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Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) with high energy densities have been demonstrated the potential for energy-intensive demand applications. However, their commercial applicability is hampered by hysteretic electrode reaction kinetics and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). In this work, an interlayer consisting of high-entropy metal oxide (Cu0.7Fe0.6Mn0.4Ni0.6Sn0.5)O4 grown on carbon nanofibers (HEO/CNFs) is designed for LSBs. The CNFs with highly porous networks provide transport pathways for Li+ and e−, as well as a physical sieve effect to limit LiPSs crossover. In particular, the grapevine-like HEO nanoparticles generate metal-sulfur bonds with LiPSs, efficiently anchoring active materials. The unique structure and function of the interlayer enable the LSBs with superior electrochemical performance, i.e., the high specific capacity of 1381 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 561 mAh g−1 at 6 C. This work presents a facile strategy for exploiting high-performance LSBs.

In this paper, to study the mechanical responses of a solid propellant subjected to ultrahigh acceleration overload during the gun-launch process, specifically designed projectile flight tests with an onboard measurement system were performed. Two projectiles containing dummy HTPB propellant grains were successfully recovered after the flight tests with an ultrahigh acceleration overload value of 8100 g. The onboard-measured time-resolved axial displacement, contact stress and overload values were successfully obtained and analysed. Uniaxial compression tests of the dummy HTPB propellant used in the gun-launched tests were carried out at low and intermediate strain rates to characterize the propellant's dynamic properties. A linear viscoelastic constitutive model was employed and applied in finite-element simulations of the projectile-launching process. During the launch process, the dummy propellant grain exhibited large deformation due to the high acceleration overload, possibly leading to friction between the motor case and propellant grain. The calculated contact stress showed good agreement with the experimental results, though discrepancies in the overall displacement of the dummy propellant grain were observed. The dynamic mechanical response process of the dummy propellant grain was analysed in detail. The results can be used to estimate the structural integrity of the analysed dummy propellant grain during the gun-launch process.

Epididymitis or epididymo-orchitis is a common urological condition in males characterized by scrotal pain, swelling, and potential urinary symptoms. Although antibiotics can eliminate the causative pathogens, persistent inflammation may compromise spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. The testis, an immune-privileged organ, possesses a specialized immune microenvironment that shields germ cells (GCs) from autoimmune attacks and orchestrates immune defenses against pathogens. This review focuses on the complex interplay between immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells (MCs), and T cell subsets, in the testis. The roles of these immune cells in infection-induced orchitis were deliberated upon, emphasizing their involvement in inflammation and immune tolerance. Furthermore, the implications of testicular fibrosis and its effect on male infertility are discussed, emphasizing the role of MCs in tissue remodeling. The objective of this review is to expand comprehension of male reproductive health and foster the identification of potential therapeutic targets for epididymo-orchitis.

Abstract Ruthenium (Ru) has been recognized as a prospective candidate to substitute platinum catalysts in water‐splitting‐based hydrogen production. However, minimizing the Ru contents, optimizing the water dissociation energy of Ru sites, and enhancing the long‐term stability are extremely required, but still face a great challenge. Here, we report on creating tungsten oxide‐anchored Ru clusters (Ru–WOx) with electron‐rich and anti‐corrosive microenvironments for efficient and robust seawater splitting. Benefiting from the abundant oxygen vacancy structure in tungsten oxide support, the Ru–WOx exhibits strong Ru–O and Ru–W bonds at the interface. Our study elucidates that the strong Ru–O bonds in Ru–WOx may accelerate the water dissociation kinetics, and the Ru–W bonds will lead to the strong metal–support interaction and electrons transfer from W to Ru. The optimal Ru–WOx catalysts exhibit a low overpotential of 29 and 218 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline and seawater media, respectively. The outstanding long‐term stability discloses that the Ru–WOx catalysts own efficient corrosion resistance in seawater electrolysis. We believe that this work offers new insights into the essential roles of electron‐rich and anti‐corrosive microenvironments in Ru‐based catalysts and provide a new pathway to design efficient and robust cathodes for seawater splitting.

Aiming at the problems of low integration of enterprises in various parts of the construction process, low productivity, serious waste of resources, and poor construction safety, this project constructs a framework for optimizing the construction process based on BIM-DT through an in-depth analysis of the characteristics and development status of the digital twin technology and BIM technology. The framework is a complete cycle system, including data management system, BIM modeling system, and digital twin model, which are integrated with each stage of survey and design, construction preparation, construction, and operation and maintenance, respectively. Finally, in the empirical study, the construction phase is taken as the object of study, and the data management system is constructed to comprehensively demonstrate the realization process of each system, and the BP neural network is utilized for fault diagnosis.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. We previously showed that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improved mitochondrial function in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice. Because Alzheimer’s disease affects the entire brain, further research is needed to elucidate alterations in mitochondrial metabolism in the brain as a whole. Here, we investigated the expression of several important mitochondrial biogenesis-related cytokines in multiple brain regions after treatment with neural stem cell-derived exosomes and used a combination of whole brain clearing, immunostaining, and lightsheet imaging to clarify their spatial distribution. Additionally, to clarify whether the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-related pathway plays a regulatory role in neural stem cell-derived exosomes interfering with mitochondrial functional changes, we generated a novel nervous system-SIRT1 conditional knockout APP/PS1 mouse model. Our findings demonstrate that neural stem cell-derived exosomes significantly increase SIRT1 levels, enhance the production of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors, and inhibit astrocyte activation, but do not suppress amyloid-β production. Thus, neural stem cell-derived exosomes may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease that activates the SIRT1-PGC1α signaling pathway and increases NRF1 and COXIV synthesis to improve mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, we showed that the spatial distribution of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors is disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease, and that neural stem cell-derived exosome treatment can reverse this effect, indicating that neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis.

Background & Aims: Restoring hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity is critical to prevent or reverse metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Glucose homeostasis comprises in part the complex regulation of hepatic glucose production and insulin-mediated glucose uptake and oxidation in peripheral tissues. We previously identified hepatocyte arginase 2 (Arg2) as an inducible ureahydrolase that improves glucose homeostasis and enhances glucose oxidation in multiple obese, insulin-resistant models. We therefore examined structure-function determinants through which hepatocyte Arg2 governs systemic insulin action and glucose oxidation. Methods: To do this, we generated mice expressing wild-type murine Arg2, enzymatically inactive Arg2 (Arg2H160F) and Arg2 lacking its putative mitochondrial targeting sequence (Arg2Δ1-22). We expressed these hepatocyte-specific constructs in obese, diabetic (db/db) mice and performed genetic complementation analyses in hepatocyte-specific Arg2-deficent (Arg2LKO) mice. Results: We show that Arg2 attenuates hepatic steatosis, independent of mitochondrial localization or ureahydrolase activity, and that enzymatic arginase activity is dispensable for Arg2 to augment total body energy expenditure. In contrast, mitochondrial localization and ureahydrolase activity were required for Arg2-mediated reductions in fasting glucose and insulin resistance indices. Mechanistically, Arg2Δ1-22 and Arg2H160F failed to suppress glucose appearance during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping. Quantification of heavy-isotope-labeled glucose oxidation further revealed that mistargeting or ablating Arg2 enzymatic function abrogates Arg2-induced peripheral glucose oxidation. Conclusion: We conclude that the metabolic effects of Arg2 extend beyond its enzymatic activity, yet hepatocyte mitochondrial ureahydrolysis drives hepatic and peripheral oxidative metabolism. The data define a structure-based mechanism mediating hepatocyte Arg2 function and nominate hepatocyte mitochondrial ureahydrolysis as a key determinant of glucose oxidative capacity in mammals.

Prefabricated vertical drains combined with heating is a new approach to improving the mechanical properties of soft clay foundations. Rising temperatures cause the formation of concentric and radially aligned soil regions with distinct heterogeneous characteristics. This results in incomplete contact between adjacent soil layers, with the water in the interstices impeding heat transfer and manifesting as a thermal resistance effect. Based on the theory of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling, a two-dimensional dual-zone axisymmetric marine soft soil model improved by a prefabricated vertical thermo-drain has been established. A generalized incomplete thermal contact model has been proposed to describe the thermal resistance effect at the interface of concentric soil regions. The effectiveness of the numerical solution presented in this paper is verified by comparison with semi-analytical solutions and model experiments. The thermal consolidation characteristics of concentric regions of soil at various depths under different thermal contact models were discussed by comprehensively analyzing the effects of different parameters under various thermal contact models. The outcomes indicate that the generalized incomplete thermal contact model provides a more accurate description of the radial thermal consolidation characteristics of concentric regions of soil. The influence of the thermal conductivity coefficient on the consolidation characteristics of the concentric regions soil is related to the thermal resistance effect.

Background: This paper aims to analyse the active components of Semen cuscutae (SC) by network pharmacology and screen the most stable compounds with tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) by molecular docking to explore the mechanisms of SC treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and provide a theoretical basis for drug development.Methods: The active compounds of SC and the potential inflammatory targets of RSA were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and GeneCards, respectively. The RSA-SC target gene interaction network was obtained and visualized using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were obtained from DAVID to further explore the RSA mechanism and therapeutic effects of SC. Interactions between TNF-α and drugs were analysed by molecular docking. Treatment of human trophoblast cells with sesamin and TNF-α was carried out to detect their proliferative and apoptotic abilities, and WB assay was carried out to detect EGFR, PTGS2, and CASP3 protein expression.Results: Ten compounds and 128 target genes were screened from SC, of which 79 overlapped with RSA target inflammatory genes, which were considered potential therapeutic targets. Network pharmacological analysis showed that sesamin, matrine, matrol, and other SC compounds had a good correlation with the inflammatory target genes of RSA. Related genes included PGR, PTGS1, PTGS2, TGFB1, and CHRNA7. Several signalling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of RSA, such as the TNF-α signalling pathway, HIF-1 signalling pathway, oestrogen signalling pathway, proteoglycans in cancer cells, and FoxO signalling pathway. Molecular docking results suggested that sesamin was the most suitable natural tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi). Sesamin can promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in human trophoblasts by downregulating EGFR and CASP3 expression and upregulating PTGS2 expression.Conclusion: Our findings play an important role and basis for further research into the molecular mechanism of SC treatment of RSA and drug development of TNFi.

Objectives This study aims to examine the prevalence of comorbidities in adult patients with psoriasis and compare them with those in control subjects without psoriasis in Tianjin, China.Design The study is a cross-sectionalanalysis.Participants The participants were established by identifying all patients (age ≥18 years) who visited hospitals and clinics in Tianjin between 1 January 2016 and 31 October 2019.Setting The study group consisted of 20 678 adult patients with psoriasis, and a comparison group was created after 1:1 propensity score matching. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the risk of 22 comorbidities for these two groups.Results Patients with psoriasis had a significantly higher prevalence of 11 comorbidities and a lower prevalence of 2 comorbidities within 12 months of follow-up. Our results also showed that the proportion of psoriatic arthritis might account for approximately 2% of all patients with psoriasis. This psoriatic arthritis group had a higher average age and CCI (Charlson Comorbidity Index) index score (2.27 >1.62, p

Abstract The 2D semiconductors are an ideal platform for exploration of bosonic fluids composed of coupled photons and collective excitations of atoms or excitons, primarily due to large excitonic binding energies and strong light‐matter interaction. Based on first‐principles calculations, it is demonstrated that the phonon polaritons formed by two infrared‐active phonon modes in monolayer MoSi2N4 and WSi2N4 possess ultra‐high confinement factors of around ≈105 and 103, surpassing those of conventional polaritonic thin‐film materials by two orders of magnitude. It is observed that the first bright exciton possesses a substantial binding energies of 750 and 740 meV in these two monolayers, with the radiative recombination lifetimes as long as 25 and 188 ns, and the Rabi splitting of the formed cavity‐exciton polaritons reaching 373 and 321 meV, respectively. The effective masses of the cavity exciton polaritons are approximately 10−5me, providing the potential for high‐temperature quantum condensation. The ultra‐confined and ultra‐low‐loss phonon polaritons, as well as strongly‐coupled cavity exciton polaritons with ultra‐small polaritonic effective masses in these two monolayers, offering the flexible control of light at the nanoscale, probably leading to practical applications in nanophotonics, meta‐optics, and quantum materials.

Abstract Background With the continuous improvement of people’s health needs, the public’s requirements for medical care are also getting higher and higher. Work engagement is a positive psychological state related to the work. It is very important to maintain nurses’ work engagement, however, due to many factors, the level of nurses’ work engagement is not high and nursing managers should identify the influencing factors of work engagement, and take positive measures to fully improve nurses’ work engagement. Objectives To explore the influence of compassion fatigue, professional identity and sense of coherence on nurses’ work engagement. Methods From January 2022 to June 2022, convenience sampling was used to select clinical nurses from 9 tertiary hospitals in Henan Province of China as the research objects for a questionnaire survey. Statistical methods included descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and the PROCESS Macro Model 4 and 7 in regression analysis. Results The results showed that compassion fatigue was significantly negatively correlated with sense of coherence, professional identity and work engagement (P

A self-designed spherical Ti64 powder containing nanosized TiB whisker(TiBw) was developed by electrode induction melting gas atomization (EIGA), which was used as feedstock to prepare Ti64-TiBw composites by electron beam melting (EBM). Nano-scaled TiBw distributed along the grain boundaries, forming a discontinuous network structure in EBM-Ti64-TiBw composites. In order to elucidate the effect of nano-sized TiBw on microstructure and properties of EBM-Ti64-TiBw composites, heat treatment of as-fabricated EBM-Ti64-TiBw is performed from 800 to 1200 °C with interval of 100 °C, to regulate the size characteristics (diameter, aspect ratio) of TiBw, the revolution of microstructure and interface were studied in detail. The results indicate that Ti64/TiBw interface structure transforms from a semi-coherent interface to a coherent interface with increasing heat treatment temperature (HTT). Furthermore, TiBw begin to coarsen after the heat treatment above the β-transus temperature, leading to a weakening of its pinning effect on Ti64 matrix, and the discontinuous network structure disappears at 1000 °C. The growth and coarsening of TiBw are closely related to the diffusion rate of B atom in α-Ti and β-Ti phases. This work provides a theoretical foundation for size control of TiBw reinforcement and the elucidation of its evolution effect on microstructure in EBM-Ti64-TiBw composites.

Thermal cracking of rocks can significantly affect the durability of underground structures in engineering practices such as geothermal energy extraction, storage of nuclear waste and tunnelling in freeze–thaw cycle induced areas. It is a scenario of strong coupled thermomechanical process involving discontinuity behaviours of rocks. In this context, a numerical model was proposed to investigate the thermal cracking of rocks, in a framework of the continuous-discontinuous element method (CDEM) for efficiently capturing the initiation and propagation of multiple cracks. A simplex integration strategy was adopted to account for the influences of temperature-dependent material properties. Several benchmark tests were considered and the obtained results were compared with analytical solutions and numerical results from the literature. The results show that the fracture degree of the cases when considering temperature-dependent material parameters had 10% differences approximately compared with the cases with constant parameters.

ObjectivesIn view of the fact that the structural performance assessment method of the internal-pressure-resistant square cabin is not clear and the general specifications for naval ships are not fully applicable, the stress analysis method and strength assessment criteria applicable to the internal-pressure-resistant square cabin are studied. MethodsBased on the theory of elasticity, the two yield criteria Mises and Tresca commonly applied in ASME BPVC were analyzed. According to the principle of safety, Tresca was determined to be the analysis criterion applicable to the internal-pressure-resistant square cabin. By taking the bulkhead grillage as the basic unit, the stress classification of the internal-pressure-resistant square cabin was carried out based on ASME BPVC, and four typical assessment locations were obtained: the center of the plate panel, the midpoint of the short side of the plate panel, the midpoint of the long side of the plate panel, and the corner of the plate panel. In order to reduce the amount of engineering calculation, the theoretical formula and numerical calculation method of stress components for plate element finite element analysis were proposed based on the stress linearization theory, and the solid finite element model of grillage was established for comparing the difference between the structural assessment results of two models. ResultsCompared with the accurate results of the solid element model, the error of plate element stress analysis result is basically about 3%, and the results of plate elements are generally larger. Considering the safety conservative assessment principle of ships and nuclear structures, it can be considered that the strength assessment method of internal-pressure-resistant square cabins based on the plate element finite element model and ASME BPVC meets the engineering requirements. ConclusionsThis study can provide a reference for the stress analysis and strength assessment of the internal-pressure-resistant square cabin, and is of great significance for tackling the technical bottleneck faced by the ships using nuclear power plants.

Abstract Aims This study aimed to investigate the associations between perfectionism and undergraduate nursing students' academic procrastination, the mediating effects of self‐efficacy and the moderating role of resilience. Design A cross‐sectional survey. Methods The survey was conducted from March to May 2022 with a sample of 587 undergraduate nursing students in two undergraduate universities in China. A descriptive statistical approach, Pearson's correlation analysis and the Hayes' PROCESS Macro model 4 and 14 were used to analyse the available data. Results Adaptive perfectionism and maladaptive perfectionism negatively and positively predicted academic procrastination in nursing undergraduates, respectively. Self‐efficacy played a partially mediating role in the association between adaptive perfectionism and academic procrastination. Furthermore, resilience played a moderating role in the association between adaptive perfectionism and academic procrastination. Conclusions Maladaptive perfectionism and low levels of resilience and self‐efficacy may increase the risk of academic procrastination among nursing undergraduates. Nursing educators can take measures to decrease the risk of academic procrastination among nursing undergraduate students by guiding them to cultivate adaptive perfectionism tendencies and improve their self‐efficacy and resilience. Impact The findings of this study can be used to develop targeted coping and prevention measures for nursing educators to reduce the incidence of academic procrastination among nursing undergraduates. Patient or Public Contribution Five hundred eighty‐seven undergraduate nursing students from two undergraduate universities participated in the study and responded to questions on perfectionism and academic procrastination, etc.

In the wireless charging system of electric vehicles, different charging stages have different charging requirements, namely constant-current (CC) charging mode and constant-voltage (CV) charging mode. The purpose of this paper is to provide a multi-winding wireless charging system with a reconfigurable topology to realize CC and CV charging with different optimal load resistances so that high efficiency can be achieved over a large load resistance range. The designed system can form different compensation topologies by switching on and off relays, such as the series–series topology and the inductor–capacitor–capacitor-series topology. Different topologies have different optimal load resistances, therefore, it can realize efficient transmission in a large load resistance range. In addition, the half-bridge scheme and the full-bridge scheme are the other two functioning modes for each topology. At the same time, the efficiency of the system can reach up to 94.34% and 95.13% in the half-bridge as well as full-bridge schemes under the CC mode. The highest transmission efficiency can reach 93.37% and 90.78% for the half-bridge as well as full-bridge schemes under the CC mode, respectively. Experiment results have validated the proposed method.

In coal seam groups where the spacing between the upper and lower seams is small, the lower seam working face is significantly influenced by residual coal pillars from the upper seam and the void spaces created during mining. This presents considerable challenges for underground mining safety. Through field investigations, the layout of the coal seam quarry above the working face of the 3−1 coal seam in Yanghuopan Mine was examined, along with the distribution of the residual coal pillars. This allowed for the identification of the interlayer rock strata characteristics. Subsequently, we analyzed the mechanism of directional hydraulic fracturing and decompression to determine the key parameters of the 3−1 coal seam. Using the Rock Fracture Process Analysis 3D (RFPA 3D) numerical simulation, we evaluated the effects of various factors on the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fracturing-induced cracks, formulated the evolution law of these fractures, and incorporated the damage variables into the analysis. Additionally, we assessed the influence of different parameters on crack initiation and extension during hydraulic fracturing, using RFPA 3D simulations to derive the evolution law governing directional hydraulic fractures. This allowed us to define the hydraulic fracturing parameters for the 3−1 interbedded rock layers by integrating the process parameter calculations with the damage variables. Based on these findings, an on-site implementation plan was developed and executed, followed by a comprehensive evaluation of the construction results. The study concludes that directional hydraulic fracturing and decompression effectively contribute to the prevention and control of roof-related disasters in the mining of lower coal seams where seam spacing is minimal. This research offers valuable theoretical insights and practical reference for disaster prevention and control in similar geological conditions.

Accurately obtaining the geological characteristic digital model of a coal seam and surrounding rock in front of a fully mechanized mining face is one of the key technologies for automatic and continuous coal mining operation to realize an intelligent unmanned working face. The research on how to establish accurate and reliable coal seam digital models is a hot topic and technical bottleneck in the field of intelligent coal mining. This paper puts forward a construction method and dynamic update mechanism for a digital model of coal seam autonomous cutting by a coal mining machine, and verifies its effectiveness in experiments. Based on the interpolation model of drilling data, a fine coal seam digital model was established according to the results of geological statistical inversion, which overcomes the shortcomings of an insufficient lateral resolution of lithology and physical properties in a traditional geological model and can accurately depict the distribution trend of coal seams. By utilizing the numerical derivation of surrounding rock mining and geological SLAM advanced exploration, the coal seam digital model was modified to achieve a dynamic updating and optimization of the model, providing an accurate geological information guarantee for intelligent unmanned coal mining. Based on the model, it is possible to obtain the boundary and inclination information of the coal seam profile, and provide strategies for adjusting the height of the coal mining machine drum at the current position, achieving precise control of the automatic height adjustment of the coal mining machine.

Water inrush from separation layers is a special type of water inrush disaster that occurs during coal mining. It is characterized by the absence of precursors before the inrush, a sudden and massive influx of water, strong destructive power, and significant difficulty in prevention and control. This disaster causes substantial economic losses and casualties in mines. To study the dynamic evolution characteristics of the overlying rock strata in Guojiahe coal mine, field investigations, theoretical analysis, physical simulations, and numerical simulations were conducted. The development state of the overlying rock strata and the height of the water-conducting fractures in the 1304 working face during continuous mining were analyzed, and the spatial position of the strata where water hazards could form was determined. Through theoretical calculations, the height of the water-conducting fracture zone was found to be approximately 205 m, forming a water-storable separation space about 248 m above the coal seam roof. A physical similarity model was constructed to study the development state of overlying rock strata separation in the 1304 working face. Experimental results indicate that, as the working face advances, the rock strata gradually develop lateral separation spaces from bottom to top, and vertical fractures increase progressively in a similar manner. The spaces and fractures formed in the early stages of the working face advance gradually close and form a compaction zone. However, new fractures develop near the working face side. As mining continues, the asynchronous movement of the overlying rock promotes the development of vertical fractures, providing water-conducting channels for water inrush from the separation. Based on numerical simulation analysis of the development state of overlying rock strata separation and the height of the water-conducting fracture zone, it can be concluded that the water-storable separation space develops between the 8th layer of the formation of sandy mudstone and the 9th layer of the Yijun Formation conglomerate, which is 248 m from the coal seam roof. When excavated to 280 m, the separation space reaches its maximum, with a width of about 19 m and a height of about 1.2 m, and the water storage capacity increases to its maximum. The height of the water-conducting fracture zone eventually increases to 202 m.

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) cause health and environmental effects worldwide. Cyanophage is a virus that exclusively infects cyanobacteria. Using cyanophages to control blooms is the latest biological control method. However, little research on the genomics of cyanophages and the presence of numerous proteins with unidentified functions in cyanophage genomes pose challenges for their practical application and comprehensive investigation. We selected the broad-spectrum and efficient cyanophage YongM for our study. On the one hand, through rational analysis, we analyze essential genes, establish the minimal cyanophage genome and single essential gene modules, and examine the impact of essential modules on growth. Additionally, we conducted ultraviolet mutagenesis on YongM to generate more efficient cyanophages’ critical modules through random mutagenesis. Then, we sequenced and analyzed the functionality of the mutational gene modules. These findings highlight several gene modules that contribute to a deeper understanding of the functional components within cyanophage genomes.

As the depth of coal seams increases and the demand for coal grows, the deformation and failure of roadways and coal pillars also intensify. To address the instability of roadways, it is crucial to study the appropriate dimensions for coal pillars. This paper focuses on the 1513 working face of the No. 5 coal seam at Anyang Coal Mine to address the issue of insufficient basis for determining coal pillar width. Through field observations and physical similarity simulations, this study examines the overlying strata failure patterns above coal pillars post-mining and the bearing structure formed by key layers. The relationship between these factors is analyzed using theoretical analysis and physical similarity simulations. A mechanical model of the coal pillar and the “hinged-hinged” overlying strata failure structure is established, analyzing the fracture characteristics of the overlying strata and the bearing structure of the coal pillar to determine the optimal coal pillar width under these conditions. The results indicate that when the coal pillar width is optimized from 25 m to 14 m, the overlying bearing layer is disrupted by the mining activities at the working face, with the lower key layer forming a “hinged” structure upon fracture. As mining progresses, the height of the overlying strata fractures gradually increases, causing the upper key layer to also fracture and form a “hinged-hinged” structure between the high and low bearing layers. According to the “three zones” development law, the height of overlying strata failure does not continue to increase indefinitely, and the coal pillar is affected by the “hinged-hinged” structure of the bearing strata. A mechanical model of the coal pillar bearing structure is established based on the fracture combination structure of the bearing strata. By calculating the load on the “hinged-hinged” structure of the overlying strata, the appropriate coal pillar width is determined to be 15 m. Theoretical calculations, physical similarity simulation experiments, and field applications show that without changing the support conditions, the deformation of the roadway is greater when the coal pillar is narrowed, compared to its original width. The maximum deformation, located 60 m ahead of the working face, increased by 41–42%, while deformation in other areas was relatively minor. This validates the reasonableness of the determined coal pillar width.

Strawberry red core root rot disease affects the growth and yield of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch), which leads to economic losses in China. The study employed a tissue separation method to isolate and identify the causal agent responsible for strawberry red core root rot. This was achieved by the observation of its morphological characteristics, sequencing analyses, and pathogenicity tests. The sensitivity of five chemical fungicides against the two species of Fusarium was determined using the mycelial growth rate method, and the biological characteristics of the two species were examined. The pathogens were identified as Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum. The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth of F. solani and F. oxysporum were determined to be potato sucrose agar at 25 °C and pH 6, and potato dextrose agar at 30 °C and pH 8, respectively, with a 24:24 light cycle. The most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for the mycelial growth of F. solani were sucrose and sodium nitrate (NaNO3), while for F. oxysporum, they were glucose and peptone. A fungicide sensitivity test indicated that Prochloraz had a good inhibitory effect on the growth of F. solani and F. oxysporum with EC50 values of 0.088 mg L−1 and 0.162 mg. The growth inhibition effect of Azoxystrobin to F. solani and Carbendazim to F. oxysporum was not obvious. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on strawberry red core root disease and its prevention.