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Background: Traditional angiography only displays two-dimensional images of the coronary arteries during stent implantation. However, intravascular imaging can show the structure of the vascular wall, plaque characteristics. This article aims to evaluate the efficacy of intravascular imaging-guided stent implantation.Method: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of intravascular imaging-guided, including patients with stent implantation guided by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT) and traditional angiography. The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, web of science, and Cochrane Library were searched. The primary outcome was target lesion revascularization (TLR). The secondary outcomes included the target vessel revascularization (TVR), myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), cardiac death, all-cause death, and the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during the 6-24 months follow-up. The fixed-effects model was used to calculate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the outcome event. Meanwhile, the trial sequence analysis was employed to evaluate the results.Result: This meta-analysis included eighteen randomized controlled trials with 10413 patients. Compared with angiography-guided stent implantation, intravascular imaging-guided stent implantation can significantly reduce the risk of TLR (RR 0.62, 0.49-0.77, P＜0.0001), TVR (RR 0.65, 0.52-0.81, P = 0.0001), cardiac death (RR 0.59; 0.39-0.91; P =0.02) , ST (RR 0.54, 0.30-0.97; P = 0.04) and MACE (RR 0.81, 0.71-0.93; P = 0.003), while there was no significant difference regarding MI (RR 0.78, 0.61-1.00, P = 0.05) and all-cause death (RR 0.85, 0.58-1.27, P = 0.44).Conclusions: Compared with angiography, intravascular imaging-guided stent implantation is associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (Registered by PROSPERO, CRD 42021289205).

The classical Sonogashira reaction of aryl electrophiles in the presence of Pd catalysts has been well established as a potent method for arylalkyne synthesis. However, the site-selective C(sp2)–C(...

This paper puts forward an image encryption approach using chaotic maps and genetic operations. First, the Keccak algorithm is employed to compute the hash values of a plain-image as the initial values for chaotic map. The sensitivity and pseudo randomness of chaotic map used for the initial conditions allows for pseudorandom sequences to be obtained by iterative logistic map to shuffle and permute the pixel positions and values of the image. Second, in combination with the Henon map and the DNA coding technique, genetic operations at the bit level are used to achieve pixel selection, crossover and mutation, as well as further completion of pixel diffusion and scrambling, which significantly increases the difficulty of deciphering the algorithm. Finally, the diffusion and confusion features of the algorithm are further strengthened by bidirectional exclusive OR operations with chaotic sequences. The theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the algorithm is sensitive to keys and can effectively defend statistical and differential attacks, indicating that it has good security and application potential.

Creation of leaf color mutants is the options in the study of photosynthesis, chloroplast development and Chlorophyll biosynthesis. In this study, a leaf color mutant NAU31 was identified from tissue culture of common wheat. In general, the mutant exhibited whole plant yellowing, fewer tillering, dwarfing and interestingly, improved resistance to wheat powdery mildew. Photosynthetic physiological analysis showed that the chloroplast inner structure varied in the mesophyll cells of the mutant, and this may lead to reduced chlorophyll content (chlorophyll “a”, Chlorophyll “b”, total chlorophyll and carotenoid), as well as decreased maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and net photosynthetic rate. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the impairing of photosynthesis may be responsible for plant yellowing of NAU31. Inheritance analysis showed that NAU31 was a gain-of-function mutant and the yellowing trait was controlled by a dominant gene, namely Taymg (yellow mutant gene). SSR markers analysis preliminarily mapped Taymg to the distal short arm of chromosome 2D using an F2 population from the cross between NAU31 and W7984, a synthesized wheat. The mapping result was confirmed by BSA using a 55 K wheat SNP array. Through recombinants screening, the Taymg was finely mapped to the terminal region of 2DS, flanked by markers ZH47 and gwm296 and corresponding to a physical interval of 0.76 Mb. The cloning of Taymg will facilitate the dissection of the mechanism involved in chloroplast development of wheat and the coordinating of plant development and disease resistance.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and blood glucose and lipid levels in people over 18 years of age in Gansu, China. Subjects and Methods A total of 1928 volunteers (958 males and 970 females) were selected. The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in the vitamin D deficiency group (

GC/MS coupled metabolomics analysis, using a simplified and much less expensive silylation process with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN), was conducted to investigate metabolic abnormalities in stomach cancer cells. Under optimized conditions for derivatization by TMSCN and methanol extraction, 228 metabolites were detected using GC/MS spectrometry analysis, and 89 metabolites were identified using standard compounds and the NIST database. Ten metabolite levels were found to be lower in stomach cancer cells relative to normal cells. Among those ten metabolites, four metabolites-ribose, proline, pyroglutamic acid, and glucose-were known to be linked to cancers. In particular, pyroglutamic acid level showed a drastic reduction of 22-fold in stomach cancer cells. Since glutamine and glutamic acid are known to undergo cyclization to pyroglutamic acid, the 22-fold reduction might be the actual reduction in the levels of glutamine and/or glutamic acid-both known to be cancer-related. Hence, the marked reduction in pyroglutamic acid level might serve as a biomarker to aid early detection of stomach cancer. Graphical abstract.

To improve the effectiveness and security of image encryption, this article proposes an image encryption scheme based on a Y-index Space Filling Curve (SFC) and variable step Josephus traversal. The scheme adopts a confusion-diffusion structure. First, a novel Y-index SFC is designed. SFC is a method of continuously traversing each pixel of an image to encrypt the image, and images are confused by the Y-index SFC. Second, the random sequences generated by the chaotic map are taken as the starting point and step length of the Josephus traversal, and the pixels of the image are scrambled at a bit-level to change the values of the pixels. By changing the step length, the diversity of the Josephus traversal is increased. Finally, ciphertext feedback and chaotic sequence operations are used to further enhance the confusion and diffusion characteristics of the algorithm. By analyzing the experimental results and comparing them with the results of other image encryption algorithms, we show that this algorithm performs better and achieves higher security than other algorithms.

MnO2–CoOX catalysts with different Mn/Co ratios were prepared using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as an assistant to control the morphology and exposed crystal faces of composite oxides. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were systematically characterized and the catalytic activity of NH3-SCR and resistance to SO2/H2O were investigated. It was found that the NO conversion over Mn–Co-0.2-PVP was apparently higher compared with that over Mn–Co-X-PVP (X = 0.9, 0.8, 0.6, and 0.4). This can be interpreted in terms of exposed crystal surface (110) and enhanced adsorption of NH3/NO, and better redox performance resulting from higher Co3+/Co2+ ratio. Furthermore, different PVP and HAc additives have different H2O and SO2 resistance. Mn–Co-0.2-PVP showed good resistance to H2O and SO2 poisoning owing to having more low-temperature (∼200 °C) NO adsorption sites, which are beneficial to promote the de-NOX reaction and less affected by SO2.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association of the anti-oxidative damage factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). METHODS: A prospective study was conducted. The neonates who were hospitalized in Yanbian Hospital from 2019 to 2020 were enrolled as subjects, among whom there were 30 infants with PPROM, 32 infants with term premature rupture of membranes (TPROM), and 35 full-term infants without premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the inflammatory changes of placental tissue. Immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 in placental tissue. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 in placental tissue. RESULTS: Compared with the PPROM group, the TPROM group and the non-PROM full-term group had significantly higher positive expression rates and relative protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 in placental tissue (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The low expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 in placental tissue may be associated with PPROM, suggesting that anti-oxidative damage is one of the directions to prevent PPROM.

Tubulin affects platelets count through the control of mitosis and the formation of pro-platelets during the maturation of megakaryoblast to platelets. Tubulin is involved in maintaining the integrity of platelet skeleton, and also participates in the change of platelet morphology during platelet activation. Some new anti-tumor drugs targeting cell mitosis are trying to reduce the effect on tubulin in order to reduce the side effect of drugs on platelet formation. In some patients with thrombocytopenia, the variation and polymorphism of the tubulin gene affect the structure of microtubule multimers, which leads to the decrease of platelet formation. This review summarized the latest progresses of tubulin in the regulation of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.微管蛋白在巨核细胞发育和血小板数量调控中的 作用机制研究进展. 微管蛋白在巨核祖细胞向血小板发育成熟的过程中通过对有丝分裂的控制和原血小板的形成影响血小板的数量。在血小板中微管蛋白参与维持血小板骨架的完整，并在血小板活化过程中参与血小板形态的改变。一些以细胞有丝分裂为靶向的抗肿瘤新药正试图有针对性地减少对微管蛋白的影响以减轻药物对血小板生成的抑制作用。临床上一些血小板减少症患者由于微管蛋白基因的变异和多态性影响了微管多聚体的结构从而导致血小板生成减少。本文对微管蛋白在巨核细胞发育成熟和血小板生成调控过程中的最新研究进展作一综述。.

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is typical aircraft materials to be difficult machined. Ultrasonic elliptical vibration-assisted milling has been proved to greatly enhance machining performance. In ultrasonic elliptical vibration milling(UEVM), the cutting edge moves in 3D space, reducing extrusion friction between the flank and machined surface, and playing an important role in high precision-efficient manufacturing of difficult-to-cut materials. This paper focused on the stability analysis and flutter supression of ultrasonic elliptical vibration milling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. There are separated and unseparated types of ultrasonic elliptical vibration milling systems, which stability is analyzed in this study by simulating their tool tip motion paths. The essence of the tip and workpiece at high-frequency separation is revealed through analysis of cutter tooth path in UEVM. Next, the coordinate method is used to set up the window function to facilitate the derivation of true instantaneous chip thickness. The dynamic model of UEVM is established to study the system stability and plot its stability prediction lobes diagrams. The effect of machining parameters on the system stability is assessed and discussed in detail. The prediction results show that the stability region and axial depth of cut grow with the increase of feed rate per tooth and decrease of ultrasonic frequency. Among the six groups of ultrasonic amplitude parameters studied, the optimal system's stability corresponds to the ultrasonic amplitudes of 5 and 3μm in the x-and y-directions, respectively. Finally, stability tests of UEVM are performed, which results well match the numerical simulation predictions. This implies that the proposed window function is adequate, the theoretical model is valid, and the predicted stability curve is feasible and reliable.

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is essential to prevent the risk of ischemia events, but it is difficult to avoid concurrent bleeding events. East Asians are associated with a higher tendency of bleeding than Caucasians, which may affect the DAPT duration. Therefore, this network meta-analysis to explore optimum DAPT duration for East Asians. The related randomized controlled trials that compared the different DAPT duration in East Asian patients were included by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library database. The outcomes included myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, all-cause death, stroke, and major bleeding. In addition, net adverse cardiac and cardiovascular events was defined as a composite outcome in this study. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for end point events by the fixed effects model in the Bayesian's network frame. We included a total of 12 randomized controlled trials with 30,640 patients. Compared with 12-month DAPT, 1- to 3-month DAPT is effective in myocardial infarction (OR 0.72, 0.46-1.08), stents thrombosis (OR 1.27, 0.59-2.84), all-cause death (OR 0.91, 0.65-1.28), and stroke (OR 0.89, 0.57-1.39). The 1- to 3-month DAPT was associated with a lower risk of major bleeding compared with 12-month DAPT (OR 0.55, 0.4-0.76), 6-month DAPT (OR 0.54, 0.31-0.94), and12-month DAPT (OR 0.43, 0.28-0.65). In addition, more than 12 months of DAPT did not reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction (OR 0.75, 0.51-1.11) and increased the risk of major bleeding (OR 1.28, 0.88-1.87) compared with 12-month DAPT. The 1- to 3-month DAPT was more secure and effective than the other 3 DAPT strategies. Although East Asians have a higher risk of bleeding, more than 12 months of DAPT does not increase this incidence of major bleeding.

Although recent clinical investigations emphasize the roles of myriad diversities of RNAs in stromal and immune components in the tumor microenvironment, especially in colon adenocarcinoma, however, analyses of “competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA)” network in association with stromal and immune scores have yet to be determined. This study was conducted to explore the regulatory mechanisms of a stromal-immune score-based ceRNA network in colon adenocarcinoma. Stromal and immune scores of colon adenocarcinoma tumor samples were calculated by using the ESTIMATE algorithm. Differential expression analysis between samples with high/low stromal and immune scores was performed, followed by functional annotation for the overlapping DEmRNAs. The ceRNA network was constructed by differential expression analysis, prediction of RNA-RNA interaction, and correlation with clinicopathological parameters of the patients, which were further verified by external datasets and experiments. Colon adenocarcinoma patients having higher immune scores exhibited prolonged overall survival. RNA dataset analyses from TCGA revealed aberrant expressions of a total of 2052 mRNAs, 108 lncRNAs, and 70 miRNAs between high and low stromal/immune groups. Functional annotation mapped the differentially overexpressed mRNAs for immune-associated GO terms. To construct the ceRNA network, a total of 48 lncRNAs, 40 miRNAs, and 199 mRNAs were sorted out. A dysregulated ceRNA network consisting of 6 lncRNAs, 11 miRNAs, and 39 mRNAs was constructed by comparing RNA expressions between cancer as well as adjacent normal tissues. The ceRNA regulatory axis “MIAT/miR-532-3p/STC1” was regarded as a potential hit by the comprehensive analysis. The RT-qPCR assay showed upregulation of MIAT and STC1 while downregulation of hsa-miR-532-3p expression in cancer. Thus, our study highlights the potential role of a stromal-immune score-based ceRNA network in the colon adenocarcinoma microenvironment. The ceRNA axis MIAT/miR-532-3p/STC1 could serve as a promising therapeutic target for colon adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: This meta-analysis was conducted to study the efficacy and safety of switching from potent P2Y12 inhibitors to clopidogrel, because there is no definite conclusion on the strategy.Method: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, and compared the efficacy and safety of de-escalation or not of anti-platelet therapy. The relevant randomized controlled trials were included by searching several databases. Net adverse clinical events were identified as the composite endpoint, which was defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, stroke and bleeding at 12 months after ACS. The efficacy endpoints were cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, stroke, all-cause death and stent thrombosis. Bleeding was designed as the safety endpoint. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of endpoint events were calculated by the fixed effects model. Result: Six randomized controlled trials with 7627 patients met inclusion criteria. There were significant differences in the risk of net adverse clinical events (RR 0.67, CI 0.58–0.78, P < 0.00001), and bleeding endpoint (0.61, 0.52–0.71, P < 0.00001) between the two groups. However, there were no significant differences in the risk of all efficacy endpoints.Conclusions: The strategy of de-escalation from prasugrel/ticagrelor to clopidogrel can reduce the incidence of net adverse clinical events and bleeding events in patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (Registered by PROSPERO at July 04 2021, ID 265782).

In order to understand the role of symbionts for their insect hosts, it is customary to treat them with antibiotics or to sterilize eggs (treatments), resulting in aposymbiotic and axenic insects, respectively. Such axenic insects can then be compared with untreated controls. Fruit flies often bear complex communities which are greatly reduced by such treatments. However, the bacterial community is not completely eliminated. Here, we examine the effect of these procedures on the structure of the remaining bacterial communities in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) and on the insect longevity. The antibiotics (Norfloxacin and Ceftazedime) were administered to 1-day-old adult flies through sugar meal for 7 days, and eggs were surface sterilized and dechorionated to produce axenic lines. The flies were starved of protein before they were offered full diets or diets containing non-essential amino acids only. Antibiotic and egg disinfection treatments resulted in a significant reduction of the vast majority of gut bacterial populations, especially Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. On the other hand, antibiotic allowed the persistence of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria populations. In untreated control flies, longevity was extended irrespective of diet quality in comparison to treated flies. Conversely, when gut bacteria were largely reduced (aposymbiotic and axenic flies), longevity was reduced in the non-essential amino acids diet treatment versus slightly improved in the presence of a protein diet. We discuss these results in an ecological–life-history perspective.

Background The inflammation hypothesis of atherosclerosis has been put forward for more than 20 years. Although many animal experiments have suggested that anti-inflammatory therapy can inhibit the atherosclerotic process, the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is still controversial. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with CAD. Method We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by searching PubMed, EMBASE, web of science, and Cochrane Library database. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke. The secondary outcomes included individual MI, coronary revascularization, cardiovascular death, all-cause death, and stroke. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for outcome events were calculated by the fixed effects model, and trial sequential analysis was applied to assess the results. Result A total of ten randomized controlled trials and 60,782 patients with CAD was included. Compared with patients receiving placebo, anti-inflammatory therapy significantly reduced the incidence of the primary outcome in patients with CAD (RR 0.93, 0.89–0.98, P = 0.007). In addition, the anti-inflammatory therapy can also reduce the risk of MI (RR 0.90, 0.84–0.96, P = 0.002) and coronary revascularization (RR 0.74, 0.66–0.84, P P = 0.14), all-cause death (RR 1.00, 0.94–1.07, P = 0.98) and stroke (RR 0.96, 0.85–1.09, P = 0.51) between two groups. Conclusions Anti-inflammatory therapy can reduce the incidence of the primary outcome in patients with CAD, especially the risk of MI and coronary revascularization. However, anti-inflammatory therapy increases the risk of infection. (Registered by PROSPERO, CRD 420212291032).

The risk of bleeding is high in East Asians, whether East Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome choose ticagrelor or clopidogrel is still controversial. In this study, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library database, and other sources were systematically searched. The primary efficacy outcome was all-cause death, the primary safety outcomes were any bleeding, PLATO major bleeding, and fatal bleeding. The secondary outcomes included vascular-cause death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, stroke, and dyspnea. A total of 8 randomized controlled trials with 3597 patients met inclusion criteria. Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor had significantly higher incidence of any bleeding [risk ratio (RR), 1.63; 1.33-1.99; P0.00001], PLATO major bleeding (RR 1.56; 1.15-2.12; P = 0.004), and dyspnea (RR 2.60; 1.68-4.00; P0.00001). However, ticagrelor was associated with a significantly reduced risk of stent thrombosis (RR 0.42; 0.19-0.92; P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in the risk of all-cause death (RR 0.87; 0.64-1.24; P = 0.44), fatal bleeding (RR 2.49; 0.79-7.86; P = 0.12), vascular-cause death (RR 0.88; 1.60-0.30; P = 0.52), myocardial infarction (RR 0.89; 0.65-1.23; P = 0.49), and stroke (RR 0.84; 0.47-1.50; P = 0.56) between the 2 groups. The present findings demonstrated that ticagrelor was associated with a higher risk of any bleeding, PLATO major bleeding, and dyspnea compared with clopidogrel in East Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, it significantly reduced the risk of stent thrombosis. (Registered by PROSPERO, CRD42021255215).

Background and Objective: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is the basis for preventing ischemic events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and DAPT for 12 months has been the standard strategy recommended by the guidelines. However, patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have a higher risk of thrombosis, and the application of very short-term DAPT (1–3 months) in patients with ACS is consistently controversial. The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of DAPT for 1–3 months in patients with ACS who were implanted with drug-eluting stents (DES).Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared the very short-term (3 months or less) with long-term (12 months or more) DAPT in patients with ACS after PCI. The randomized controlled trials were included by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library database. The relative risk (RR) and 95% CIs for endpoint events were calculated by the fixed effects model, and trial sequential analysis was applied to calculate the anticipated sample size and assess the results.Result: A total of eight randomized controlled trials with 16,492 patients who met the inclusion criteria were conducted. There were no significant statistic differences in myocardial infarction (RR 1.05, 0.82–1.35, P = 0.68), stents thrombosis (RR 1.32, 0.85–2.07, P = 0.22), all-cause death (RR 0.87, 0.66–1.13, P = 0.29), and target vessel revascularization (RR 0.93, 0.76–1.13, P = 0.47). However, there were significant differences in major bleeding (RR 0.60, 0.50–0.73, P < 0.00001) and the net adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (RR 0.84, 0.74–0.95, P = 0.007).Conclusions: The strategy of DAPT for 1–3 months not only has a significant effect in patients with ACS who were implanted with DES but also reduces the risk of major bleeding. The scheme of short-term DAPT followed by P2Y12 receptor inhibitor monotherapy is especially beneficial for patients with ACS. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis are based on the application of new generation DES and new oral antiplatelet drugs in patients with ACS, which are difficult to use in the general population (Registered by PROSPERO, CRD 42020210520).Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD 42020210520.

BACKGROUND Chickpea protein isolate (CPI) originating from chickpeas has the advantages of facilitating the stability of food emulsions. Stevioside (STE) exhibits a notable surface activity and can improve the water solubility of numerous hydrophobic nutrients. STE and protein mixtures show great potential as emulsions stabilizers. The present study aimed to prepare a novel nanoemulsion for encapsulating lutein (LUT) by ultrasonic homogenization using chickpea protein isolate-stevioside complex (CPI-STE) as a stabilizer and also to investigate the physicochemical characteristics. RESULTS The results obtained showed that different preparation conditions demonstrated significant influences on the physicochemical properties of CPI-STE-LUT nanoemulsions. Under the optimal condition, the average particle size of CPI-STE-LUT nanoemulsions was 195.1 nm, and the emulsifying and encapsulation efficiencies of lutein were 91.04% and 87.56%, respectively. CPI-STE-LUT nanoemulsions stabilized by CPI-STE could significantly increase the emulsifying and encapsulation efficiencies of lutein compared to that stabilized by CPI. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that hydrogen bond was the main binding force of CPI and lutein, and there was a covalent bond between the two molecules. Furthermore, the stability of CPI-STE-LUT nanoemulsions in gastrointestinal phase was higher than that of CPI-LUT nanoemulsions, which could load lutein more effectively and be more resistant to digestive enzymes. CONCLUSION The present study reports the physicochemical characterization of CPI-STE-LUT nanoemulsions for the first time. CPI-STE-LUT nanoemulsions were characterized by a small average particle size lower than 200 nm, as well as high emulsifying and encapsulation efficiencies, and good stability. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

With the rapid development of new energy such as wind and solar energy, its connection to the grid brings many problems to the safe and stable operation of the power system. So it has great significance to develop seawater variable-speed pumped storage unit for regulation and energy storage. In order to meet the grid harmonic requirement, the common solution is to add the grid side filter for the high-power NPC (neutral point clamping) topology grid-connected converter. But the filter will increase the volume, weight and cost of the equipment, and reduce the system reliability. Therefore, to ensure that the grid current meets the requirement of the standard IEEE 519, this paper adopts a grid-connected optimal modulation algorithm without adding the filter. And the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by simulation and experiment.

BACKGROUND A seed blend, also called refuge in a bag (RIB), is used as a strategy to provide refuge for planting pyramided Bt corn in the U.S. Corn Belt. A major concern for the RIB strategy is cross-pollination between Bt and refuge plants, which may reduce susceptible populations of ear-feeding insects like Helicoverpa zea and affect the evolution of resistance. Previous studies showed a 5:95% (Non-Bt: Bt) RIB would be unlikely to provide sufficient refuge populations of H. zea for resistance management. In this study, we extended our research and conducted multiple trials to determine if three RIB plantings with greater refuge sizes (10, 20, and 30% refuge) could provide sufficient H. zea susceptible populations to delay resistance development. RESULTS Experimental results showed that cross-pollination in 10:90%, 20:80%, and 30:70% RIB plantings still significantly reduced larval survival, delayed larval development and decreased the pupal size of H. zea on refuge plants. Regression analysis showed that the percent reduction of neonate-to-adult survivorship, relative to the survivorship on pure non-Bt ears, was significantly negatively correlated with the refuge percentage. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that, approximately a 15% non-Bt refuge plants in RIB plantings could produce a similar number of susceptible adult moths as a 5% structured refuge planting, while an approximately 30% non-Bt refuge plant in RIB plantings could provide a similar number of susceptible moths as a 20% structured refuge planting. Information generated from this study should be useful in refining resistance management strategies for Bt crop technologies. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Background Pair-rule genes were identified and named for their role in segmentation in animal embryos. Paired, a homolog of mammalian PAX3, acts as one of several pair-rule genes and is key in defining the boundaries of future parasegments and segments during insect embryogenesis. Results We cloned the paired gene from the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, and then applied CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to investigate its physiological function in the embryonic stage of this pest. We identified one transcript for a paired homolog in B. dorsalis, which encodes a protein containing a Paired Box domain and a Homeobox domain. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the paired gene is highly conserved and the gene was highly expressed at the 12-14 h-old embryonic stage. Knock-out of Bdpaired led to lack of segment boundaries, cuticular deficiency, and embryonic lethality. Sequence analysis of the CRISPR/Cas9 mutants exhibited different insertion and deletions in the Bdpaired locus. In addition, the relative expression of Wingless (Wg) and Abdominal A (Abd-A) genes were significantly down-regulated in the Bdpaired mutant embryos. Conclusion These results indicate that Bdpaired gene is critical for the embryonic development of B. dorsalis, and could be a novel molecular target for genetic-based pest management practices to combat this serious invasive pest. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Copy-move (region duplication) is one of the most common types of image forgeries, in which at least one part of an image is copied and pasted onto another area of the same image. The main aims of the copy-move forgery are to overemphasize a concept or conceal objects by duplicating some regions. Keypoint-based copy-move forgery detection (CMFD) schemes extract image keypoints and employ local image features to identify duplicated regions, which exhibits remarkable detection performance with respect to memory requirement, computational cost, and robustness. To enhance the performance of keypoint-based CMFD approaches, here are three issues that need to be solved: the non-uniform distribution of image keypoints, the low discriminatory power of local image descriptor, and the high computational cost and low matching efficiency of feature matching strategy. In order to overcome these issues, we propose a new copy-move forgery detection method based on adaptive keypoints extraction and matching in this paper. First, we extract the image keypoints using the adaptive uniform distribution threshold. Second, the binary robust invariant scalable keypoints (BRISK) descriptor is introduced to represent the local image feature of image keypoints. Afterwards, local BRISK descriptors are employed to match image keypoints by using embedded random ferns approach, which formulates the required matching as a discriminative classification problem. Finally, the falsely matched keypoints pairs are eliminated by utilizing the random sample consensus (RANSAC), and the fast mean-residual normalized intensity correlation (NNPROD) is employed to locate the tampering area. We evaluate the performance of the proposed CMFD method in detail by conducting several simulation experiments, and the experimental results have shown that the detection and localization accuracy of the proposed method is superior to that of the state-of-the-art approaches recently proposed in the literature, even in adverse conditions.

Objective This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with the occurrence of thyroid nodules. Methods A total of 2719 volunteers from some areas of Gansu Province, China, who participated in the national survey of thyroid diseases and iodine nutrition status (Tide) and diabetes prevalence, were selected. Their height, weight, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure were recorded. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma postprandial glucose (2hPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels were measured. The prevalence of MetS and thyroid nodules was evaluated, and the correlation between each component of MetS and thyroid nodules was studied. Results The prevalence of MetS and thyroid nodules was 15.4% and 17.2%, respectively. WC, SBP, body mass index, FPG, 2hPG, TG, TC, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were significantly higher in the thyroid nodule group. The prevalence of thyroid nodules was significantly higher in the MetS group. A positive correlation was found between the degree of metabolic disorder and the occurrence of thyroid nodules. WC was found to be a risk factor for the occurrence of thyroid nodules. For WC≥90 cm, an increase in the independent variables led to a significant rise in the incidence of thyroid nodules. Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in the MetS group. The WC of the MetS components might be an independent risk factor for the occurrence of thyroid nodules.

In this study, historical surface solar radiation (1850–2005) and future photovoltaic power output (2006–2100) are analyzed to investigate the spatial distribution and long-term variation in global solar energy based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models and the Global Energy Balance Archive (GEBA) database. The results show that global mean surface solar radiation significantly decreased by 0.014 W m−2 year−1 in 1850–2005. According to the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC5), surface solar radiation significantly decreased by 3.42 W m−2 year−1 in 1951–1992 and increased by 4.75 W m−2 year−1 in 1993–2005. Global dimming and brightening were observed before and after the 1990s, respectively. The transition of surface solar radiation from dimming to brightening in Europe and the southeastern United States was detected in the 1980s. Stations in Northeast China, Japan, Southeast Africa, the Middle East, and the west coast of India all showed renewed decreasing trends after the 1990s. The direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic aerosols and cloudiness in different periods and regions were the main causes of the changes. To better understand the utilization of global solar energy, global potential photovoltaic power outputs were estimated in future scenarios with an empirical model. Significant increases in potential photovoltaic power are expected in East Asia, Europe, Central Africa and Central America in 2006–2100. The largest increase is expected in central China, where increases are occurring at 3 kWh m−2 year−1. Significantly decreasing potential photovoltaic power is observed in North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia and Australia. The greatest decrease is observed in the Tibetan Plateau area (approximately −3.0 kWh m−2 year−1 in 2006–2100). With respect to the global distribution of potential photovoltaic power output, large quantities of photovoltaic power are distributed in the northern and southern parts of Africa, the Middle East, the Tibetan Plateau area, the west coasts of North and South America and most of Australia. The yearly mean sum photovoltaic power in these regions is larger than 2000 kW h m−2. Due to the long-term decreasing photovoltaic power (0.67 kWh m−2 year−1) expected worldwide in 2006–2100, effective and rational utilization of solar energy is of great importance.

Endogenous aldehydes (EAs) formed by the free-radical-mediated reaction are regarded as potential biological markers of several diseases. In this work, an automated and solvent-free analytical method was developed for quantitative analysis of seven EAs (C1-C7) in human blood by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with a headspace generator sampler (HS-GC-MS). A 1:4 (blood:water) dilution and the 1,2‑dibromopropane internal standard were introduced to reduce the influence of the matrix effect from complex biological fluids. The sample preparation steps were simplified. Various experimental parameters for derivatization and extraction conditions were studied such as HS extraction temperature and time, the amount of derivatization reagent, pH and the salt effect. Under these optimum conditions, seven low-mass aldehydes were separated and analyzed within 10 min. Additionally, this method achieved limits of detection in the range of 0.0692-0.864 μg/L, an excellent linearity with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9996 and appropriate repeatability and reproducibility values (RSD 12% at low, middle and high levels). The HS-GC-MS method was applied to measure the concentrations of the seven aldehydes in blood from bladder cancer patients (n = 15) and control subjects (n = 15). Compared with the control subjects, the levels of butanal (p 0.01), formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, pentanal, hexanal and heptanal (all p 0.001) were increased significantly, indicating that EAs may be useful as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Bacteria inhabiting the gut of insects provide many benefits to their hosts, such as aiding in food digestion, reproduction, and immunity, tissue homeostasis, adaptation to environment and resistance to pathogen and pesticides. The cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus, is a serious cosmopolitan pest of pulses. This beetle has lent itself as a guinea pig for several ecological studies. It harbors a consortium of bacterial communities in its gut, but the evidence for their role in its physiology is fragmentary. In this work, we hypothesized that gut microbiota mediates C. maculatus resistance to dichlorvos (DDVP or O,O-dimethyl O-2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate) and represent the target of Lippia adoensis (Gambian Tea Bush) essential oil (EO). Symbiotic and aposymbiotic beetles were exposed to artificial cowpea seeds earlier treated with DDVP or EO. Adult mortality and changes in gut bacterial community composition and abundance were examined at F1 and F5 generations. The susceptibility of experimental beetles to DDVP was significantly affected by their symbiotic status. The adult mortality decreased across generations in DDVP treatments, and remained significantly higher in aposymbiotic groups. In EO treatments, the mortality was consistent irrespective of symbiotic status and experimental generations. When compared to DDVP and the Control, EO treatments had significantly lower bacterial richness and diversity, as well as lower abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. These results support our hypothesis and describe the responses of gut microbial communities to pesticide treatments. This could be of interest for developing new management strategies of this pest.

A dual-phase Ni–Mn–Ga alloy, composed of an austenite matrix with stably existing martensite embryos, was designed for the experimental and theoretical investigation of the evolution of the crystallographic structure during step-wise stress-induced martensite detwinning and martensite transformation. This research provides an insight into the detwinning mechanisms of a hierarchical twinning structure and crystallographic characterization of a three-stage austenite–martensite transformation., Stress-induced martensitic detwinning and martensitic transformation during step-wise compression in an austenite Ni–Mn–Ga matrix with a martensite cluster under uniaxial loading have been investigated by electron backscatter diffraction, focusing on the crystallographic features of microstructure evolution. The results indicate that detwinning occurs on twins with a high Schmid factor for both intra-plate and inter-plate twins in the hierarchical structure, resulting in a nonmodulated (NM) martensite composed only of favourable variants with [001]NM orientation away from the compression axis. Moreover, the stress-induced martensitic transformation occurs at higher stress levels, undergoing a three-stage transformation from austenite to a twin variant pair and finally to a single variant with increasing compressive stress, and theoretical calculation shows that the corresponding crystallographic configuration is accommodated to the compression stress. The present research not only provides a comprehensive understanding of martensitic variant detwinning and martensitic transformation under compression stress, but also offers important guidelines for the mechanical training process of martensite.

The lower developmental threshold (LDT) and the number of developmental degree days (DDs) are fundamental parameters used to build phenology models that can be used to predict the timing of biological events during insect development. The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most destructive citrus pest in China and Bhutan. This species overwinters as diapausing pupae in the soil before emerging as adults in the spring. In this study, B. minax collected from three representative geographical populations in China (Guizhou, Hubei, and Shaanxi) was used to conduct LDT experiments under laboratory conditions. Emergence data collected from pupae exposed to 10 constant temperatures was used to estimate the LDT and DDs required to complete pupal development for the three populations. The results show that LDT and DDs values for the Hubei and Shaanxi population are 11.9°C, 447.3 DDs and 11.5°C, 511.3 DDs, respectively. However, the geographic variation in pupal developmental rates was not statistically significant between the two populations. In addition, the Guizhou population was identified as a mixture of B. minax and B. tsuneonis (Miyake). The LDT and DDs values for the Hubei and Shaanxi populations obtained in this study can be used to predict adult emergence of naturally occurring field populations of B. minax within the majority of the citrus-growing production areas of China. These data can also be used in models to predict the risk of establishment of this species in the United States or other citrus-growing regions.

Ectropisgrisescens Warren (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is one of the most severe defoliating pests of tea plants. Synthetic pesticides have been widely applied to control this pest in tea plantations, but pesticide residues may decrease the quality and safety of tea products. In the present study, we hypothesized that soil treatment with the two commercial biopesticides (Shuiguxin®) based on Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) could reduce the survivorship and fitness of E. grisescens. Wandering larvae of E. grisescens were allowed to pupate in soil treated with each biopesticide, and the concentrations of M. anisopliae (Shuiguxin®) and B. bassiana (Shuiguxin®) that produced the 50% mortality values (LC50) were 2.9 × 106 and 1.6 × 107 conidia/g soil, respectively. Artificial burying the pupae using soil treated with M. anisopliae (Shuiguxin®) and B. bassiana (Shuiguxin®) (1 × 108 or 1 × 109 conidia/g soil for both biopesticides) also significantly reduced emergence success of E. grisescens. In addition, choice tests showed that soil treated with the high concentration of M. anisopliae (Shuiguxin®) or B. bassiana (Shuiguxin®) had repellent effects on pupating E. grisescens. However, sublethal concentrations (LC25 and LC50) of both biopesticides did not significantly affect fecundity, fertility and longevity of post-emerged adults. Our study showed that soil treatment with the two commercial biopesticides caused direct mortality of pupating E. grisescens, but may not effectively suppress E. grisescens populations at sublethal concentrations. The realistic application of the fungal dosage in fields should be determined in future studies

BACKGROUND The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is the first target pest that has developed resistance to Bt crops across several countries. Leaf tissue and whole plant assays were employed to determine the survival, development, progeny production, and net reproductive rate of all nine possible genotypes of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-dual gene resistant S. frugiperda on non-Bt and MON 89034 maize expressing the Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 proteins. RESULTS The homozygous resistant genotype was highly resistant to Bt plants. Genotypes possessing only Cry2Ab2 resistance alleles (RAs) or two Cry1A.105 RAs only were susceptible to MON 89034 with a functional dominance level (DML ) of 0.0-0.07 on MON 89034 plants. In contrast, genotypes containing two Cry1A.105 plus one Cry2Ab2 RA performed well on Bt plants, with a DML of 0.11-0.78. Significant numbers of survivors on Bt plants were also observed for genotypes containing a single Cry1A.105 RA, or a Cry1A.105 plus one or two Cry2Ab2 RAs, with a DML of 0.0-0.47. CONCLUSIONS The fitness of individual resistant genes on pyramided Bt plants varied in the dual-gene resistance system. Genotypes containing more Cry1A.105 RAs performed better than those possessing more Cry2Ab2 RAs. The functional dominance level of an individual resistant gene in this system is related to the DML level in its corresponding single-gene system. Data generated from this study should fill gaps in understanding dual-/multiple-gene Bt resistance, as well as providing useful information for refining resistance modeling, improving resistance risk assessment, and developing management strategies for the sustainable use of pyramided Bt maize technology. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Objectives This study depicts the dose-response relationship between blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in different trimesters. Study design We used restricted cubic spline to quantify the dose-response relationship between maternal BP in different trimesters and risk of adverse birth outcomes (small for gestational age, SGA; and pre-term birth, PTB). The data were from the Ma’anshan birth cohort study in China (N = 3273). Main outcome measures Risk of SGA and PTB. Results There were dose-response associations of both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with risk of SGA in the third trimester and with PTB in both second and third trimesters. In the third trimester, compared with SBP of 120 mmHg, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of SGA were 1.12 (1.01–1.19), 1.32 (1.10–1.60), 1.65 (1.20–2.27) and 2.05 (1.30–3.24) for SBP of 125, 130, 135 and 140 mmHg, respectively. The corresponding ORs and 95% CIs of PTB were 1.15 (1.00–1.32), 1.59 (1.28–1.98), 2.35 (1.66–3.33) and 3.47 (2.10–5.73), respectively. Compared with DBP of 70 mmHg, the ORs and 95% CIs of SGA were 1.44 (1.16–1.78) and 3.04 (2.06–4.50) for DBP of 80 and 90 mmHg, respectively. The corresponding ORs and 95% CIs of PTB were 1.32 (0.93–1.90) and 3.58 (2.21–5.78), respectively. Conclusions A consistent set of dose-response relationships between maternal BP and adverse birth outcomes were observed. Most importantly, we found that moderately elevated maternal BP, even within a normal range, increased the risk of adverse birth outcomes.

Intermolecular asymmetric dearomative 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 2-nitrobenzofurans with azomethine ylides was enabled by using a chiral Cu(i)/(S,Sp)-iPr-Phosferrox catalyst. As a result, a series of highly stereoselective chiral [2,3]-fused hydrobenzofurans possessing four contiguous stereogenic centers were obtained with good to high yields, diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities. The reaction has broad substrate scope tolerating various functional groups.

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith.), is an important pest that has developed resistance to Bt corn in several countries. In this study, leaf-tissue bioassays and whole-plant tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of a Bt-susceptible (aabb), a Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual-gene resistant (AABB), and a heterozygous (AaBa) genotypes of S. frugiperda on two non-Bt and five pyramided Bt corn traits. The five Bt corn traits were Genuity® VT Double Pro® (VT-2P) containing Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 genes, Optimum®Intrasect® (Intrasect) containing Cry1F and Cry1Ab, Genuity® SmartStax® (SMT) containing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry1F against lepidopteran pests, Optimum® Leptra® (Leptra) containing Cry1Ab, Cry1F, and Vip3A, and Trecepta ™ (Trecepta) containing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Vip3A. Larvae of the three genotypes survived well on non-Bt corn, while few aabb survived on Bt corn plants. Survivorship of AABB on Bt leaf tissue was 43.7% for VT-2P, 29.7% for Intrasect, and 47.7% for SMT, and live larvae were recovered from 46.9% of VT-2P, 12.5% of Intrasect, and 21.9% of SMT whole plants. Some AaBb larvae also survived on these three Bt corn traits. In contrast, leaf tissue of Leptra and Trecepta killed all three genotypes, and few larvae survived on whole plants of the two Bt corn traits. The results demonstrated that AABB was highly resistant to VT-2P, and somewhat cross-resistant to Intrasect and SMT. The dual-gene resistance in AABB was non-recessive on VT-2P. Pyramided corn traits containing Vip3A were effective against the three genotypes. However, Vip3A in the current pyramided Bt corn traits apparently is the only fully active Bt protein against the Cry1/Cry2-resistant S. frugiperda. More effective resistance management plans are necessary to suppress resistance to Bt crops and sustain the value of these technologies.

The cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a field-to-store pest, which can cause up to 80% damage of cowpea grains within 3 months of storage. The control approach consisting of application of synthetic pesticides has become challenging following the increased resistance and toxicity to non-target organisms and the environment. Here, we hypothesized that Lippia adoensis essential oil (EO) (plant-based insecticide) can repress cytochrome P450-dependent mono-oxygenase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes and suppress C. maculatus resistance to dichlorvos (O,O-dimethyl-O-2,2-dichlorovinylphosphate or DDVP). The methods consisted of separately exposing C. maculatus adults to cowpea seeds treated with DDVP and L. adoensis EO. Their physiological and molecular responses were monitored for five generations. Adult mortality of DDVP-treated beetles significantly decreased across generations and negatively correlated with the reproduction parameters (increase in fecundity and adult emergence) and seed damage. Similarly, the decrease in adult susceptibility corresponded with the increase in the expression levels of cytochrome P450 and GST genes (overexpression of genes). However, the adult susceptibility to EO treatments remained consistent across generations and correlated with the down-regulation of targeted genes from the third generation (F3). These results support our hypotheses and provide a probable molecular basis of resistance to DDVP and susceptibility to L. adoensis EO in C. maculatus. Therefore, L. adoensis EO represents an alternative insecticide that could be employed to enhance the vulnerability of this pest.

Vision plays a critical role in host location and oviposition behavior for herbivorous insects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying visual regulation in host recognition and oviposition site selection in insects remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the key visual genes that are linked to the host plant location of the fruit fly, Bactrocera minax.Using a host specialist fruit fly, B. minax, which lays eggs only into immature green citrus fruit, we undertook behavioral, transcriptomic, and RNAi research to identify the molecular basis for host fruit color recognition. In laboratory and field assays we found that adults prefer green over other colors, and this preference is significantly increased in sexually mature over immature flies. Furthermore, we identified that the Rh6 gene, responsible for green spectral sensitivity, has elevated expression in mature flies over immature flies. RNAi suppression of Rh6 eliminated the preference for green, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of eggs laid by B. minax in green unripe citrus.These results show that the Rh6 gene modulates the visual mechanism of host utilization in B. minax, providing a genetic basis for visual host location in a non-model insect herbivore. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Daily measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and other meteorological parameters at 16 stations in China during 2005–2015 were used to develop the all-weather Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) PAR models. The ANFIS models were compared with other semi-empirical and semi-physical methods, and the results showed that ANFIS models using global solar radiation (G) as input parameter provided more accurate estimates than other models. Daily PAR values during 1961–2016 were reconstructed using meteorological parameters at 908 meteorological stations, and the spatiotemporal characteristics of PAR in China were analyzed. The daily PAR ranged from 20.03 to 36.29 mol m−2 day−1 with annual mean value being about 29.03 mol m−2 day−1 in China during 1961–2016. The PAR values were generally higher in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and Inner Mongolian Plateau (IMP) and lower in Northeast and Southeast China, especially in the Sichuan Basin. PAR decreased in most part of China, especially in Northeast China, with the minimum value being about − 0.11 mol m−2 day−1 year−1 during 1961–2016. The increasing trend only appeared in Southwest China with the maximum value being about 0.02 mol m−2 day−1 year−1. Annual mean daily G, PAR fraction (Fp, the ratio of PAR and G), sunshine duration (SSD), relative humidity (RH), and water pressure (MP) were further analyzed to find the influencing parameters for PAR. The results showed that G, Fp, and SSD were the major factors for influencing PAR in most part of China, but in some areas, RH and MP influenced the PAR more effectively. Finally, the monthly variations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the Yangtze River Basin gathered from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Level 3 Atmosphere Product during 2002–2016 were analyzed, which was one important factors influencing the PAR values in summer and winter months.

Wavelet denoising and the separability index of state feature class are proposed to evaluate the denoising effect. While introducing the Fisher standard discriminant rate F to measure class separability, the Fisher standard discrimination rate of each characteristic parameter after noise detection by using the rigrsure-sln soft threshold for airflow pulsation and fan noise signal are improved obviously. In this paper, the G-P algorithm is used to calculate the relationship among airflow pulsation, fan noise and vibration signal. It is found that rigrsure-sln soft-threshold method is better than other threshold method for denoising the airflow pulsation and the fan noise signal. The phase diagram of the airflow pulsation and the noise collection signal of the ventilator are disordered due to the influence of noise, and the signal after wavelet denoising shows a clear and regular chaotic attractor.

To explore the prognostic factors of young and middle-aged patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the predictive value of minimal residual disease (MRD) before consolidation therapy.The clinical data of 262 middle-risk young and middle-aged patients with AML treated in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2018 were selected retrospectively. All the patients were reached morphological leukemia-free state (MLFS) after induction chemotherapy, the overall and subgroup clinical data of the selected patients were analyzed. Cox regression model was used to evaluate the independent prognostic factors of middle-risk newly diagnosed young and middle-aged patients.Among the patients less than 40 years old treated by consolidation therapy with PR-CT and allo-HSCT regimens, the 5-year cumulative leukemia-free survival(LFS) rates were 40.92% and 63.51%（P=0.01）respectively, while those over 40 years old were 23.61% and 49.14%（P=0.00）, respectively. The 5-year cumulative LFS rates of the patients treated by chemotherapy and achieved early remission and late remission were 63.51% and 41.33% （P=0.01）, respectively. The 5-year cumulative overall survival(OS) rates of the patients treated by PR-CT and allo-HSCT regimens were 23.65% and 69.32% (P=0.00), respectively, and the 5-year cumulative LFS rates were 26.44% and 52.30% (P=0.01). Among the patients treated by PR-CT consolidation treatment, the MRD-negative and MRD-positive cases were 74 and 60 cases, respectively. The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse rate in the MRD-negative subgroup was significantly lower than those in the MRD-positive subgroup (P0.05), the 5-year LFS rate and OS rate of the patients in MRD-negative subgroup were significantly higher than those in MRD-positive subgroup (P0.05). For the patients treated by allo-HSCT consolidation treatment, the MRD-negative and MRD-positive cases were 66 and 62 cases, respectively. The 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse rate of the patients in MRD-negative subgroup was significantly lower than those in MRD-positive subgroup（P0.05）, and the 5-year LFS and OS rates of the patients in MRD-negative subgroup were significantly higher than those in MRD-positive subgroup (P0.05). The univariate analysis results showed that age, chromosome karyotype, MRD status after reaching MLFS, and consolidation treatment regime were all related to the prognosis of patients (P0.05). The multivariate analysis results showed that age, MRD status after reaching MLFS, and consolidation therapy were the independent factors affecting the cumulative OS rate of the patients (P0.05). Chromosome karyotype was an independent factor affecting the cumulative LFS rate of the patients (P0.05). MRD status and consolidation treatment plan after reaching MLFS were the independent factors affecting the cumulative recurrence rate of the patients (P0.05).The OS rate of middle-risk young and middle-aged patients with newly diagnosed AML is independently related to age, MRD status after MLFS and consolidation therapy, while chromosome karyotype is independently related to cumulative LFS, and allo-HSCT consolidation therapy is recommended for middle-risk young and middle-aged AML patients after induction chemotherapy for MLFS, especially for those less than 40 years old and MRD positive before consolidation therapy.中危初诊中青年AML患者预后的影响因素及巩固治疗前MRD预测价值研究.探讨中危初诊中青年急性髓系白血病（AML）患者预后的影响因素及巩固治疗前微小残留病变（MRD）预测价值.回顾性选取本院2010年1月-2018年12月收治中危初诊中青年AML共262例，所有患者均在诱导化疗后达形态学无白血病状态（MLFS），对患者的总体和亚组临床数据进行分析。采用Cox回归模型评价中危初诊中青年AML患者的预后独立影响因素.40岁的患者中，巩固治疗接受PR-CT和allo-HSCT方案5年累积无白血病生存（LFS）率分别为40.92%、63.51%（P=0.01）；而≥40岁的患者则分别为23.61%、49.14%（P=0.00）；诱导化疗早期缓解和晚期缓解5年累积LFS率分别为63.51%、41.33%（P=0.01）；接受PR-CT和allo-HSCT方案治疗5年累积总生存（OS）率分别为23.65%、69.32%（P=0.00），5年累积LFS率分别为26.44%、52.30%（P=0.01）。接受PR-CT巩固治疗的患者中，MRD阴性和阳性分别为74和60例；MRD阴性亚组5年累积复发率显著低于MRD阳性亚组（P0.05）；接受PR-CT患者中，MRD阴性亚组5年LFS率和OS率均显著高于MRD阳性亚组（P0.05）。接受allo-HSCT巩固治疗的患者中，MRD阴性和阳性分别为66和62例；MRD阴性亚组5年累积复发率显著低于MRD阳性亚组（P0.05）；allo-HSCT患者中，MRD阴性亚组5年LFS率和OS率均显著高于MRD阳性亚组（P0.05）。单因素分析结果显示，年龄、染色体核型、达MLFS后MRD状态及巩固治疗方案均与患者预后有关（P0.05）。多因素分析结果显示，年龄、达MLFS后MRD状态及巩固治疗方案是患者累积OS率的独立影响因素（P0.05）；染色体核型是患者累积LFS率的独立影响因素（P0.05）；达MLFS后MRD状态和巩固治疗方案是影响患者累积复发率的独立影响因素（P0.05）.中危初诊中青年AML患者总生存与年龄、达MLFS后MRD状态及巩固治疗方案独立相关，而染色体核型则与患者累积LFS独立相关；对于中危中青年AML患者诱导化疗达MLFS后推荐接受allo-HSCT进行巩固治疗，尤其适用于＜40岁且巩固治疗前MRD阳性人群.