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902 results on '"Yolken R"'

119. Workshop on Schizophrenia

Author

Barondes, S. H., primary, Alberts, B. M., additional, Andreasen, N. C., additional, Bargmann, C., additional, Benes, F., additional, Goldman-Rakic, P., additional, Gottesman, I., additional, Heinemann, S. F., additional, Jones, E. G., additional, Kirschner, M., additional, Lewis, D., additional, Raff, M., additional, Roses, A., additional, Rubenstein, J., additional, Snyder, S., additional, Watson, S. J., additional, Weinberger, D. R., additional, and Yolken, R. H., additional

Published
1997
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145. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Giardia lamblia in fecal specimens.

Author

Ungar, Beth L. P., Yolken, Robert H., Nash, Theodore E., Quinn, Thomas C., Ungar, B L, Yolken, R H, Nash, T E, and Quinn, T C

Abstract

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of Giardia lamblia in human feces. The assay could detect between 37 and 375 trophozoites from cultures and between 12.5 and 125 cysts purified from human stool. Stool specimens were positive by ELISA in 36 (92%) of 39 patients with giardiasis; negative specimens came from patients with low numbers of parasites in their stool. In 10 patients stools became negative by ELISA after successful treatment. Stool specimens were positive by ELISA in three (2%) of 128 patients without demonstrable Giardia organisms in their stools; one positive specimen was from a child with IgA deficiency and diarrhea who responded clinically to metronidazole. The ELISA is a simple, sensitive, and specific diagnostic test for G lamblia that will be useful in diagnosis, in follow-up treatment, and in large-scale studies directed at defining the epidemiology and pathophysiology of G lamblia infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1984
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146. Oral rehydration therapy for treatment of rotavirus diarrhoea in a rural treatment centre in Bangladesh.

Author

TAYLOR, P. R., MERSON, M. H., BLACK, R. E., RAHMAN, A. S. M. MIZANUR, YUNUS, M. D., ALIM, A. R. M. A., YOLKEN, R. H., Mizanur Rahman, A S, and Alim, A R

Abstract

In November 1977, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting rotavirus antigen was introduced in the laboratory of a rural treatment centre in Bangladesh. During the next 40 days rotavirus without other pathogens was found in the stools of 216 (45%) of 480 children under age 5 years who visited the centre with a gastrointestinal illness. 188 (87%) of these children were treated with oral rehydration alone, using the solution currently recommended by the World Health Organisation, while 28 (13%) also required some intravenous rehydration; there were no deaths. Oral rehydration treatment was judged successful in 205 (95%) of the rotavirus patients and was not associated with any serious side effects. Oral rehydration treatment, with this solution, has been used extensively and successfully in the treatment of enterotoxin-mediated diarrhoea and can also safely be used for treating rotavirus diarrhoea in infants and young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1980
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148. The 5′-untranslated region sequence of a potential new genotype of bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Author

Harpin, S., Mehdy Elahi, S., Cornaglia, E., Yolken, R., and Elazhary, Y.

Abstract

The 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of several bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolates from the severe Quebec outbreak was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Sequences revealed the loss, for the BVDV type II isolates, of an internal PstI restriction site, which is present in all known BVDV type 1 5′UTR sequences. A single restriction enzyme digestion (PstI) of an aliquot of PCR product allowed us to differentiate BVDV type I and BVDV type II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1995
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149. Enzyme immunoassays for the detection of microbial antigens and prospects for improved assays

Author

Yolken, R. H.

Subjects
Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Virus Diseases, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Biotin, Humans, Immunoglobulins, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Affinity Labels, Avidin, Antigens, Viral, Research Article, Enzymes
Abstract

The rapid diagnosis of viral infections is an important tool in the management of patients with infectious diseases. Solid-phase enzyme immunoassays have proved to be useful tools for the direct detection of the antigens of some viruses directly in clinical specimens. Such assays have been particularly useful in the diagnosis of viral infections in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. However, standard solid-phase enzyme immunoassays often do not display sufficient sensitivity for the diagnosis of all cases of viral infections. Techniques which might be utilized to increase the sensitivity of solid-phase immunoassays include the use of monoclonal antibodies to maximize the efficiency of the antigen-antibody interactions and the use of high-turnover enzymes to increase the amount of signal generated by the ensuing enzyme-substrate reactions. In addition, techniques making use of nucleic acid hybridization have a great deal of potential for the accurate detection of viral nucleic acids in human body fluids. The successful application of these techniques to the diagnosis of viral infections could lead to a marked improvement in the care of patients with suspected infectious diseases as well as to a decrease in the transmission of viral infections to high-risk individuals.

Published
1986

150. New prospects for the diagnosis of viral infections

Author

Yolken, R. H., Coutlee, F., and Raphael Viscidi

Subjects
Virus Diseases, Animals, Humans, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, RNA Probes, DNA Probes, Oligonucleotide Probes, Research Article, Forecasting
Abstract

The diagnosis of viral infections is important for the accurate management of patients with infectious diseases and for the monitoring of the course of epidemics in susceptible populations. The utility of traditional viral diagnostic assays is limited by the time, expense, and expertise required for the performance of tissue culture techniques. Similarly, the application of immunoassay techniques has been inhibited by the limited degrees of sensitivity and specificity which can be attained by most immunoassay methods. Recently, techniques for the identification of DNA and RNA have been applied to the detection of viral nucleic acids in clinical samples. Such assays have a number of potential advantages over corresponding immunoassays directed at the detection of viral antigens. In order to be generally applicable to clinical diagnosis, however, formats for the detection of viral nucleic acids have to be devised which allow for the reproducible quantitation of target DNA or RNA in human body fluids. Furthermore, formats need to be devised which allow enhanced assay sensitivity while maintaining high degrees of specificity and reproducibility. The use of non-isotopic labeling, liquid-phase hybridization, and target amplification techniques offers partial solutions to these problems. The development of practical assays for the detection of viral nucleic acids under a broad range of clinical and laboratory conditions would represent a major advance in the ability of physicians to care for patients with suspected infections.

Published
1989

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