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Catastrophic floods resulting from landslide dam breaching have profound impacts on the lives of residents, infrastructure, and ecological environment in downstream regions. Investigating survival mechanisms at various stages following landslide dam formation is advantageous for disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. In this study, different types of factors are firstly imputed using three methods, i.e., linear regression (LR), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and random forest (RF). The Kaplan–Meier (K-M) method is then employed to assess the long-term survival of the landslide dam. The using factors are classified via K-means. Finally, the second landslide dam of Baige is introduced to validate the reliability of K-M curve. The results indicate that the clustering method significantly enhances the differentiation between various grades. The survival of the landslide dam in the early stages after formation is significantly impacted by hydrological parameters and geological and climatic conditions, particularly geomorphic characteristics. The effects of these factors are observed to gradually weaken over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dam breaks of landslide dams are always accompanied by large numbers of casualties, a large loss of property, and negative influences on the downstream ecology and environment. This study uses the Jiadanwan landslide dam, created by the Wenchuan earthquake, as a case study example. Several laboratory experiments are carried out to analyse the dam-break mechanism of the landslide dam. The different factors that impact the dam-break process include upstream flow, the boulder effect, dam size, and channel discharge. The development of the discharge channel and the failure of the landslide dam are monitored by digital video and still cameras. Experimental results show that the upstream inflow and the dam size are the main factors that impact the dam-break process. An excavated discharge channel, especially a trapezoidal discharge channel, has a positive effect on reducing peak flow. The depth of the discharge channel also has a significant impact on the dam-break process. The experimental results are significant for landslide dam management and flood disaster prevention and mitigation.