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Phospholipids are the protective layer of modern cells, but it is challenging for the formation of phospholipids that require a simple abiotic synthesis before the advent of primitive cells. Here, we reported the abiotic synthesis for lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) with prebiotically plausible reactants in aqueous microdroplets under ambient conditions. The LPAs formation is carried out by fusing two microdroplets streams: one contains glycerol and pyrophosphate in water and the other one contains fatty acids in acetonitrile. Compared with the bulk solution, LPAs were generated in microdroplets without the addition of catalyst and heating. Conditions of reactant concentrations and microdroplet size varied and suggested that LPAs formation occurred near or at the microdroplet surface. The LPAs formation also showed chemoselective toward on chain-length of fatty acids. Finally, the formation of LPAs underwent two-step reactions with glycerol phosphorylation eliminating one water molecule followed by esterification with fatty acids. These results also implicated that pyrophosphate functioned as both catalysts and precursors in prebiotic LPAs synthesis. The approach using fusion aqueous microdroplets has desirable features in studying the substance exchange and interaction in atmosphere.

The photocurrent output of the C6H4NH2CuBr2I/TiO2 heterojunction photoelectrode in an aqueous solution is super stable, and it could be largely enhanced by a reverse electric field.

In the process of spreading rumors, emotion is regarded as a social resource that can be mobilized. Existing studies have described the characteristics and influence mechanism of the spread of misinformation based on the text, but this process ignores the important role of emotion in the spread of misinformation. This study uses the grounded theory research method to conduct in-depth interviews with users who have participated in emotional dissemination of misinformation on social media platforms, and explores how user emotions play a role in the dissemination of misinformation combined with the coding results. It is found that emotion sets up a unique alternative application strategy of confrontation and compliance when users deal with misinformation through three forms of driving attention, gaining recognition and achieving goals.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignant disease largely affecting older adults with poor outcomes. Lack of effective targeted treatment is a major challenge in managing the disease in the clinic. Scaffolding adaptor Gab2 is amplified in a subset of AML. However, the causative role of Gab2 in AML remains to be explored. In this study, it was found that Gab2 was expressed at high levels in AML patient samples and AML cell lines. Experiments by knocking down Gab2 expression using shRNA showed that Gab2 promoted AML cell growth and migration in vitro and in vivo. Further studies using Gab2 mutants and pharmacological inhibitors revealed that Gab2 increased CREB phosphorylation via the SHP-2/Erk signaling pathway. CREB phosphorylation contributed to Gab2-induced cell migration by increasing MMP2 and MMP9 expression. This research indicates that high Gab2 expression promotes AML progression through the SHP2-Erk-CREB signaling pathway. CREB suppression may help treat AML with high Gab2 expression.

The development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts with remarkable activity is a major objective for achieving high-efficiency hydrogen generation. Here, a trimetallic electrocatalyst with a dendritic nanostructure, which is denoted as NiMoCu-NF, was fabricated on nickel foam

The preparation of materials with a well-defined mesoporous structure and hydrophobicity is of great significance for heterogeneous catalyst development, yet there still remains a challenge for fabricating the above materials without using templates. Herein, the polymerization of L-proline-functionalized monomer with crosslinkers containing variable alkyl-bridged length (n = 2,4,6,8) and vinyl-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles to construct mesoporous poly(L-proline)s (MPLPs) has been reported for the first time. The resultant MPLPs were analyzed by characterization methods, suggesting that MPLPs with a well-defined mesoporous structure and unique hydrophobicity were successfully constructed by synergistic regulation of vinyl-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles and crosslinkers with alkyl-bridged length of 6 carbon atoms, in which vinyl-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles as structural reinforcer plays a vital role for the mesoporous formation. Moreover, the resultant MPLPs were found to be efficient catalysts for one-pot synthesis of functionalized spiroindolones and olefins. The kinetic study and the water contact angle indicate the mesoporous confinement and hydrophobic micro-environment in organic transformations. Hence, the high activity of MPLPs is ascribed to synergistic effect of mesoporous confinement and hydrophobic micro-environment, and the adsorption experiment results further confirm this synergistic catalysis. This work promotes a textural engineering approach to the development of multifunctional materials with well-defined mesopores and hydrophobicity.

This article aims to analyze Chinese netizens’ speech act of complaints under pandemic of COVID-19 by Searl’s felicity condition of speech act (1969) and discuss with politeness theories. Researchers collected data from the comment area of a short video on Douyin in September 2021. The result shows that there are 11 strategies employed to complain about the returnees, namely Suggestion, Statement, Order, Irony, Expectation, Expressing negative emotions, Request, Criticism, Asking for reasons, Calling for empathy, and Exclaiming strategies according to the order of most to least. In uneasy situations, Chinese speakers still try to employ polite strategies to express their dissatisfaction, however, they may threaten listeners’ “face” inevitably.

Intrinsic tumor microenvironment (TME)-related therapeutic resistance and nontumor-specific imaging have limited the application of imaging-guided cancer therapy. Herein, a TME-responsive MnO2-based nanoplatform coupled with turn-on and always-on fluorescence probes was designed through a facile biomineralization method for imaging-guided photodynamic/chemodynamic/photothermal therapy (PDT/CDT/PTT). After the tumor-targeting delivery of the AuNCs@MnO2-ICG@AS1411 (AMIT) nanoplatform via aptamer AS1411, the TME-responsive dissociation of MnO2 generated sufficient O2 and Mn2+ with the consumption of GSH for improving PDT efficacy and Fenton-like reaction-mediated CDT. Simultaneously, the released small-sized ICG and AuNCs facilitated PDT and PTT efficacy via the deep tumor penetration. Moreover, the turn-on fluorescence of AuNCs revealed the real-time TME-responsive MnO2 degradation process, and the always-on ICG fluorescence enabled the in situ monitoring of the payload distribution in vitro and in vivo. The AMIT NPs also provided magnetic resonance and thermal imaging guidance for the enhanced PDT, CDT, and PTT. Therefore, this all-in-one nanosystem provides a simple and versatile strategy for multiple imaging-guided theranostic applications.

Detailed knowledge on tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is vital for more accurate understanding the molecular pathological signature and developing novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, a spatial-resolved metabolomics approach based on air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) integrated mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was proposed to investigate tissue-specific metabolic alterations in the kidneys of high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated DN rats and the therapeutic effect of astragaloside IV, a potential anti-diabetic drug, against DN. As a result, a wide range of functional metabolites including sugars, amino acids, nucleotides and their derivatives, fatty acids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerides, carnitine and its derivatives, vitamins, peptides, and metal ions associated with DN were identified and their unique distribution patterns in the rat kidney were visualized with high chemical specificity and high spatial resolution. These region-specific metabolic disturbances were ameliorated by repeated oral administration of astragaloside IV (100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. This study provided more comprehensive and detailed information about the tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming and molecular pathological signature in the kidney of diabetic rats. These findings highlighted the promising potential of AFADESI and MALDI integrated MSI based metabolomics approach for application in metabolic kidney diseases., Graphical abstract The present study revealed region-specific metabolic reprogramming during diabetic nephropathy (DN) by using air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI).Image 1

In this study, the artificially damaged PRC beams strengthened with prestressed CFRP fabric were subjected to a four-point bending test to study the influence of the overloading amplitudes, the number of cyclic overloading, and the cyclic overloading after strengthening on mechanical properties of the beam. A prediction method of the shear stress between the beam and the FRP was given through theoretical analysis. The test results showed that the failure modes of the test beams were that the concrete crushed after the steel strands yielded, while the CFRP fabric separated before the concrete was crushed. Prestressed CFRP fabric external bonding had no obvious effect on improving the ultimate bearing capacity of the PRC beams while had a positive effect on improving the yield load of the beams, which was increased by 25.00%–31.90%. As the overloading amplitude increased, the stiffness and the ductility of the test beam decreased, but the yield load of the beam increased. The number of cyclic overloading had little effect on the stiffness, ductility, and yield load of the test beam. The stiffness, the yield load, and the ductility of the PRC beam were improved by cyclic overloading after the beam was strengthened with prestressed CFRP fabric. The debonding performance of CFRP fabric was not related to the overloading degree of the test beam, while was related to the performance of the adhesive and the bonding area.

Herein, a strand displacement amplification (SDA)-assisted CRISPR/Cas12a (LbCpf1) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor was fabricated for ultrasensitive identification of

The photocurrent output of the C