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The author plans to choose the best planning project in the base of the comprehensive benefit of diversified planning projects. AHP Method and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method were applied. The result indicate that the index of the added plantation amount, improved degree of the plantation quality and so on are the leading factors to affect comprehensive benefit, and are the chief factors to confirm the best planning project. It takes on better practicability to choose the planning project of the land consolidation by applying Analytical Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method.

Kurla is one of the fastest developing areas in the Western part of china. From 2001, its economic got the fastest developing and it's urban scale sprawl towards other land around center city, all those changes significantly impact on its ecosystem services and functions. The objective of the study here was investigated variations in land use and ecosystem services due to urban sprawl in Kurla. The aim is to provide useful information for kurla parent land use planning policy and for policy makers concerned with sustainable development. In this paper, based on the coefficients published by Costanza in 1997 were revisal on coefficients and were used to value changes in ecosystem services delivered by ten land cover category, and sensitivity analysis was combined to determine the effect of manipulating these coefficients on the estimated values.

Aiming at the problems of site-selection for this land consolidation project, this paper combines the GIS and computer technology with site-selection consideration to achieve the automation and intelligence. The result showed that compared with the traditional methods, the site-selection system we designed has certain advantages such as improving the suitability, improving the potential, saving the project quantity, enhancing the landscape effects of land consolidation and so on. Meanwhile, the application of computer technology has reduced the workload of land consolidation and saved land consolidation cost and also improved the accuracy and science of land consolidation project site-selection. It provides an effective assistant decision-making tool for making land consolidation planning and for selecting land consolidation projects site.

This paper describes a spatial optimization and fuzzy evaluation system embedded in a geographic information system (GIS) environment for obtaining an optimal land consolidation project site. The system was done by integrating the cellular automata model (CA), simulated annealing model (SA), and the fuzzy model into ArcGIS 9.2 as a toolbar (DLL) using ArcObjects in ArcGIS and Visual Basic. In this system, a GIS-based interface module was used together with a CA and spatial connectivity model in order to obtain the local optimum land consolidation district, then obtained global optimum site selection programs under the different constraints through the SA model, finally took advantage of the fuzzy model to choose the best optimal program as the land consolidation project site. The selected site showed high-connectivity, high-potentiality, eco-environmental situations, and economical project volume features. The system supports the preliminary study stage of land consolidation, reduces time and cost of land consolidation plans, decreases subjective effects, improves scientific land consolidation project site selection, and can be applied to land consolidation projects of major grain production areas in central China, shows the system is feasible and effective.

Efficiency of input factors is key factor to increase grain production. This paper utilizes of data envelopment analysis model (DEA) and the methods of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) with GIS spatial analytical technology, to measure social and economic factor efficiency of grain production, analyze spatial-temporal changes and regulations, between 1990 and 2005 on 172 counties in Hebei Province of china. The result showed: the DEA and ESDA models combined with GIS spatial analytical method can objectively and precisely estimate the social and economic factor efficiency of grain production and spatially and visually express the result availably. The spatial concentration effect of grain production input factor efficiency in Hebei Province is significant, Global-spatial Autocorrelation coefficient, between 1990 and 2005, is larger than 0.35. The features of Local-Autocorrelation Spatial layout are significant. Correlation analysis indicated that the TFP factor influencing grain production input factor efficiency during the research period had alternate changes. In the future, the concentration degree of factor should be strengthened in grain production in order to increase the intensive use of farmland and increase the scale performance of input factors.

The region, especially at the municipal level, plays a very important role in the implementation of sustainable development strategy, it is fundamental to evaluate the ability of regional sustainable development in Jiangsu Province for making the development strategies. The purpose of this study is to set up an index system for evaluating regional sustainable development, and evaluate the ability of regional sustainable development in Jiangsu province based on the method of principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicate that the scores of PCA correctly reflect the present regional development situation; different cities in Jiangsu province are faced with different problems in regional sustainable development, to improve the economic strength, reduce the spatial difference, simultaneously take use of resources rationally and protect environment should be the main contents of regional sustainable development in Jiangsu province.

This paper applies environmental isotope techniques to interpret recharge mechanisms and estimate transit time of a covered karst aquifer in semiarid NW China. The aquifer is of major importance to the water supply of the region, in particular in meeting the increasing demand on water resources and in sustainability assessment in the future. Deuterium, oxygen-18 and tritium of 459 samples were analyzed from precipitation, surface water and groundwater during one hydrological year. Based on the isotope analysis, the Ordovician carbonate recharge to the aquifer is mainly from direct infiltration of atmospheric water in carbonate outcrops in Sandao and the Dacha valley. Stable isotopes show that karst groundwater in the Dacha valley seems to have recharged in a catchment area with a mean elevation of 1685–1854 m. The distinct independent isotope composition of water in the limestone aquifer in the Dacha valley from that in Anguo suggests no interconnection between them. However, the temporal evolution of the stable isotopes concentrations, the tritium contents and the hydrochemistry show the existence of an interconnection between Dacha and Sando Ordovician limestone aquifers. The isotope compositions also show that the groundwater in the Ordovician limestone is a mixture of old groundwater with modern recharge from local infiltration. The maximum percentage of modern water is 71%, which was usually found at the intensively fractured areas. Adopting a model with exponent and piston time distribution, the mean turnover time of groundwater in the Ordovician carbonate rocks was evaluated to be 36 years. The size of the groundwater reservoir is estimated to be 0.134 billion m 3 and the mean storage coefficient is 0.0073.

The Sanjiang Plain of north-east China is presently the second largest freshwater marsh in China. The drainage and use of marshes for agricultural fields occurred in the past 50 years, resulting in the increase in cultivated land from about 2.9 × 108 m2 in 1893 to 4.57 × 1010 m2 in 1994. Under human disturbance in the past half century, the environment in Sanjiang Plain has had significant change. We hypothesised that environmental factors such as soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil N levels affect the rates of soil organic C mineralisation and the nature of the controls on microbial CO2 production to change with depth through the soil profile in the freshwater marsh in the Sanjiang Plain. In a series of experiments, we measured the influence of soil temperature, soil water content, and nitrogen additions on soil microbial CO2 production rates. The results showed that Q10 values (the factor by which the CO2 production rate increases when the temperature is increased by 10°C) significantly increased with soil depth through the soil profile (P 0.80. The sensitivity of microbial CO2 production rate response to soil water content for surface soils (0–0.2 m) was slightly lower than for subsurface soils (0.2–0.6 m). The responses of actual soil respiration rates to nitrogen fertilisation were different for surface and subsurface soils. In the surface soils (0–0.2 m), the addition of N caused a slight decreased in respiration rates compared with the control, whereas, in the subsurface soils (0.2–0.6 m), the addition of N tended to increase microbial CO2 production rates, and the addition of 10 µg N/g soil treatment caused twice the increase in C mineralisation rates of the control. Our results suggested that the responses of microbial CO2 production to changes in soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil N levels varied with soil depth through the profile, and subsurface soil organic C was more sensitive to temperature increase and nitrogen inputs in the freshwater marsh of the Sanjiang Plain.