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509 results on '"Yang, Lynda"'

125. Thrombolytic-Enhanced Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Prolonged Cardiac Arrest

Author

Spinelli, Elena, primary, Davis, Ryan P., additional, Ren, Xiaodan, additional, Sheth, Parth S., additional, Tooley, Trevor R., additional, Iyengar, Amit, additional, Sowell, Brandon, additional, Owens, Gabe E., additional, Bocks, Martin L., additional, Jacobs, Teresa L., additional, Yang, Lynda J., additional, Stacey, William C., additional, Bartlett, Robert H., additional, Rojas-Peña, Alvaro, additional, and Neumar, Robert W., additional

Published
2016
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128. Methodology Rigor in Clinical Research

Author

Yang, Lynda J-S., Chang, Kate W-C., and Chung, Kevin C.

Subjects
Biomedical Research, Evidence-Based Medicine, Decision Making, Humans, Surgery, Plastic, Article
Abstract

Rigorous methodology increases the quality of clinical research by encouraging freedom from the biases inherent in clinical studies. As randomized controlled studies (clinical trial design) are rarely applicable to surgical research, the authors address the commonly used observational study designs and methodologies by presenting guidelines for rigor.The authors performed a review of study designs, including cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies and case series/reports, and biases and confounders of study design.Details about biases and confounders at each study stage, study characteristics, rigor checklists, and published literature examples for each study design are summarized and presented in this report.For those surgeons interested in pursuing clinical research, mastery of the principles of methodologic rigor is imperative in the context of evidence-based medicine and widespread publication of clinical studies. Knowledge of the study designs and their appropriate application, and strict adherence to study design methods can provide high-quality evidence to serve as the basis for rational clinical decision-making.

Published
2012

130. Motor Nerve Transfers

Author

Ray, Wilson Z., primary, Chang, Jason, additional, Hawasli, Ammar, additional, Wilson, Thomas J., additional, and Yang, Lynda, additional

Published
2016
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141. Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein (Siglec-4) in Axon Regeneration

Author

Mountney, Andrea, Yang, Lynda J., Lorenzini, Ileana, Vajn, Katarina, Zahner, Matthew R., Schramm, Lawrence P., and Schnaar, Ronald L.

Subjects
nervous system, gangliosides, myelin- associated glycoprotein, axon regeneration
Abstract

Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a member of the Siglec (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin) family, is expressed on myelin that surrounds axons throughout the nervous system. MAG on the inner-most myelin wrap (apposed to the axon) enhances axon stability. However, after injury (e.g. spinal cord injury) MAG on residual myelin inhibits axon regeneration. Blocking MAG’ s inhibitory signals may allow axons to regenerate and enhance functional recovery. MAG inhibition of axon regeneration is mediated, in part, by its binding to sialoglycans on the axon. Spinal cord injury models were used to test whether disruption of MAG-sialoglycan binding enhances recovery. In brachial plexus avulsion injury the nerves that connect the arm to the spinal cord are violently yanked out. Nerve grafts have been used to bridge the spinal cord back to the remaining nerve stump, but poor axon outgrowth hampered functional recovery. We cut the brachial plexus of rats and inserted a nerve graft into the spinal cord at the injury site. Delivery of bacterial sialidase to disrupt MAG-sialoglycan binding enhanced spinal axon outgrowth into the graft 2.5-fold. In a second model, rats were subjected to blunt contusion spinal cord injury. Delivery of bacterial sialidase to the injury site significantly enhanced motor behaviour and autonomic control of blood pressure, two measures of functional recovery. Together these data support the conclusion that sialic acid-directed therapies might contribute to anatomical and functional recovery of the injured spinal cord.

Published
2007

142. Neonatal brachial plexus palsy: obstetric factors associated with litigation.

Author

Chauhan, Suneet P., Chang, Kate W-C., Ankumah, Nana-Ama Esi, and Yang, Lynda J-S.

Subjects
SHOULDER dystocia, DEMOGRAPHIC surveys, PREGNANCY, CHI-squared test, T-test (Statistics), COMPLICATIONS of birth injuries, BIRTH injuries, DELIVERY (Obstetrics), RETROSPECTIVE studies, BRACHIAL plexus neuropathies, LAW
Abstract

Objective: Our objective was to compare characteristics between neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) cases that were litigated versus those that were not.Study Design: From May to December 2012, the University of Michigan Interdisciplinary Brachial Plexus Program surveyed 51 consecutive families whose children were treated for NBPP. Obstetric data was self-reported. Unless NBPP resolved, children were followed for at least two years. Student's t-test and Chi-square test with odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Results: Among 51 families surveyed, obstetric data were available for 98% (n = 50). Litigation was pursued by 48% (n = 24). Comparing families that litigated versus those that did not, there were no differences in demographics, peripartum characteristics, operative versus spontaneous vaginal birth, shoulder dystocia in current pregnancy (65% versus 54%; p = 0.56) or birth weight above 9 lbs. The number of children having brachial nerve surgery was significantly higher among families that litigated (46%) versus those that did not (8%; p = 0.002).Conclusion: Though there were no differences in peripartum events, almost 1 out of 2 children managed by interdisciplinary team had concomitant litigation. The only factor associated with litigation was having brachial nerve surgery. Efforts are warranted to avert NBPP and mitigate litigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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143. Imaging Nerve Pathology of the Knee: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound.

Author

Morag, Yoav and Yang, Lynda J. S.

Subjects
*THERAPEUTICS, *NEUROLOGICAL disorders, *KNEE radiography, *DIAGNOSIS of neurological disorders, *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, *ULTRASONIC imaging, *PHYSIOLOGY, *KNEE, *PERIPHERAL neuropathy, *INNERVATION
Abstract

Peripheral neuropathies are not uncommon, and the diagnostic evaluation includes a clinical assessment and electrophysiologic studies as well as diagnostic imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) are of special importance in providing the surgeon with information in the context of nerve trauma, entrapment, and nerve involvement by tumors. Peripheral neuropathy about the knee can occur in the context of associated knee pathology such as trauma, as part of a systemic disease, or as an isolated finding. In this review, we discuss the role of MRI and HRUS in the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy and present imaging examples of peripheral neuropathy involving the knee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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144. Sialidase and chondroitinase enhance spinal axon outgrowth into peripheral nerve grafts in a rat model of brachial plexus injury

Author

Lorenzini, Ileana, Vajn, Katarina, Schramm, Lawrence P., Schnaar, Ronald L., and Yang, Lynda JS.

Subjects
nervous system, sialidase, chondroitinase, brachial plexus injury
Abstract

Axon regeneration inhibitors, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, Nogo, OMgp, and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) on myelin and/or astroglia, limit recovery from spinal cord injuries, including brachial plexus (nerve root) avulsion. Among axonal ligands for MAG are sialoglycoconjugates, particularly gangliosides GD1a and GT1b. Sialidase treatment reverses MAG's inhibition of axon regeneration in vitro. We now report the in vivo contribution of sialoglycoconjugates in limiting axon regeneration using a rat model of brachial plexus avulsion injury. The C8 ventral root underwent intradural disruption with subsequent insertion of a peripheral nerve graft at the site. This resulted in modest spinal axon outgrowth into the graft. Saline alone (control), sialidase in saline (0.4 or 0.1 U/ml) or chondroitinase ABC in saline (0.5 U/ml) was delivered to the site of graft insertion for two weeks via an osmotic pump. Subsequently, spinal axons extending well into the peripheral nerve graft were retrogradely labeled with a fluorescent dye. Tissues were fixed by transcardiac perfusion with paraformaldehyde, the spinal cord was dissected, and axon outgrowth into the graft was quantified by measuring the number of fluorescently labeled spinal neurons. Marked and significant (p < 0.01) enhancement of axon outgrowth into the peripheral nerve graft was observed in animals treated with 0.4 U/ml sialidase (2.6-fold) or chondroitinase (2.5-fold), whereas 0.1 U/ml sialidase was without effect. These results indicate that sialidase enhances axon regeneration and that sialidase treatment may aid functional recovery after nervous system injury or disease.

Published
2005

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