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579 results on '"Yin, Xiaobo"'

101. Expression and cell transformation activity of dynactin‐associated protein isoforms

Author

Yin, Xiaobo, primary, Yamada, Shota, additional, Kobayashi, Hiroaki, additional, Tanaka, Ryota, additional, Togo, Yuki, additional, Hosoi, Miho, additional, Tsuchida, Mie, additional, Kunoh, Tatsuki, additional, Wada, Shuichi, additional, Nakamura, Toshinobu, additional, Sasaki, Ryuzo, additional, Mizukami, Tamio, additional, and Hasegawa, Makoto, additional

Published
2021
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107. A graphene-based broadband optical modulator

Author

Liu, Ming, Yin, Xiaobo, Ulin-Avila, Erick, Geng, Baisong, Zentgraf, Thomas, Ju, Long, Wang, Feng, and Zhang, Xiang

Subjects
Semiconductors -- Research, Graphene -- Optical properties -- Reorganization and restructuring, Company organization, Company restructuring/company reorganization, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Integrated optical modulators with high modulation speed, small footprint and large optical bandwidth are poised to be the enabling devices for on-chip optical interconnects (1,2). Semiconductor modulators have therefore been heavily researched over the past few years. However, the device footprint of silicon-based modulators is of the order of millimetres, owing to its weak electro-optical properties (3). Germanium and compound semiconductors, on the other hand, face the major challenge of integration with existing silicon electronics and photonics platforms (4-6). Integrating silicon modulators with high-quality-factor optical resonators increases the modulation strength, but these devices suffer from intrinsic narrow bandwidth and require sophisticated optical design; they also have stringent fabrication requirements and limited temperature tolerances (7). Finding a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible material with adequate modulation speed and strength has therefore become a task of not only scientific interest, but also industrial importance. Here we experimentally demonstrate a broadband, high-speed, wave-guide-integrated electroabsorption modulator based on monolayer graphene. By electrically tuning the Fermi level of the graphene sheet, we demonstrate modulation of the guided light at frequencies over 1 GHz, together with a broad operation spectrum that ranges from 1.35 to 1.6 µm under ambient conditions. The high modulation efficiency of graphene results in an active device area of merely 25 µ[m.sup.2], which is among the smallest to date. This graphene-based optical modulation mechanism, with combined advantages of compact footprint, low operation voltage and ultrafast modulation speed across a broad range of wavelengths, can enable novel architectures for on-chip optical communications., Graphene, a single sheet of carbon atoms in a hexagonal lattice, has attracted great interest because of its exceptional electrical and optical properties (8,13). Graphene couples strongly to light, which [...]

Published
2011
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109. Probing the electromagnetic field of a 15-nanometre hotspot by single molecule imaging

Author

Cang, Hu, Labno, Anna, Lu, Changgui, Yin, Xiaobo, Liu, Ming, Gladden, Christopher, Liu, Yongmin, and Zhang, Xiang

Subjects
Electromagnetic fields -- Optical properties -- Observations, Imaging systems -- Methods, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

When light illuminates a rough metallic surface, hotspots can appear, where the light is concentrated on the nanometre scale, producing an intense electromagnetic field. This phenomenon, called the surface enhancement effect (1,2), has a broad range of potential applications, such as the detection of weak chemical signals. Hotspots are believed to be associated with localized electromagnetic modes (3,4), caused by the randomness of the surface texture. Probing the electromagnetic field of the hotspots would offer much insight towards uncovering the mechanism generating the enhancement; however, it requires a spatial resolution of 1-2 nm, which has been a long-standing challenge in optics. The resolution of an optical microscope is limited to about half the wavelength of the incident light, approximately 200-300 nm. Although current state-of-the-art techniques, including near-field scanning optical microscopy (5), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (6), cathode luminescence imaging (7) and two-photon photoemission imaging (8) have subwavelength resolution, they either introduce a non-negligible amount of perturbation, complicating interpretation of the data, or operate only in a vacuum. As a result, after more than 30 years since the discovery of the surface enhancement effect (9-11), how the local field is distributed remains unknown. Here we present a technique that uses Brownian motion of single molecules to probe the local field. It enables two-dimensional imaging of the fluorescence enhancement profile of single hotspots on the surfaces of aluminium thin films and silver nanoparticle clusters, with accuracy down to 1.2 nm. Strong fluorescence enhancements, up to 54 and 136 times respectively, are observed in those two systems. This strong enhancement indicates that the local field, which decays exponentially from the peak of a hotspot, dominates the fluorescence enhancement profile., The study of the surface enhancement effect mirrors the development of surface analysis techniques. Previous optical experiments revealed that the roughness of the surface has a critical role in determining [...]

Published
2011
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132. Direct ethanol production from dextran industrial waste water by Zymomonas mobilis

Author

Furong Tan, Lichun Dai, Bo Wu, Yin Xiaobo, Qichun Hu, Zhiyong Ruan, Zong-Xia Shui, Han Qin, and Mingxiong He

Subjects
Ethanol, biology, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, General Chemistry, Ethanol fermentation, Raw material, biology.organism_classification, Pulp and paper industry, Zymomonas mobilis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Wastewater, Biochemistry, Fermentation, Ethanol fuel, Sugar
Abstract

The direct production of ethanol from dextran industrial waste water was investigated by using Zymomonas mobilis via batch and semi-continuous fermentation mode. In batch fermentation, pretreated waste water (unsterilized and sterilized), pH value (3.8 and 6.0), and Mg2+ (with and without) was compared with OD600, sugar and ethanol concentration. After 24 h fermentation, sugar in the dextran waste water was almost exhausted, and the amount of ethanol accumulated reached 24.33–29.92 g/l, which is nearly 99% of the theoretical yield of ethanol. Kinetic parameters of Z. mobilis in batch fermentation were also investigated. The raw dextran waste water was also used in semi-continuous fermentation. After 48 h fermentation, the production of ethanol was 28.65 g/l. These results indicated that dextran waste water may be used as a candidate substrate and Z. mobilis could convert the raw material into ethanol directly.

Published
2014

146. Adaption of microbial community during the start-up stage of a thermophilic anaerobic digester treating food waste

Author

Zhang Min, Li Zhengwei, Li Qiang, Yin Xiaobo, Deng Yayue, Guoquan Hu, Chen Jingtao, Xiao-Lan He, Bo Wu, Mingxiong He, Wang Xing, and Han Qin

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Acidogenesis, Microorganism, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, 010608 biotechnology, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Food science, Anaerobiosis, Molecular Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Waste Products, Bacteria, Ecology, Thermophile, Organic Chemistry, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, General Medicine, Start up, Adaptation, Physiological, Archaea, Food waste, Anaerobic digestion, Kinetics, Microbial population biology, Food, Anaerobic exercise, Biotechnology
Abstract

A successful start-up enables acceleration of anaerobic digestion (AD) into steady state. The microbial community influences the AD performance during the start-up. To investigate how microbial communities changed during the start-up, microbial dynamics was analyzed via high-throughput sequencing in this study. The results confirmed that the AD was started up within 25 d. Thermophilic methanogens and bacterial members functioning in hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and syntrophic oxidation became predominant during the start-up stage, reflecting a quick adaption of microorganisms to operating conditions. Such predominance also indicated the great contribution of these members to the fast start-up of AD. Redundancy analysis confirmed that the bacterial abundance significantly correlated with AD conditions. The stable ratio of hydrogenotrophic methanogens to aceticlastic methanogens is also important to maintain the stability of the AD process. This work will be helpful to understand the contribution of microbial community to the start-up of AD.

Published
2016

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