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Objective: Elevated levels of serum Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML), a well-known advanced glycation end-product (AGE), were observed in patients with inflammation or osteoporosis. Astaxanthin was reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of commercially available dietary supplement AstaReal ACTR (ASR) capsule content as astaxanthin on CML-HSA-induced inflammatory and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenic gene expression. Methods: RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells were stimulated with CML-HSA to trigger inflammatory gene expression and treated with either a vehicle control or varied concentrations of astaxanthin. Inflammatory gene expression was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or qPCR. We triggered osteoclastogenesis using RANKL, and osteoclastogenic gene expression was measured through tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, staining, immunofluorescence, and qPCR analyses. Results: CML-HSA showed a stimulatory effect on inflammatory gene expression, and astaxanthin reduced the expression by at least two-fold. The levels of autoinflammatory gene expression were reduced by astaxanthin. The RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis was significantly inhibited by astaxanthin, with reductions in the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), the expression of NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 1), multinucleated cell formation, and the expression of mature osteoclast marker genes. Conclusion: Astaxanthin has potential as a remedy for CML-HSA-induced inflammation and RANKL-induced excessive bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the anti-aging medicine, we recommend to assess the skin aging by five categories: wrinkle age, spot age, yellow tint age, elasticity age, and moisture age. Photo-aging (oxidative stress) and glycative stress are major causes of age-related deterioration in the skin. Gly- cative stress finally causes skin accumulation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs), inducing yellow tint, and cross linkage between collagen fibers inducing less elastic skin. Oxidative stress causes skin dark spots through the various processes; excess pigment forma- tion and DNA damages. It also causes wrinkle formation associated with matrix metallopro- teinase(MMP) activation and degeneration of collagen and elastin fibers. Study of oxidative and glycative stress may help identify new anti-aging treatments so that we can achieve the skin rejuvenation.

We assessed the relationship between the number of daily steps and changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a year-long pedometer-based walking program for physically active older people. A total of 36 physically active older people (68.3 ± 5.8 years) completed this 59-week program. The CVD risk parameters were measured at baseline and at weeks 21 and 59. The mean number of steps increased by week 21 and was maintained at week 59 (approximately 10 000 steps, increase in 1500 steps from the baseline; P < .05). Following a significant reduction in body mass index at week 21, systolic blood pressure levels were significantly reduced, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly increased at week 59 (P < .05). In summary, even active older people can achieve further protection against CVD risks by minor, but sustained, physical activity using pedometers for a period of more than 1 year., (© 2013 APJPH.)

The aging balance and the risk factor are considered from a whole body viewpoint whenever it thinks about the anti-aging treatment for calcium metabolism. The aging balance attaches to the muscles, the blood vessel, the nerve, the hormone, and the bone, and the aging risk factor evaluates immunity, the oxidation stress, the mental stress, the lifestyle, and the metabolic states. The basis of treatment is improvement of life styles in daily meal, physical activities, and the spirit. The drug therapy is used to the end assisting. It thought about the aging risk factor by describing the calcium abnormal metabolizing according to aging influence on the whole body, the prevention, and treatment in this text.

The purpose of anti-aging medicine is to raise quality of life (QOL) and to aim at healthy longevity. Melatonin, DHEA(-s) (dehydroepiandrosterone [sulfate]), somatotropin/IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor-I), male and female hormone decrease with aging, that can be prevented by hormone replacement therapy. This therapy has two sides of supplement of the deficit and a healthy increase. Hormone age is "the function age that expressed whether you are equivalent to a hormone secretion state of how old average" and 30 years old or 70-80% of chronological age regard the targeted value of hormone age. We do not decide quantity of hormone replacement uniformly. The reasonable quantity should be determined based on each figure, active mass, life level, and/or blood levels of hormones. Data accumulation for a long term in multiple institutions is important.

Background: We investigated the effects of rabeprazole compared with those of omeprazole on enterochromaffin-like cells and parietal cells in rats., Methods: Rabeprazole or omeprazole was administered for 7 days by intraperitoneal injection (100 mg/kg or 20mg/kg once a day) and the serum gastrin concentration, the antral density of G cells and D cells, fundic histamine content, fundic H+, K+-ATPase mRNA level, and parietal cell morphology were determined., Results: Both rabeprazole and omeprazole inhibited gastric acid secretion and increased the intragastric pH to over 6.5, as well as causing a marked increase in the serum gastrin concentration. The serum gastrin level was lower with rabeprazole treatment than with omeprazole treatment at both doses. Also, the antral G-cell density was higher with omeprazole than with rabeprazole, while the increase in both the histamine content and the H+, K-ATPase mRNA level in the fundic mucosa was higher with omeprazole treatment at both doses, with the difference being significant at 100 mg/kg. Ultrastructural examination indicated that the stimulation of parietal cells by omeprazole was stronger than that by rabeprazole., Conclusions: Rabeprazole treatment does not drive enterochromaffin-like cells and parietal cells as strongly as omeprazole treatment despite its potent acid suppressive effect, suggesting that it represents a new generation of proton pump inhibitors.