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102. Quinacrine protects neuronal cells against heat-induced injury

Author

Ming Fan, Cheng Xing, Shuhong Liu, Haitao Wu, Yong-Qi Zhao, Jun-Tao Gao, Ge Xueming, Hui Wang, You-e Yan, and Yan Wu

Subjects
Necrosis, Hot Temperature, Apoptosis, Striatum, Biology, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Cell membrane, chemistry.chemical_compound, Membrane fluidity, medicine, Animals, Propidium iodide, Rats, Wistar, Neurons, TUNEL assay, Arachidonic Acid, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Cell biology, Rats, Phospholipases A2, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, chemistry, Animals, Newborn, Quinacrine, Arachidonic acid, medicine.symptom
Abstract

The effects of quinacrine (QA) on heat-induced neuronal injury have been explored, with the intention of understanding the mechanisms of QA protection. Primary cultivated striatum neurons from newborn rats were treated with QA 1h before heat treatment at 43 degrees C which lasted for another 1h, and necrosis and apoptosis were detected by Annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Neuronal apoptosis was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) techniques. Cell membrane fluidity, activity of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and the level of arachidonic acid (AA) were also examined. Membrane surface ultrastructure of striatum neurons was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results showed that heat treatment induced great striatum neurons death, with many dying neurons undergoing necrosis rather than apoptosis. QA alone had little effect on the survival of striatum neurons, while QA pretreatment before heat treatment decreased necrosis. Heat treatment also resulted in decreased membrane fluidity and increased cPLA(2) activity as well as arachidonic acid level; these effects were reversed by QA pretreatment. QA pretreatment also significantly prevented damage to the membrane surface ultrastructure of heat-treated neurons. These results suggest that QA protects striatum neurons against heat-induced neuronal necrosis, and also demonstrate that inhibition of cPLA(2) activity and stabilization of membranes may contribute to protective effect of quinacrine.

Published
2008

103. Alterations of placental cytochrome P450 1A1 and P-glycoprotein in tobacco-induced intrauterine growth retardation in rats

Author

You-e, Yan, Hui, Wang, and Ying-hong, Feng

Subjects
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Fetal Growth Retardation, Pregnancy, Placenta, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1, Animals, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Female, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Wistar, Rats
Abstract

To investigate the alterations of placental P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) at different gestational days (GD), and to explore the possible significance of placental P-gp and CYP1A1 in tobacco smoke-induced intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in rats.An IUGR model was produced by passive tobacco smoking from GD7 to parturition (GD21) and predicted using fetal development parameters. Placental structure and function were monitored by observing pathological alteration and antioxidative function, including the content of malondialdehyde and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT). The expressions of CYP1A1 and P-gp (mdr 1a and mdr 1b) were detected using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.Placental pathological changes occurred and the malondialdehyde content increased, whereas the activities of superoxide dismutase and CAT lowered, when compared to their controls. In the rat placenta of the tobacco group, the level of CYP1A1 mRNA increased significantly; the level of mdr1a mRNA increased significantly at GD21 but not at GD14, whereas the level of mdr1b mRNA in different term remained stable; the expression of P-gp increased significantly only in full-term placenta.The expression of placental CYP1A1 and P-gp increased in tobacco-induced IUGR. Overexpression of placental CYP1A1 can attribute to the metabolism of tobacco and the generation of reactive metabolites, which can trigger IUGR. As a compulsory mechanism, upregulation of P-gp might decrease tobacco exposure to a developing fetus with IUGR.

Published
2005

104. Indole-3-carbinol alters placental cytochrome P450 1A1 and P-glycoprotein levels in rats: a potential role in intensifying fetal intrauterine growth-retardation produced by tobacco smoke

Author

Hui Wang, You-e Yan, Han-Gao Zeng, and Ting Wang

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Indoles, Offspring, Placenta, Developmental toxicity, Administration, Oral, Biology, Toxicology, Tobacco smoke, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Smoke, medicine, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1, Animals, Birth Weight, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Wistar, Fetus, Fetal Growth Retardation, Tobacco control, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Drug Synergism, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Prenatal development, Rats, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Up-Regulation, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Toxicity, Female, Tobacco Smoke Pollution
Abstract

To investigate the deleterious effects and possible mechanism of prenatal indole-3-carbinol (I3C) treatment on normal and tobacco-induced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in rats, prenatal development toxicity in rats was studied. Expression of rat placental cytochrome P4501A1 ( CYP1A1 ) and P-glycoprotein (Pgp), including mdr1a and mdr1b, were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Results showed that prenatal oral I3C had no significant effects on corpora lutea counts, implantation or the number of live, dead and resorbed fetuses in normal rats. Fetal malformations, sex ratio, neonatal body weights and physical developmental indices were also unchanged after prenatal I3C treatment. However, the offspring in the tobacco+I3C (4 mg kg −1 ) group showed lower average body weights (3.98±0.29 g) than tobacco control (4.48±0.11 g), and body and tail lengths lagged significantly behind those of the tobacco-smoke exposure only group. Expression of placental CYP1A1 mRNA by RT-PCR was not detected in the normal group, but was detected in the I3C, tobacco and tobacco+I3C groups. The level of CYP1A1 mRNA expression in the tobacco+I3C group was higher than in tobacco control. The level of mdr1a mRNA increased significantly in the I3C group when compared to normal control, and no obvious difference was detected between tobacco and tobacco+I3C groups. Expression of mdr1b mRNA was increased in the I3C and tobacco+I3C groups compared to their respective controls. Immunohistochemistry results showed that placental Pgp expression was enhanced in the I3C, tobacco and tobacco+I3C groups when compared to the normal control. The results suggest that prenatal oral I3C had no developmental toxicity but intensified fetal IUGR produced by prenatal tobacco-smoke exposure in rats. Up-regulations of placental CYP1A1 and Pgp by I3C might underlie the toxic mechanism.

Published
2005

105. Bilateral asymmetry in Chinese families with cleft lip with or without cleft palate

Author

You-e Liu, Katherine Neiswanger, Mary L. Marazita, Seth M. Weinberg, Michael Melnick, Margaret E. Cooper, and Dan-ning Hu

Subjects
Male, China, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Cleft Lip, Dentistry, Fluctuating asymmetry, Statistics, Nonparametric, Fingers, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Asian People, Medicine, Humans, Body Weights and Measures, Craniofacial, Ear, External, Orthodontics, Analysis of Variance, Bilateral asymmetry, business.industry, Repeated measures design, Eyelids, 030206 dentistry, Congenital cleft, 030227 psychiatry, Cleft Palate, Palpebral fissure, Otorhinolaryngology, Case-Control Studies, Female, Oral Surgery, Congenital disease, business, Hand Deformities, Congenital
Abstract

Objective To determine if Chinese individuals with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) display more bilateral asymmetry than do their unaffected relatives. Design/Subjects A case-control study of 313 individuals with CL/P from Shanghai, China, with 201 unaffected relatives as controls. Methods Size-adjusted asymmetry scores were defined by data on middle-finger length, palm length, palpebral fissure width, and ear length. Case-control comparisons used a multivariate repeated measures analysis of variance, paired t tests, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results The ear-length measure showed a significant increase in fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in individuals with CL/P compared with their unaffected relatives, which was most pronounced in the female cleft lip and palate subgroup (p = .04). No other measures showed any increase in FA. Conclusion Evidence was found for increased FA, as measured by overall ear length, in Chinese individuals with nonsyndromic CL/P, compared with their unaffected family members. The use of bilateral measurements other than dermatoglyphics may prove to be a valuable means of assessing overall developmental stability in individuals with developmental malformations and in their families.

Published
2005

106. Interferon regulatory factor 6(IRF6) gene variants and the risk of isolated cleft lip or palate

Author

Lucilene Arilho Ribeiro, Lina M. Moreno, Brion S. Maher, Buena Nepomuceno, L. Leigh Field, Sandra Daack-Hirsch, Brian C. Schutte, Yasushi Suzuki, Eduardo E. Castilla, R. E. Schultz, Theresa M. Zucchero, Mauricio Arcos-Burgos, Margaret E. Cooper, Ajit Kisor Ray, Jeffrey C. Murray, Alexandre R. Vieira, Mary L. Marazita, Kaare Christensen, Min Shi, Marla K. Johnson, Diana Caprau, You E. Liu, Andrew C. Lidral, Toby H Goldstein, Shinji Kondo, Iêda M. Orioli, Junichiro Machida, Koh-ichiro Yoshiura, and Nagato Natsume

Subjects
Candidate gene, Linkage disequilibrium, Genotype, Cleft Lip, Biology, Linkage Disequilibrium, TFAP2A, Risk Factors, Genetic variation, medicine, Humans, Van der Woude syndrome, Genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic, Racial Groups, Haplotype, Valine, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Pedigree, Cleft Palate, DNA-Binding Proteins, Haplotypes, Interferon Regulatory Factors, IRF6, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Cleft lip or palate (or the two in combination) is a common birth defect that results from a mixture of genetic and environmental factors. We searched for a specific genetic factor contributing to this complex trait by examining large numbers of affected patients and families and evaluating a specific candidate gene.We identified the gene that encodes interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) as a candidate gene on the basis of its involvement in an autosomal dominant form of cleft lip and palate, Van der Woude's syndrome. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in this gene results in either a valine or an isoleucine at amino acid position 274 (V274I). We carried out transmission-disequilibrium testing for V274I in 8003 individual subjects in 1968 families derived from 10 populations with ancestry in Asia, Europe, and South America, haplotype and linkage analyses, and case-control analyses, and determined the risk of cleft lip or palate that is associated with genetic variation in IRF6.Strong evidence of overtransmission of the valine (V) allele was found in the entire population data set (P10(-9)); moreover, the results for some individual populations from South America and Asia were highly significant. Variation at IRF6 was responsible for 12 percent of the genetic contribution to cleft lip or palate and tripled the risk of recurrence in families that had already had one affected child.DNA-sequence variants associated with IRF6 are major contributors to cleft lip, with or without cleft palate. The contribution of variants in single genes to cleft lip or palate is an important consideration in genetic counseling.

Published
2004

109. Chromosome 17: gene mapping studies of cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Chinese families

Author

Supakit Peanchitlertkajorn, Margaret E. Cooper, You-E Liu, L. Leigh Field, and Mary L. Marazita

Subjects
Genetic Markers, China, Chi-Square Distribution, Models, Genetic, Genetic Linkage, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Cleft Lip, Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha, Statistics as Topic, Chromosome Mapping, Genetic Variation, 030206 dentistry, DNA, Linkage Disequilibrium, Cleft Palate, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Asian People, Humans, Oral Surgery, Lod Score, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Alleles, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
Abstract

Objective Involvement of loci on chromosome 17, including retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) in nonsyndromic oral clefts has been reported in Caucasian populations, although never investigated in Asian populations. The purpose of the present study was to investigate several loci on chromosome 17, including RARA, in Chinese families. Participants Thirty-six multiplex families (310 individuals), ascertained through nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate surgical probands from hospitals in Shanghai, China, participated in the present study. There were 23 families whose probands had cleft lip and cleft palate (CLP) and 13 with cleft lip alone (CL). Results Seventeen markers, spanning chromosome 17 and about 10 cM apart were assessed. Logarithm of odds ratio (LOD) scores (two point and multipoint), model-free linkage analyses, and allelic association tests (transmission/disequilibrium, Fisher's exact tests, and chi-square) were performed on the total family sample, families with CLP probands (CLP subgroup), and families with CL probands (CL subgroup). LOD scores from the two-point analyses were inconclusive. Multipoint analyses rejected linkage except for a few regions in the CL subgroup. However, positive results were found using the model-free linkage and association methods (p < .05). The markers with positive results varied across the CL and CLP subgroups. However, the RARA region and loci nearby yielded consistently positive results. Conclusion Genetic variation within the RARA locus or nearby appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of nonsyndromic oral clefts in this population. Furthermore, based on the differing pattern of results in the CL versus CLP subgroups, it appears that the formation of CL and CLP is because of either differing alleles at the same genetic locus or different but related (and/or linked) genes that modify the severity and expression of oral clefting.

Published
2002

110. Social anxiety in Chinese adults with oral-facial clefts

Author

Mary L. Marazita, Margaret E. Cooper, You-e Liu, and Nancy W. Berk

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, China, Cross-sectional study, Cleft Lip, Statistics as Topic, Anxiety, Fear of negative evaluation, Social Environment, Social support, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Sibling, Social Behavior, Family Health, Analysis of Variance, business.industry, Social anxiety, Social Support, 030206 dentistry, Fear, Self Concept, Surgery, Cleft Palate, Distress, Cross-Sectional Studies, Otorhinolaryngology, Social Isolation, Case-Control Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Female, medicine.symptom, Oral Surgery, business, Psychosocial, Social Adjustment, Stress, Psychological, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Objective This study examined social anxiety and measures of psychosocial adjustment in Chinese adults with oral-facial clefts, their unaffected siblings, and age-matched controls. Design This cross-sectional study utilized a matched case-control study design. Participants Eighty-five adult cleft lip and cleft palate (CL/CP) subjects and 85 unaffected siblings (one adult sibling of each CL/CP subject) were recruited in Shanghai, China, from a larger CL/CP study. Eighty-five unaffected controls, gender- and age-matched to the CL/CP subjects, were recruited from Shanghai work units including factories, universities, and other institutions. Outcome Measures Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List. Results Affected adults reported significantly more social anxiety than unaffected siblings and controls. Affected adults also scored significantly lower on measures of self-esteem and social support than unaffected siblings and controls. Unaffected siblings and controls were not found to differ on any of these measures. Conclusions Findings suggest that individuals with oral-facial clefts may be more disadvantaged with respect to social affiliation and adaptation than unaffected adults. Cross-cultural research is essential in enabling us to determine whether similar trends exist across cultures.

Published
2001

111. Descriptive epidemiology of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Shanghai, China, from 1980 to 1989

Author

Roslyn A. Stone, You-e Liu, Dan-ning Hu, Margaret E. Cooper, Michael Melnick, and Mary L. Marazita

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, China, Season of birth, Urban Population, Cleft Lip, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Shanghai china, Sex Distribution, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Infant, Newborn, Parental Ages, 030206 dentistry, Syndrome, Descriptive epidemiology, Cleft Palate, Birth order, Logistic Models, Otorhinolaryngology, Case-Control Studies, Asian population, Female, Oral Surgery, Birth Order, Morbidity, business, Demography, Maternal Age
Abstract

Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±CP) in an Asian population. Design Birth prevalence was assessed in a large birth series in Shanghai, China. A 1:3 sex-age-hospital matched case-control design was used to assess the effects of parental ages and pregnancy history on risk of CL±CP. Participants Records of live births from 1980 to 1989 in 22 hospitals in Shanghai, China, were reviewed, comprising 541,504 consecutive births, which is by far the largest such Chinese sample ever investigated. The case-control study included 528 (308 male, 220 female) nonsyndromic CL±CP cases and 1563 (912 male, 651 female) controls. Results From 1980 to 1989, the overall birth prevalence was 1.2 per 1000 live births with statistically significant seasonal variation (more CL±CP births in January to July). The overall male:female ratio was 1.40:1. For males, statistically significant associations were identified with maternal age for the most severe clefts (bilateral overall, and also bilateral CL+CP subgroup). For females, statistically significant association was shown for pregnancy age with birth order (overall and in most subgroups). Conclusions The birth prevalence of CL±CP in this Asian population was similar to published Caucasian rates. The observed seasonal variation would be consistent with possible environmental factors. Significant associations with maternal age, pregnancy age, and birth order warrant additional study of pregnancy history in Asian CL±CP.

Published
2000

112. Balance of feed split to ball mills in parallel.

Author

You E., Cu2007 volume II: mineral processing, proceedings of the sixth international copper-cobre conference Toronto, Ontario 25-30 Aug. 2007, Cruz L., King D., Veloo C., You E., Cu2007 volume II: mineral processing, proceedings of the sixth international copper-cobre conference Toronto, Ontario 25-30 Aug. 2007, Cruz L., King D., and Veloo C.

Abstract

The Cu concentrator at Copperton, Utah, USA, currently has 4 lines with a configuration of one SAG mill feeding two ball mills. The slurry that reports to each ball mill varies, resulting in an unequal load of material. The configuration includes two separate sumps that receive material from a distribution box relying solely on natural slurry flow to feed each sump. The unequal split to each mill results in one mill receiving a greater amount of material, so that the equipment on one mill exhibits limitations that may affect product quality and the near-maximum operation of the equipment. The parallel mill will often have additional capacity that cannot be utilised due to the unequal split. An advanced control strategy was implemented to control the split. A process variable (PV) was created that numerically represents the degree of unbalance of the ball mills based on the operating variables around each mill, and the PV was used in a PID controller which drives the opening and closing cycles of the two dart valves in the distribution box that split the slurry to each mill., The Cu concentrator at Copperton, Utah, USA, currently has 4 lines with a configuration of one SAG mill feeding two ball mills. The slurry that reports to each ball mill varies, resulting in an unequal load of material. The configuration includes two separate sumps that receive material from a distribution box relying solely on natural slurry flow to feed each sump. The unequal split to each mill results in one mill receiving a greater amount of material, so that the equipment on one mill exhibits limitations that may affect product quality and the near-maximum operation of the equipment. The parallel mill will often have additional capacity that cannot be utilised due to the unequal split. An advanced control strategy was implemented to control the split. A process variable (PV) was created that numerically represents the degree of unbalance of the ball mills based on the operating variables around each mill, and the PV was used in a PID controller which drives the opening and closing cycles of the two dart valves in the distribution box that split the slurry to each mill.

Published
2007

113. Nicotine Suppressed Fetal Adrenal StAR Expression via YY1 Mediated-Histone Deacetylation Modification Mechanism.

Author

Lian Liu, Jian-FeiWang, Jie Fan, Yi-Song Rao, Fang Liu, You-E Yan, and Hui Wang

Subjects
STEROIDOGENIC acute regulatory protein, GENE expression, THERAPEUTIC use of nicotine, CELL analysis, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, WESTERN immunoblotting, LABORATORY rats
Abstract

Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein plays a pivotal role in steroidogenesis. Previously, we have demonstrated that prenatal nicotine exposure suppressed fetal adrenal steroidogenesis via steroidogenic factor 1 deacetylation. This study further explored the potential role of the transcriptional repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in nicotine-mediated StAR inhibition. Nicotine was subcutaneously administered (1.0 mg/kg) to pregnant rats twice per day and NCI-H295A cells were treated with nicotine. StAR and YY1 expression were analyzed by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Histone modifications and the interactions between the YY1 and StAR promoter were assessed using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Prenatal nicotine exposure increased YY1 expression and suppressed StAR expression. ChIP assay showed that there was a decreasing trend for histone acetylation at the StAR promoter in fetal adrenal glands, whereas H3 acetyl-K14 at the YY1 promoter presented an increasing trend following nicotine exposure. Furthermore, in nicotine-treated NCI-H295A cells, nicotine enhanced YY1 expression and inhibited StAR expression. ChIP assay showed that histone acetylation decreased at the StAR promoter in NCI-H295A cells and that the interaction between the YY1 and StAR promoter increased. These data indicated that YY1-medicated histone deacetylation modification in StAR promoters might play an important role in the inhibitory effect of nicotine on StAR expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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114. Selection of Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR Normalization in Three Types of Rat Adipose Tissue.

Author

Wan-Xia Zhang, Jie Fan, Jing Ma, Yi-Song Rao, Li Zhang, and You-E Yan

Subjects
ADIPOSE tissues, POLYMERASE chain reaction, MESSENGER RNA, GENE expression, OBESITY
Abstract

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is the most classical technique in the field of gene expression study. This method requires an appropriate reference gene to normalize mRNA levels. In this study, the expression stability of four frequently-used reference genes in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), inguinal beige adipose tissue (iBeAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) from obese and lean rats were evaluated by geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. Based on the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines, the two most stable reference genes were recommended in each type of adipose tissue. Two target genes were applied to test the stability of the reference genes. The geNorm and NormFinder results revealed that GAPDH and 36B4 exhibited the highest expression stabilities in eWAT, while 36B4 and β-actin had the highest expression stabilities in iBeAT and BAT. According to the results of the BestKeeper analysis, 36B4 was the most stable gene in eWAT, iBeAT and BAT, in terms of the coefficient of variance. In terms of the coefficient of correlation, GAPDH, 36B4 and β-actin were the most stable genes in eWAT, iBeAT and BAT, respectively. Additionally, expected results and statistical significance were obtained using a combination of two suitable reference genes for data normalization. In conclusion, 36B4 and GAPDH, in combination, are the best reference genes for eWAT, while 36B4 and β-actin are two most suitable reference genes for both iBeAT and BAT. We recommend using these reference genes accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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115. Corrigendum to 'Nicotine-induced over-exposure to maternal glucocorticoid and activated glucocorticoid metabolism causes hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis-associated neuroendocrine metabolic alterations in fetal rats' [Toxicol. Lett. 209 (2012) 282–290]

Author

Hui Wang, L.B. Chen, G. Liang, Dan Xu, Jacques Magdalou, W.W. He, Yansong Liu, and You-e Yan

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Fetus, business.industry, General Medicine, Toxicology, Nicotine, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, medicine, Glucocorticoid metabolism, business, Glucocorticoid, Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, medicine.drug
Published
2013

129. Effects of prenatal and lactation nicotine exposure on glucose homeostasis, lipogenesis and lipid metabolic profiles in mothers and offspring

Author

FanThese authors contributed equally to this work., Jie, Ping, Jie, Xiang, Jie, Rao, Yi-song, Zhang, Wan-xia, Chen, Ting, Zhang, Li, and Yan, You-e

Abstract

There is increasing evidence suggesting that maternal nicotine (NIC) exposure alone can lead to many deleterious consequences in the fetus. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of prenatal and lactation NIC exposure on glucose homeostasis, lipogenesis and lipid metabolism in mothers and pups. After maternal NIC exposure (from gestational day 9 to weaning), NIC mothers showed lower body weight, decreased parametrial white adipose tissue (pWAT) and inguinal WAT weights, lower homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function, higher serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, higher Castelli index values, lower hepatic mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), lipoprotein lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and glucose transporters 4 (GLUT4), as well as lower SREBP1c, FAS, leptin and GLUT4 mRNA levels in pWAT. However, female NIC pups presented higher body weights and serum TC levels, and increased trends for high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and Castelli index I. Male NIC pups had higher body weight, serum TC levels and Castelli index I values, and lower glycemia levels. Additionally, hepatic and adipose FAS gene expression from the female NIC pups presented a decreasing trend, while the male NIC pups had lower hepatic FAS expression and higher adipose FAS expression. In conclusion, prenatal and lactation NIC exposure induced deleterious effects on the glucose homeostasis, lipogenesis and lipid metabolism in both mothers and pups, which may promote several important metabolic disorders in the progeny. Additionally, there are gender-specific effects on pups.

Published
2016
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136. Genetic alterations during the progression of sporadic melanoma

Author

Fountain, J W, primary, Walker, G J, additional, Flores, J F, additional, Glendening, J M, additional, Goldberg, E K, additional, Robertson, G, additional, Lugo, T G, additional, Gonzalgo, M, additional, Bender, C, additional, You, E, additional, Jones, P, additional, and Hayward, N K, additional

Published
1997
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137. MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE ACTIVITY CORRELATES WITH HUMAN KAPOSI'S SARCOMA CELL-INDUCED TUMORIGENESIS IN HIV-1 TAT TRANSGENIC MICE

Author

Om Prakash, Felipe Samaniego, Peng Zhou, Nilufar Inamdar, Roy Coleman, Gist Farr, and You-E He

Subjects
Genetically modified mouse, Cell, Matrix metalloproteinase, Biology, Hiv 1 tat, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, Virology, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Cancer research, Pharmacology (medical), Carcinogenesis, Kaposi's sarcoma
Published
1999

138. Effect of nicotine on chondrogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in alginate bead culture.

Author

Stoltz, J.-F., Zhou, Y.-F., He, X.-H., Chen, Y., Deng, Yu, Li, Tian-Qi, Yan, You-E, Magdalou, Jacques, Wang, Hui, and Chen, Liao-Bin

Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of nicotine, BONE marrow cells, MESENCHYMAL stem cells, PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of alginates, CHONDROGENESIS
Abstract

This study was carried out to explore environmental compound such as nicotine can cause adverse effect on chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Rat BMSCs were capsulated in alginate beads incubated with a chondrogenic differentiation medium and while chondrogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs were cultured for 4 weeks treated with nicotine at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 μM. The effect of nicotine on BMSCs viability was tested using MTT assay. After chondrogenic differentiation, alginate beads sections were stained for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) with alcian blue and safranin-O. The mRNA expression of chondrogenesis related genes, including collagen type 2 alpha 1 (Col2A1), aggrecan, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were determined by RT-PCR. Nicotine did not affect viability of BMSCs at any indicated concentration. Continuous exposure to nicotine for 4 weeks resulted in significant decrease of the area stained with alcian blue and safranin-O in a concentration-dependent manner compared with the control (P<0.05). After 4 weeks in chondrogenic medium, nicotine dose-dependently decreased the expression of aggrecan, Col2A1 and IGF-1 genes in rat BMSCs chondrogenesis compared with the control (P<0.05). It turned out that nicotine suppresses chondrogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs, leading to a poorly differentiated cartilage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012

140. Geranylgeranylacetone protects rat and striatum neurons against heat injury via induction of Hsp70

Author

Yan, You-E., Zhao, Yong-Qi, Zhu, Ling-ling, Yu, Xiao-dan, Wang, Hui, and Fan, Ming

Subjects
*ANTIULCER drugs, *ISOPENTENOIDS, *HEAT stroke, *HEAT shock proteins, *PROTEIN synthesis, *NEURONS, *QUERCETIN, *LABORATORY rats
Abstract

Abstract: GGA (geranylgeranylacetone) may induce Hsp70 synthesis, thus contributing to the protective effects of GGA in several disease states. This study evaluated the protective effects of GGA against heat injury to rat and striatum neurons in terms of mechanisms. Rats were exposed to 41.5°C for 35min to induce heatstroke; the protective effects of GGA were then evaluated by change in rectal temperature (Tre) during heat exposure and survival time after heatstroke. Primary cultured striatum neurons were incubated with GGA for 24h, and then heat-treated at 43°C for a further 1h. The viability, membrane surface ultrastructure and Hsp70 expression of striatum neurons were all observed. Furthermore, the effects of quercetin an inhibitor of Hsp70 synthesis were also investigated. Compared to the heatstroke group, GGA delayed Tre in reaching 42.1°C (P <0.05) and prolonged the survival time after heatstroke (P <0.01). The LDH releasing percentage decreased in GGA groups (P <0.05, P <0.01) compared to the heat-treatment group and increased in quercetin groups (P <0.05) compared to GGA group. Results from AFM showed that GGA protected membrane surface ultrastructure against heat injury. In addition, results from Western blot showed that GGA-induced Hsp70 expression of neurons both in normal and heat-treatment conditions (P <0.01, P <0.05) and quercetin inhibited GGA-induced Hsp70 expression (P <0.05). Therefore, GGA had protective effects against heat injury in striatum neurons and rat heatstroke. Quercetin inhibited GGA-induced Hsp70 expression and prevented GGA-protective effects, which indicated that this protection was dependent on the Hsp70 synthesis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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141. Growth Retardation of Fetal Rats Exposed to Nicotine In Utero: Possible Involvement of CYPIA1, CYP2E1, and P-Glycoprotein.

Author

Ting Wang, Man Chen, You-e Yan, Feng-qin Xiao, Xiao-liang Pan, and Hui Wang

Subjects
NICOTINE, PRENATAL influences, FETAL development, CYTOCHROMES, GLYCOPROTEINS, TOXICITY testing, LABORATORY rats, MICROSOMES
Abstract

This article discusses research that aims to determine the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on fetal development, cytochrome expression, and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression in the liver and placenta of the mother. This is intended to examine the metabolic mechanism of intrauterine growth retardation that may be induced by nicotine toxicity. Pregnant rats received nicotine subcutaneously for a given period during gestation. Nicotine-treated rats had low body weights, and maternal liver microsomes increased with progressing gestation before returning to near control levels in late pregnancy. By evaluating gene expression and fetal growth, it was posited that nicotine may contribute to oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation.

Published
2009
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142. Language Translation Apps in Health Care Settings: Expert Opinion

Author

Panayiotou, Anita, Gardner, Anastasia, Williams, Sue, Zucchi, Emiliano, Mascitti-Meuter, Monita, Goh, Anita MY, You, Emily, Chong, Terence WH, Logiudice, Dina, Lin, Xiaoping, Haralambous, Betty, and Batchelor, Frances

Subjects
Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BackgroundCurrently, over 300 languages are spoken in Australian homes. People without proficient English from non-English speaking countries may not receive equitable care if their health care workers do not speak their primary language. Use of professional interpreters is considered the gold standard; however, for a variety of reasons, it is often limited to key aspects of care such as diagnosis and consent. With the emergence of mobile technologies, health care workers are increasingly using digital translation tools to fill this gap. However, many of these technologies have not been developed for health care settings and their use has not been evaluated. ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate iPad-compatible language translation apps to determine their suitability for enabling everyday conversations in health care settings. MethodsTranslation apps were identified by searching the Apple iTunes Store and published and grey literature. Criteria for inclusion were that the apps were available at no cost, able to translate at least one of the top 10 languages spoken in Australia, and available for use on iPad. Apps that met inclusion criteria were reviewed in 2 stages. Stage 1 was the feature analysis conducted by 2 independent researchers, where apps were evaluated for offline use, input and output methods, and number of languages. Stage 2 was the analysis of suitability for everyday communication in the health care setting, conducted by 2 independent professionals with expertise in translation and cross-cultural communication. Apps that enabled key aspects of care normally within the realm of professional interpreters, such as assessment, treatment and discharge planning, and seeking consent for medical treatments, were considered unsuitable. ResultsIn total, 15 apps were evaluated. Of these, 8 apps contained voice-to-voice and voice-to-text translation options. In addition, 6 apps were restricted to using preset health phrases, whereas 1 app used a combination of free input and preset phrases. However, 5 apps were excluded before stage 2. In addition, 6 of the 10 remaining apps reviewed in stage 2 were specifically designed for health care translation purposes. Of these, 2 apps were rated as suitable for everyday communication in the health care setting—culturally and linguistically diverse Assist and Talk To Me. Both apps contained simple and appropriate preset health phrases and did not contain conversations that are normally within the realm of professional interpreters. ConclusionsAll iPad-compatible translation apps require a degree of caution and consideration when used in health care settings, and none should replace professional interpreters. However, some apps may be suitable for everyday conversations, such as those that enable preset phrases to be translated on subject matters that do not require a professional interpreter. Further research into the use of translation technology for these types of conversations is needed.

Published
2019
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144. Genome Scan for Loci Involved in Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate, in Chinese Multiplex Families

Author

Supakit Peanchitlertkajorn, Margaret E. Cooper, L. Leigh Field, Brion S. Maher, Rose Tobias, Mary L. Marazita, and You E. Liu

Subjects
Male, Proband, China, Genetic Linkage, Cleft Lip, Genome Scan, Biology, Genetic determinism, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic linkage, Genotype, Genetics, Humans, Genetics(clinical), Multiplex, Genotyping, Genetics (clinical), 030304 developmental biology, Linkage (software), 0303 health sciences, Models, Genetic, Genome, Human, 030305 genetics & heredity, Chromosome Mapping, Articles, Pedigree, Cleft Palate, Female, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4, Lod Score
Abstract

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common congenital anomaly. Birth prevalences range from 1/500 to 1/1,000 and are consistently higher in Asian populations than in populations of European descent. Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether the CL/P etiological factors in Asian populations differ from those in white populations. A sample of 36 multiplex families were ascertained through probands with CL/P who were from Shanghai. This is the first reported genome-scan study of CL/P in any Asian population. Genotyping of Weber Screening Set 9 (387 short tandem-repeat polymorphisms with average spacing approximately 9 cM [range 1-19 cM]) was performed by the Mammalian Genotyping Service of Marshfield Laboratory. Presented here are the results for the 366 autosomal markers. Linkage between each marker and CL/P was assessed by two-point and multipoint LOD scores, as well as with multipoint heterogeneity LOD scores (HLODs) plus model-free identity-by-descent statistics and the multipoint NPL statistic. In addition, association was assessed via the transmission/disequilibrium test. LOD-score and HLOD calculations were performed under a range of models of inheritance of CL/P. The following regions had positive multipoint results (HLODor =1.0 and/or NPL Por =.05): chromosomes 1 (90-110 cM), 2 (220-250 cM), 3 (130-150 cM), 4 (140-170 cM), 6 (70-100 cM), 18 (110 cM), and 21 (30-50 cM). The most significant multipoint linkage results (HLODor =2.0; alpha=0.37) were for chromosomes 3q and 4q. Associations with Por =.05 were found for loci on chromosomes 3, 5-7, 9, 11, 12, 16, 20, and 21. The most significant association result (P=.009) was found with D16S769 (51 cM).

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148. The association between maternal nicotine exposure and adipose angiogenesis in female rat offspring: A mechanism of adipose tissue function changes.

Author

Zhang, Wan-xia, Chen, Hui-jian, Fan, Jie, Li, Gai-ling, Sun, Ao, Lan, Liu-yi, Zhang, Li, and Yan, You-e

Subjects
*MATERNAL exposure, *ADIPOSE tissue physiology, *WHITE adipose tissue, *NEOVASCULARIZATION, *LIPID metabolism, *ADIPOSE tissues, *UMBILICAL veins, *ENDOTHELIAL cells
Abstract

• α7nAChR-Egr1-FGF2 pathway is a novel mechanism in adipose tissue angiogenesis. • Maternal nicotine exposure has greater impacts on adipose angiogenesis at weaning. • Nicotine-exposed angiogenesis in gWAT is stronger than in igSWAT. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and lactation is associated with increased fat mass in the offspring, but the mechanism by which this occurs is not fully understood. Our study focused on the relationships among maternal nicotine exposure, adipose angiogenesis and adipose tissue function in female offspring. Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to nicotine or control groups. Microvascular density, lipid metabolism and α7nAChR-Egr1-FGF2 signaling pathway genes/proteins were tested in 4-, 12- and 26-week female offspring. In vitro, nicotine concentration- and time-response experiments were conducted in 3T3-L1. Lipid metabolism and α7nAChR-Egr1-FGF2 signaling pathway genes/proteins were tested. The conditioned media of differentiated 3T3-L1 treated with nicotine were used to observe tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Nicotine-exposed females presented higher adipose microvascular density. The gene expression of α7nAChR, Egr1 and FGF2 was significantly increased in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) and inguinal subcutaneous WAT (igSWAT) of nicotine-exposed females at 4 weeks of age. The protein expression of α7nAChR, Egr1 and FGF2 was increased in gWAT and igSWAT of nicotine-exposed females at 4 weeks of age, and increased in gWAT at 26 weeks. In vitro, nicotine increased the expression of lipid metabolism and α7nAChR-Egr1-FGF2 signaling pathway genes/proteins in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In the tube formation experiment, adipocytes affected by nicotine promoted HUVEC angiogenesis. Therefore, maternal nicotine exposure promoted the early angiogenesis of adipose tissue via the α7nAChR-Egr1-FGF2 signaling pathway, and this angiogenesis mechanism was associated with increased adipogenesis in adipose tissue of female offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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149. Perinatal nicotine exposure increases obesity susceptibility by peripheral leptin resistance in adult female rat offspring.

Author

Zhang, Wan-xia, Li, Yin-ping, Fan, Jie, Chen, Hui-jian, Li, Gai-ling, Ouyang, Yan-Qiong, and Yan, You-e

Subjects
*FAT cells, *INGESTION, *OBESITY, *LABORATORY rats, *PROTEIN-tyrosine kinases, *CELLULAR signal transduction
Abstract

Maternal nicotine (NIC) exposure causes overweight, hyperleptinemia and metabolic disorders in adult offspring. Our study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of perinatal NIC exposure increases obesity susceptibility in adult female rat offspring. In our model, we found that adult NIC-exposed females presented higher body weight and subcutaneous and visceral fat mass, as well as larger adipocytes, while no change was found in food intake. Serum profile showed a higher serum glucose, insulin and leptin levels in NIC-exposed females. In adipose tissue and liver, the leptin signaling pathway was blocked at 26 weeks, presented lower Janus tyrosine kinase 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 gene expression, higher suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 gene expression (in adipose tissue) and lower leptin receptors gene expression (in liver), indicating that peripheral leptin resistance occurred in NIC-exposed adult females. In female rats, the expression of lipolysis genes was affected dominantly in adipose tissue, but lipogenesis genes was affected in liver. Furthermore, the glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed a delayed glucose clearance and a higher area under the curve in NIC-exposed females. Therefore, perinatal NIC exposure programed female rats for adipocyte hypertrophy and obesity in adult life, through the leptin resistance in peripheral tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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150. Prenatal caffeine exposure induced high susceptibility to metabolic syndrome in adult female offspring rats and its underlying mechanisms.

Author

Yuan, Chao, Guo, Yi-tian, Zhang, Li, Yan, You-e, Pei, Lin-guo, Kou, Hao, Xia, Li-ping, Xu, Dan, and Wang, Hui

Subjects
*ANIMAL models in research, *CAFFEINE, *FETAL development, *METABOLIC syndrome, ANIMAL models of insulin resistance
Abstract

Our previous studies have demonstrated that prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) induced an intrauterine programming of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA)-associated neuroendocrine metabolism in 3-month-old offspring rats. In this study, we aimed to confirm this programming disorder and high susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (MS) in 10-month-old female PCE offspring with postnatal catch-up growth. We found that PCE female offspring rats showed decreased bodyweight but a higher rate of weight gain after birth. Moreover, in the offspring, basal hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance were observed before unpredictable chronic stress (UCS), but serum total cholesterol (TCH) levels and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (TG/HDL-C), TCH/HDL-C and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol/HDL-C (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio changes were increased after UCS, accompanied by morphological damage of the related tissues. These results suggested that PCE adult female offspring rats were highly susceptible to MS, which is related to HPAA-associated neuroendocrine-metabolic programming disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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