicating the need to address how pervasive this exposure is and the potential risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the play "The Double Marriage" by John Fletcher and Philip Massinger, focusing on the characters Desdemona, Martia, and Sesse. It draws comparisons between these characters and Shakespearean figures like Miranda, Jessica, Cordelia, and Cleopatra. The play concludes with Sesse opting for self-imposed exile and assuming the role of a banished duke with a loyal daughter. The article also highlights the presence of references and allusions to Shakespeare's works throughout the play. [Extracted from the article]

Focusing on children’s right to participate, as outlined in Article 12 of the 1989 Children’s Rights Convention, there is a growing body of research on involving children and young people in participatory practices in institutional meetings, everyday life, and peer research. However, fewer are the initiatives involving care-experienced young people in social work and educational professional training, as well as in academic education. Building on these considerations, this article describes the involvement of two care experienced young women coming from alternative care experiences within the Course of Work and Organizational Psychology, Social Work BA, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy. Drawing on ethnographic notes taken during co-planning, co-delivering, and receiving feedback, I critically reflect on the methodological challenges and necessary psychological considerations of such initiatives, paving the way for future participatory training and academic opportunities for social workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adolescence is defined as a period of developmental transition from childhood to adulthood, which includes aspects of biology, cognitive, and social change that last between the ages of 10-19 years. During menstruation, women lose iron in the blood by about 0.56 mg/day in the menstruation cycle (30 days). The intervention used in this study was named Tamia (Anticipative of Anemia), which detects the occurrence of anemia in adolescents and knows the need to consume FE tablets according to their circumstances. This intervention was carried out for 30 days, which was given to young women, then re-measured the degree of anemia. Materials and methods: The population in this study was all anemic female Adolescents, which amounted to 218 students. The sample in this study was Inclusion Criteria: Female Adolescents ages 14-18. The sampling technique in this study is purposive sampling, which is a sampling method according to inclusion criteria. Results: The results of the analysis showed that there were equally significant changes in hemoglobin in both the control group and the intervention group (p=0.000<0.05). When based on the mean value ± standard deviation of hemoglobin in the control group (9.86±1.09) with the intervention group (10.80±1.47), it also showed a significant difference (p = 0.000<0.05). The average hemoglobin of the intervention group was larger than the average hemoglobin of the control group. This means that in the study, FE tablet treatment in the intervention group was able to increase hemoglobin. So, giving FE tablets proved to have an effect on respondents’ hemoglobin. So, the research hypothesis has been proven. Conclusion: : The present study showed a pure population of significant differences in the practice of preventing anemia in females in the intervention group and the control group after the application of android-based anemia prevention, accompanied by significant data on the increase in Hb levels in the intervention group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When milking machines were introduced on Swedish farms during the first half of the twentieth century, milking and taking care of cows had long been women's responsibility, and adult men seldom entered the cowshed. As dairying became a commercial operation and the number and yield of cows increased, farm wives, daughters, maidservants, and hired milkmaids continued to perform this work. By the end of World War I, however, so many young women had left the countryside that farmers had difficulty hiring enough milkmaids. When milking machinery became available, it promised to save labor and do the job more effectively than milking by hand. At the same time, adult men entered the cowshed and milked alongside women. But how were these simultaneous changes connected? This study analyzes advertisements for milking machinery in Sweden's most popular farm weekly. Manufacturers deliberately associated machine milking with images of masculinity. In the 1920s and 1930s, ads emphasized that both men and women could milk by machine. By the 1940s and 1950s, the ads depicted milking in an ungendered way, as a depersonalized technical process that was neither manly nor womanly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Susac syndrome is a rare immune-mediated endotheliopathy affecting the microvasculature. It presents three main symptoms: encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions, and hearing loss. Here we present a new case report focusing on the evolution of the cognitive profile. The patient underwent two neuropsychological examinations. The first, one month after the onset of the symptomatology, highlighted a prevalent involvement of verbal executive functions. The second, conducted six months later, revealed a global improvement in most previously deficient areas, although with the persistence of a difficulty in cognitive estimation.. This case illustrates the importance of a comprehensive analysis of patients with Susac syndrome to appreciate the whole range of cognitive deficits and reliably evaluate symptom evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Hypothesis: Pessary self-management offers benefits to women with no increased risk of complications. However, many are unwilling to self-manage, preferring clinician-led care. This study is aimed at exploring factors associated with willingness to self-manage a pessary. Methods: Women attending pessary clinic at a UK hospital were asked to complete a questionnaire providing responses on pessary use, comorbidities, female genital self-image, self-management experience and willingness (or not) to learn self-management. Based upon statistical advice we aimed to recruit 90 women. Data were analysed using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test and Chi-squared test. Free text data were analysed thematically. Results: A total of 89 women completed the questionnaire. Thirty-three women (38%) had previously been taught pessary self-management. Of the remaining women, 12 (21%) were willing to learn, 28 (50%) were not willing and 16 (29%) were unsure. There was no correlation between female genital self-image and willingness to self-manage a pessary. Younger women were more willing to learn self-management (p = < 0.001). Willing women were motivated by reduced follow-up visits. Self-managing women reported benefits including increased autonomy, cleanliness and giving their body "a break". Reasons discouraging women from self-managing were a lack of confidence; feeling physically unable; wanting clinician-led care; fear of problems or previous problems with their pessary. Conclusions: Most women were either unsure about pessary self-management or unwilling to self-manage. Age was the only factor we found that had a significant relationship with willingness to self-manage a pessary. With robust self-management teaching, support and follow-up, it is likely that many of the barriers women report can be overcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex female genital tract malformations account for 1.2% of all female genitourinary malformations. Although exceedingly rare, they can cause severe gynecologic symptoms in young women and lead to fertility problems. We present the case of a 13-year-old girl with primary amenorrhea referred for cyclic abdominal lower pain and menouria. Detailed diagnostics revealed uterus didelphys, transverse vaginal septum, and bilateral vesicovaginal fistulas. Laparoscopic left hemi-hysterectomy and salpingectomy were performed. The vesicovaginal fistula on the right side was excised, and the proximal vagina was anastomosed with the distal dimple. Since the operation, the patient has been pain-free and menstruating regularly from the right uterus. Preservation of the uterus should be considered in any case of complex female genital tract malformation and, as successful laparoscopic treatment advocates, a minimally invasive approach is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Systemic cancer treatments pose threats to fertility, leading to concerns regarding fertility and parenthood in young adult women with breast cancer (YAWBC). This systematic review aimed to synthesize existing evidence on reproductive concerns (RCs) among YAWBC and identify areas where further research in needed. Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Nine English and Chinese databases were searched for studies from inception to June 2023. A meta‐analysis was employed to pool RC levels measured using the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer scale (RCAC scale; possible total scores: 18–90). Narrative synthesis was conducted in cases where a meta‐analysis could not be performed. Results: Twenty‐four cross‐sectional studies across seven countries were included in this review. The prevalence of RCs among YAWBC ranged from 21.75% to 80%. The pooled mean total score on the overall RCAC scale was 55.84 (95% confidence interval: 53.26–58.43). "Personal health," "child's health," and "fertility potential" were the top three types of RCs among YAWBC. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors were found to be associated with RCs among YAWBC. Additionally, significant correlations among RCs, nonadherence to treatment, depression, and quality of life were also identified among YAWBC. Conclusion: RCs are a common issue among YAWBC, and age, parenthood status, fertility desire, and chemotherapy treatment are important factors associated with RCs among these women. Further research is needed to clarify RC‐related factors to provide evidence aimed at tailoring interventions to mitigate RCs among YWBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While female ejaculation is viewed as a potential enhancer of women's sexual experiences and their relationships with their sexual partners, existing studies to date emphasize the need for further exploration of the squirting phenomenon. Aim: The study sought to explore experiences and perceptions about the phenomenon of squirting in young adult women. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted between December 2022 and March 2023. Seventeen young adult women who experienced squirting were recruited using a convenience and snowball sampling. ATLAS.ti v.9 software was used for a thematic analysis of the interview data. The study adhered to the recommendations for reporting qualitative research (Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research). Outcomes: The outcomes included (1) exploring factors influencing initial squirting experiences, (2) insights gained through squirting experiences, (3) communication as the cornerstone in sexual relationships, and (4) resources and sources for knowledge on the squirting phenomenon. Results: After the analysis of the results, the following subthemes emerged: (1) first perceptions on squirting, (2) facilitating factors, (3) physical sensations and psychological aspects in squirting experience, (4) sources of information about squirting and (5) addressing squirting in comprehensive sex education. Clinical Implications: Frontline healthcare providers should undergo specific training to address anxiety related to squirting among certain individuals and enhance societal awareness while offering emotional support for diverse sexual response variations. Strengths and Limitations: Acknowledging limitations in our study of young women's experiences with squirting, a more diverse sample could provide alternative insights. Despite this, our findings contribute valuable knowledge, suggesting avenues for professional training to promote sexual and reproductive health in a more realistic and sensitive manner. Conclusion: This study explored the emotional and psychological effects of squirting on women's sexual experiences, ranging from heightened arousal to feelings of humiliation and embarrassment. It emphasized the importance of a partner's reaction in interpreting the event and the limited understanding of squirting, often influenced by pornography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure and types of social networks created by entrepreneurs are important factors influencing business performance. This study examined how social networks influence the performance of agribusinesses owned by young women, as well as the moderating effects of business environments on these relationships. Data were collected from a sample of 365 young women agri-food processing business owners in Benin. Moderated multiple regression methods were used to test the suggested hypotheses including the interaction effects of business environment. Network size, network centrality, competitive network, and supportive network each has a positive effect on the performance of agribusinesses owned by young women. Network size and network centrality are more beneficial when barriers in business environment are low than when they are high. The two-way interactions of network types (competitive and supportive) and business environment on business performance were not significant. Drawing on social capital theory, this study provides a contingent perspective of network size and network centrality in a developing country context. The findings of the study provide useful guidelines for young women agribusiness owners on which social ties to develop. Rules and regulations on taxes need to be streamlined and made more flexible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood flow restriction (BFR) has been incorporated in resistance training for over 20 years. We aimed to investigate the impact of low‐intensity suspension training with BFR (LIST+BFR) on GH, IGF‐1, and their association with physical fitness in young women. Thirty‐six active women participated and were randomly assigned to either the high‐intensity suspension training (HIST), LIST+BFR, or control (CON) groups. Training groups exercised three sessions weekly for 8 weeks. The CON only engaged in regular physical activity. Fasting serum hormones and physical fitness were assessed 48 h before and after the training intervention. GH and IGF‐1 levels significantly higher in the LIST+BFR compared to the HIST and CON. These hormones were significantly higher by HIST, compared to CON. LIST+BFR led to significant enhancements in muscular strength and endurance compared to HIST and CON. Additionally, HIST significantly higher than compared to CON. Sprinting and agility time lower in both suspension training groups rather than the CON. No significant between‐groups differences were found in weight. There was a large or moderate correlation between GH and IGF‐1 and muscular strength, endurance, sprint, and agility performance. LIST+BFR could more enhanced GH, IGF‐1, and muscular strength and endurance in females than HIST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluate the Empowerment and Livelihood for Adolescents programme that combines life and livelihood skills trainings with a safe space where young women can network and learn. The same multifaceted intervention was highly effective in raising adolescent girls' economic and social empowerment when implemented in Uganda. In contrast, this randomised evaluation, using panel data on more than 3100 adolescents, finds no programme impact on any economic, health, or social outcomes in Tanzania. We propose implementation quality as one plausible explanation of why the programme's effectiveness could not be successfully replicated in Tanzania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female development includes significant morphological changes across the breast. Yet, whether differences in breast surface area (BrSA) modify sweat gland density and output remains unclear. The present study investigated the relationship between BrSA and sweat gland density and output in 22 young to middle‐aged women (28±$\ \pm \ $10 years) of varying breast sizes (BrSA range: 147–561 cm2) during a submaximal run in a warm environment (32 ±$ \pm \ $0.6°C; 53 ±$ \pm \ $1.7% relative humidity). Local sweat gland density and local sweat rate (LSR) above and below the nipple and at the bra triangle were measured. Expired gases were monitored for the estimation of evaporative requirements for heat balance (Ereq, in W/m2). Associations between BrSA and (i) sweat gland density; (ii) LSR; and (iii) sweat output per gland for the breast sites were determined via correlation and regression analyses. Our results indicated that breast sweat gland density decreased linearly as BrSA increased (r = −0.76, P < 0.001), whereas sweat output per gland remained constant irrespective of BrSA (r = 0.29, P = 0.28). This resulted in LSR decreasing linearly as BrSA increased (r = −0.62, P = 0.01). Compared to the bra triangle, the breast had a 64% lower sweat gland density (P < 0.001), 83% lower LSR (P < 0.001) and 53% lower output per gland (P < 0.001). BrSA (R2 = 0.33, P = 0.015) explained a greater proportion of variance in LSR than Ereq (in W/m2) (R2 = 0.07, P = 0.538). These novel findings extend the known relationship between body morphology and sweat gland density and LSR, to the female breast. This knowledge could innovate user‐centred design of sports bras by accommodating breast size‐specific needs for sweat management, skin wetness perception and comfort. What is the central question of this study?How do differences in breast surface area impact sweat gland density and output across the breast of healthy women during running in the heat?What is the main finding and its importance?There was a novel relationship between breast morphology and sweat gland density and output such that gland density and local sweat rates decreased linearly as breast surface area increased. Furthermore, the breast had lower sweat gland density and output than the bra triangle. This knowledge could inform user‐centred design of sports bras through a better understanding of breast size‐specific thermal needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses survey data to explore ecologists' willingness to prioritize the behavioral goal of considering local community members' perspectives in the context of research at Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites. It finds that believing in the benefits of such listening is a relatively strong statistical predictor of expressing a willingness to prioritize listening. Neither normative beliefs nor agency beliefs were strong correlates of prioritizing listening. Women and younger scientists were more willing to prioritize listening as a goal. The study builds on the "strategic science communication as planned behavior" approach to try to better understand scientists' communication choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral PrEP is highly effective against the acquisition of HIV but is underutilised by young women. New options, like the monthly dapivirine vaginal ring (DVR) and injectable long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA), are emerging. However, little is known about young women’s perceptions of these alternatives. This qualitative study explored perceptions of the attributes of PrEP technologies in South Africa. Young women accessing sexual health services were purposively selected to participate in 22 in-depth interviews, five focus group discussions and two workshops using the nominal group technique, between August 2022 and March 2023. A thematic approach guided by the diffusion of innovation attributes, including relative advantage, compatibility with the student's lives, complexity of the technology, and trialability, was used for data analysis. The DVR was the least preferred because of lower efficacy, the perceived complexity of inserting it in the vagina and some safety concerns. Oral PrEP, which some had tried and discontinued, was least compatible with students’ busy schedules. Integrating PrEP and contraceptives with similar return visit patterns could enhance service delivery. Intensive demand creation campaigns will be needed to increase PrEP utilisation and dispel myths about the vaginal ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus leishmania. Atypical presentation and widespread progression of the lesions may be seen in an immunocompromised patient. We report a case of atypical and widespread cutaneous leishmaniasis in a young woman with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the emergent and polarising representations of women on social media by analysing the issue of #StayAtHomeGirlfriends (SAHGF) profiles on TikTok. These profiles depict young women showcasing their domestic lives, emphasising activities such as cooking, cleaning, relaxing, meditating and exercising while being financially supported by their partners. The SAHGF trend emerged on TikTok in 2022 and received over 328.3 million views in one year. The research method involved a thematic analysis of three TikTok SAHGF case studies from different social contexts, focusing on both the creators' self-representations and the audience's reception, as reflected in user comments. The findings point to a contradictory relationship with instances of postfeminism and popular feminism, showing the use of social media as gender learning environments, where digital creators become informal educators transmitting norms, values and lifestyles, but also 'triggers' for dialogue and critical discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) mainly affects obese young women, causing elevated intracranial pressure, headaches, and papilledema, risking vision loss and severe headaches. Despite weight loss as the primary treatment, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent research explores novel therapeutic targets. Aims: This review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of IIH's pathophysiology and clinical features to inform pathogenesis and improve treatment strategies. Methods: Recent publications on IIH were searched and summarized using PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE. Results: The review highlights potential pathomechanisms and therapeutic advances in IIH. Conclusion: IIH incidence is rising, with growing evidence linking it to metabolic and hormonal disturbances. Early diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of girls' and women's football in Africa, coupled with increased professionalisation in Europe and the United States, has led to rising international migration of African female players. This trend reflects the longer standing culture of independent, transnational migration among African women since the late 1980s and of enlarged possibilities and responsibilities triggered by neoliberal reform across the continent. This article explores how these sporting, cultural and economic transformations have coalesced to influence the aspirations and agency of female youth and young women in Ghana. To do so, we draw on original data from ethnographic fieldwork in Ghana, Sweden and Denmark undertaken between 2015 and 2021. Our findings reveal that for ambitious, talented female footballers, transnational football migration is increasingly viewed as a speculative route to improve ones' life chances and negotiate intergenerational responsibilities to family. Significantly, the article also illustrates that in seeking to produce this highly prized form of migration, they must carefully navigate gendered social norms and hierarchies related to 'respectable' career and life trajectories. The conclusion proposes a critical research agenda to explore the interplay between sporting opportunities, migration aspirations and diverse socioeconomic conditions in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the relationship between young women's attitudes towards dating violence and internalized misogyny. This study used descriptive and relational design. The target population of the study was all young women aged between 18 and 24 years who lived in Turkey. A total of 288 individuals were accessed in the study. Data were collected through the "Personal Information Form" developed by the researchers, "Attitudes towards Dating Violence Scales", and the "Internalized Misogyny Scale". Participating young women's Attitudes Towards Male Psychological Dating Violence Scale mean score and the Internalized Misogyny Scale mean score demonstrated a positive and medium level relationship (p<0.01. r:0.412), and a positive and weak correlation was detected with Devaluing of Women (p<0.01. r:0.374), Distrust of Women (p<0.01. r:0.341), and gender bias in favor of men (p<0.01. r:0.321) sub-scale mean scores. This study found that although the level was weak, there was a correlation between internalized misogyny and dating violence, and the increase in internalized misogyny increased the acceptance of dating violence in young women. • No study has been found in the literature examining the relationship between internalized misogyny and dating violence. • This study revealed a significant relationship between internalized misogyny and dating violence. • Determination of the relationship between attitudes towards dating violence and internalized misogyny could provide an important contribution to the solution to the problem by providing young women with education/consultancy as well as change/empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent European data show an increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs), particularly N. gonorrhoeae, among young heterosexuals, surpassing pre-pandemic numbers. Italy's varied local health restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic likely affected STI management and reporting. To evaluate COVID-19's impact on STI spread in Italy, we analyzed microbiological data from before and during the pandemic in an area with minimal restrictions on clinical services. This retrospective study (2017–2022) included 5503 subjects: 2586 from STI clinics (STD group) and 3687 diagnosed with primary infertility (ART group). Samples were tested for Mycoplasmas/Ureaplasmas, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and T. vaginalis by a multiplex PCR. During the pandemic, overall STI prevalence increased significantly (p < 0.01). U. parvum was the most frequent microorganism in the STD group (26.1% vs. 23.9%), with a notable increase in women (52.1% vs. 32.7%) (p < 0.001). C. trachomatis and M. hominis positive rates decreased significantly (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). N. gonorrhoeae cases rose among young people (19–29), predominantly heterosexual, with high ciprofloxacin resistance. In the ART group, U. parvum was the most common infection, particularly in young infertile women (p = 0.01). This study indicates a notable rise in STIs among young people, including heterosexuals, despite social restrictions. The long-term impact of this trend requires further evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In mid-2022 Australia's National Cervical Screening Program made self-collection of a vaginal sample an option for screening for young women or people with a cervix aged 25 to 29 years for the first time. This study explored what young women thought about, and wanted to know about, self-collection, and what their future screening preferences are. Methods: Young women (n = 21), aged 24–29 years, were recruited through social media. Semi-structured interviews explored screening history, screening preferences and thoughts about self-collection. Data were analysed using an a priori coding framework informed by the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. Results: Young women valued the addition of self-collection to the national cervical screening program, believing it to be less invasive and more convenient. However, they also valued the choice to opt for a clinician-collected specimen if preferred. Conclusions: Self-collection is a valuable addition to the National Cervical Screening Program. This study suggests that continued efforts are needed to raise awareness of its availability, and improve understanding about its accuracy, the ease of collection, that you still need to engage with a primary healthcare service to access it and that you can still opt for a clinician-collected test. Now available for the first time to young women and people with a cervix (aged 25–29 years), self-collection cervical screening is a safe, accurate and easy method to complete regular cervical screening without the use of a speculum. However, the best ways to communicate and promote self-collection to this age group has not been researched. This is important, because self-collection creates a positive screening experience, and will encourage young people to continue screening throughout their life, ultimately preventing cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Young women breast cancer survivors face unique challenges in navigating diagnosis and treatment information while also navigating their own life demands (i.e., fertility, childcare, careers). Special consideration to printed and online cancer educational materials distributed to young women should be evaluated for their suitability, but few studies have investigated the educational preferences and needs of young women cancer survivors. We sought to explore young women breast cancer survivors' needs and preferences regarding cancer educational material from diagnosis to survivorship. We used a qualitative design with convenience sampling of young women breast cancer survivors who completed active treatment at a medical center within the last 5 years to participate in semi-structured online focus groups from November 2020 to May 2021. Thirty-three young women (75.8% White, 12.1% Black, 12.1% other) participated in one of seven online focus groups, each lasting approximately 2 h. Four dominant themes emerged from the data: (1) initial interaction with online materials; (2) reasons for seeking printed and online materials; (3) disconnection of visuals; and (4) recommendations. Our findings revealed that young women were initially hesitant to seek online information, but later sought printed and online information after specific endorsement of materials. Current breast cancer materials lack content specific to young women's needs (i.e., reconstruction options), and graphics have little age and racial diversity. Oncology nurses may consider novel methods of education delivery, such as short videos to be shared easily on social media for specific content like scarring results and reconstruction options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth seeking care continues to increase, necessitating comprehensive counseling about potential long-term effects of gender-affirming medical interventions on fertility. The objective of this narrative review was to examine fertility-related knowledge, attitudes, and decision-making (including factors influencing decisions, decision regret, and decision tools) among TGD youth. We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar for original, peer-reviewed research investigating TGD youth attitudes and knowledge of fertility and fertility preservation, perspectives on fertility counseling and fertility preservation decision-making, as well as fertility-related decision tools. We reviewed 106 studies; eight were included in this narrative review. Four studies assessed TGD youth knowledge and attitudes of fertility and fertility preservation, three examined perspectives on fertility counseling and fertility preservation decision-making, and three discussed development of decision tools. Key findings were that: (1) many TGD youth are aware of potential fertility-related impacts of gender-affirming treatments, but there are still unmet informational needs, (2) some TGD youth report an interest in future biological parenthood, and of those who are not currently interested in biological parenthood, many acknowledge their desires may change over time, (3) ongoing discussions about fertility and fertility preservation are critical, and (4) decision tools are in development. In conclusion, TGD youth and their caregivers should receive ongoing, comprehensive fertility counseling and decision tools may be helpful to facilitate these discussions and decisions in each youth's gender-affirming care journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Genetic testing for gene mutations which elevate risk for breast cancer is particularly important for women diagnosed at a young age. Differences remain in access and utilization to testing across social groups, and research on the predictors of interest in genetic testing for women diagnosed at a young age is limited. Methods: We examined the relationships between subjective social status (SSS) and variables previously identified as possible predictors of genetic testing, including genome sequencing knowledge, genetic worry, cancer worry, health consciousness, decision-making preferences, genetic self-efficacy, genetic-related beliefs, and subjective numeracy, among a cohort of women who were diagnosed with breast cancer at a young age. Results: In this sample (n = 1,076), those who had higher SSS had significantly higher knowledge about the limitations of genome sequencing (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.01−1.21) and significantly higher informational norms (OR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.19−3.14) than those with lower SSS. Similarly, education (OR = 2.75; 95% CI = 1.79−4.22), health status (OR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.44−3.31) were significant predictors among higher SSS women compared to lower SSS women in our multivariate analysis. Lower SSS women with low self-reported income (OR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.08−0.20) had lower odds of genetic testing interest. Our results are consistent with some prior research utilizing proxy indicators for socioeconomic status, but our research adds the importance of using a multidimensional indicator such as SSS to examine cancer and genetic testing predictor outcomes. Conclusion: To develop interventions to improve genetic knowledge, researchers should consider the social status and contexts of women diagnosed with breast cancer at a young age (or before 40 years old) to ensure equity in the distribution of genetic testing benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We build on growing evidence to show that substance use and watching pornographic material are key factors that influence transactional sex. We draw on a sample of 532 young women (10-24 years) enrolled in the Uganda Youth Development Link Programme from Central Uganda. The odds of watching pornographic material (aOR=3.77; 95%CI=1.76-8.09) and substance use (aOR=3.28; 95%CI=1.96-5.48) were higher for facilitating transactional sex among young women – reaffirming that substance use and watching pornographic material are risk factors for transactional sex in low-resource settings. Efforts to address the sexual and reproductive health needs of young people in Uganda, should consider this unique risk factor profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We apply a Bourdieusian lens to understand the reproduction of a patriarchal illusio that works to maintain violence-supportive attitudes and concurrent low levels of support for gender equality among young people. We analyze interview and focus group data collected with young women and men and conclude that we must disrupt the reproduction of patriarchal norms by: recognizing the intentional operation of backlash by men's rights activist groups that undermine attempts to transform society; ensuring girls' and women's safety on new technologies to reduce their exposure to sexism and violence; and introducing prevention early to disrupt misogynist social norms being internalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite some positive developments within policy and practice, the over-representation of care-experienced children in the youth justice system remains of significant concern globally. Moreover, there is a relative lack of research or policy focusing specifically on the needs of care-experienced girls who become involved in offending behaviour. This article presents novel findings from interviews with 17 girls and young women and eight Youth Offending Team (YOT) staff, highlighting how being in care can affect offending behaviour and how YOTs may provide support to care-experienced girls who have been inadequately supported elsewhere. Reviewing research and practice through a gendered lens helps to demonstrate how and why care-experienced girls may be escalated through justice systems at a greater rate than boys. The provision of gender-specific, trauma-informed interventions by YOTs demonstrates how focusing on care-experienced girls' well-being first is essential if their involvement in the youth justice system is to be reduced. Nonetheless, while YOTs can plug the gaps by providing valuable support within an unsatisfactory system, youth justice intervention must not be a default option for girls in care who exhibit 'challenging' behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Despite a global decrease in HIV incidence, recent trends in Türkiye indicate a concerning rise, particularly among younger populations and women. This study investigates the local and regional dynamics influencing these trends using advanced epidemiological methodologies. Material and Methods: Utilizing Age–period–cohort analysis and joinpoint regression, we analysed HIV incidence and prevalence data from the Global Burden of Disease study for Türkiye. These methods allowed for a detailed examination of changes over time, identifying specific age groups and periods with significant shifts in incidence rates. Results: Key findings include a 13.03% increase in annual percentage change among males aged 15–19 and an 11.37% increase among females in the same age group. Additionally, the incidence rates among females have shown a significant rise after 2008. Conclusions: The rising HIV incidence in Türkiye reflects complex socio-economic, cultural, and biological factors, with significant increases among young people and women. Addressing these challenges requires targeted interventions, comprehensive educational programs, and inclusive healthcare services to align with global efforts and commitments. The study underscores the importance of incorporating young people in decision-making processes to effectively combat HIV in Türkiye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early 1900s, telephone operation was among the most common jobs for American women, and telephone operators were ubiquitous. Between 1920 and 1940, AT&T undertook one of the largest automation investments in modern history, replacing operators with mechanical switching technology in over half of the U.S. telephone network. Using variation across U.S. cities in the timing of adoption, we study how this wave of automation affected the labor market for young women. Although automation eliminated most of these jobs, it did not reduce future cohorts' overall employment: the decline in operators was counteracted by employment growth in middle-skill clerical jobs and lower-skill service jobs, including new categories of work. Using a new genealogy-based census-linking method, we show that incumbent telephone operators were most affected, and a decade later more likely to be in lower-paying occupations or no longer working. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Breast cancer (BC) in women under 45 is rare yet often aggressive. We aim to analyze loco-regional recurrences (LR), distant recurrences (DR), second breast cancers, and mortality in young BC patients. Methods: We enrolled 776 women with non-metastatic BC ≤45 years diagnosed from 1970 to 2012. Variables included age, family history, tumor stage/grade, and treatment. We used multivariate Cox regression and competing risk models. Results: Among the participants, 37.0% were diagnosed before the age of 40. Most had stage I or II, grade II, ER- and PR-positive, HER2-negative tumors. Over a median follow-up of 8.7 years, 10.1% experienced LR, 13.7% developed DR, and 10.8% died, primarily due to BC. The majority of recurrences occurred within the first five years. Older age (>40) significantly reduced the risk of LR and DR. Advanced disease stage, certain surgical strategies, and positive margins increased DR risk. In the cohort diagnosed between 2001 and 2012, recent diagnosis, triple-negative cancer, and hormonal therapy were associated with reduced LR risk. Breast-conserving surgery appeared to offer protective effects against DR. Conclusion: This study highlights that BC in young women carries a significant risk of early recurrence, with age, tumor characteristics, and treatment modalities influencing outcomes. The findings emphasize the need for tailored treatment strategies for young BC patients, focusing on surgical precision and aggressive adjuvant therapy for high-risk cases. This research contributes valuable insights into managing BC in younger patients, aiding in improving long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]