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1. Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) belong to the superfamily of solute carriers (SLC), which are important membrane transporters in animals and humans. Liver is an important organ for drug disposition. In human liver, three OATPs, namely OATP1B1, 1B3 and 2B1, are expressed on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes. 2. OATPs have multiple substrate specificity, mediating transport of a wide range of endo- and exogenous substances such as bile salts, bilirubin, hormones and their conjugates, toxins and various drugs. Therefore, they are important for drug disposition in human body. In this review, we compiled a complete list of the substrates for human hepatic OATPs. 3. OATP genes have single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which could lead to the alteration of their function, and thus might result in the change of pharmacokinetic properties for their substrate drugs. In this review, we summarized the genetic polymorphisms of the three hepatic OATPs and their effect on in vitro transport function and in vivo pharmacokinetics of substrate drugs. 4. Finally, some concerns and perspectives on OATP polymorphism research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the contaminant removal efficiency of the electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) process, a nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped graphite felt (NPGF) cathode was synthesized using an anodic oxidation technique. An ascorbic acid-coupled NPGF E-Fenton system was then established for the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The NPGF cathode featured abundant oxygen-containing functional groups (such as -COOH and -OH), which enhanced the selectivity of oxygen reduction and facilitated the formation of H 2 O 2 . The introduction of N and P doping disrupted the charge balance within the carbon framework, accelerating electron transfer. Together, the NPGF electrode and ascorbic acid enhanced the cycling of Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ while preventing the formation of iron sludge. Under optimal conditions (ascorbic acid concentration of 0.3 mM, current density of 2.0 mA cm -2 , pH of 3.0, aeration rate of 0.6 L min -1 , and Fe 2+ concentration of 0.2 mM), CIP was completely removed within 20 min. The NPGF electrode exhibited excellent stability, maintaining 95.35% CIP removal even after 8 cycles. Analysis revealed that singlet oxygen primarily mediated the degradation of CIP, with its concentration measured at 1.23 × 10 -7 M. Density functional theory was used to analyze the characteristics and potential attack sites of CIP, enabling the proposal of plausible degradation pathways. Toxicity simulations and Escherichia coli growth inhibition experiments demonstrated a reduction in the toxicity of CIP and its intermediate products. This study offers a valuable reference for improving the efficiency of E-Fenton technology in antibiotic wastewater treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest ☒ The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Mixed forests generally have a higher carbon sequestration potential than pure forests. However, the effects of different types of mixed afforestation on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its labile fractions still remain controversial. We examined the concentrations of each SOC labile fraction at 0-50 cm soil depth, understory plant communities, stand plant biomass and studied their integrated effects on soil carbon stocks in three types of Pinus massoniana afforestation: a monoculture (MPF), a mixed forest with Cunninghamia lanceolata (MCLMF) and a mixed forest with Liquidambar formosana (MLMF). The results showed that the SOC stocks, i.e., concentrations of SOC and its labile fractions, across soil depths in all three afforestation types decreased with soil depth and ranked in the following order: MCLMF > MPF > MLMF. The concentrations of SOC and its labile fractions displayed a significant positive correlation with the diversity and biomass of understory plants and a significant negative correlation with tree biomass. The MCLMF had the largest SOC stocks (83.45 ± 7.59 Mg ha -1 ) and the smallest aboveground plant biomass carbon stocks (85.2 ± 4.07 Mg ha -1 ), while those of the MLMF were the opposite (SOC stocks, 35.63 ± 4.47 Mg ha -1 ; plant biomass carbon stocks, 144.28 ± 1.19 Mg ha -1 ). The forest carbon stocks (comprising both SOC and plant biomass carbon pools) were ranked as MLMF > MCLMF > MPF. Our results revealed that the diversity and biomass of understory plants can improve the stocks of SOC and its labile fractions, whereas trees may weaken the role of understory plants. In this sense, the diversity and biomass of understory plants should be emphasized in the process of mixed afforestation, especially mixed broadleaf-conifer afforestation, to increase SOC sequestration., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

HAGLR Opposite Strand lncRNA (HAGLROS) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) located on the long arm of human chromosome 2 at locus 2q31.1. Emerging evidence highlights HAGLROS as a pivotal player in human cancers, characterized by its significant upregulation across multiple malignancies where it functions as an oncogenic driver. Its aberrant expression is closely linked to the initiation and progression of 13 distinct cancer types, notably correlating with adverse clinical outcomes and reduced overall survival rates in 9 of these cancer types. Mechanistically, HAGLROS is under the regulatory influence of the transcription factor STAT3, exerts competitive binding to 9 miRNAs, activates 5 signaling pathways pivotal for cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, as well as intricately modulates gene expression profiles. Given its multifaceted roles, HAGLROS emerges as a promising candidate for cancer diagnostics and prognostics. Moreover, its potential as a therapeutic target holds considerable promise for novel treatment strategies in oncology. This review synthesizes current research on HAGLROS, covering its expression patterns, biological roles, and clinical significance in cancer. By shedding light on these aspects, this review aims to contribute new perspectives that advance our understanding of cancer biology, enhance diagnostic accuracy, refine prognostic assessments, and pave the way for targeted therapeutic interventions., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Forkhead box P4 antisense RNA 1 (FOXP4-AS1) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) situated on the human chromosome 6p21.1 locus. Previous research has demonstrated that FOXP4-AS1 is dysregulated in various cancers and exhibits a dual purpose as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in specific types of cancer. The levels of FOXP4-AS1 are significantly correlated with clinical features of cancer as well as prognosis. Additionally, FOXP4-AS1 is stimulated by transcription factors ATF3, YY1, PAX5, and SP4. The molecular mechanisms of FOXP4-AS1 in cancer are quite complex. It competitively sponges multiple miRNAs, bidirectionally regulates the levels of host gene FOXP4, activates the PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways, and recruits chromatin-modifying enzymes or interacts with other proteins to regulate malignant phenotypes of tumors, including proliferation, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest developments in FOXP4-AS1 oncology research, outlines its molecular regulatory networks in cancer, and discusses its prospective relevance as a cancer therapeutic target as well as a biomarker for prognosis and diagnosis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author.)

Fluorinated rings have emerged as privileged structural modules in the fields of drug discovery and materials research. The incorporation of fluorine atoms into aromatic rings or heterocycles can lead to significant improvements in the physicochemical and biological properties of small molecules, making them valuable components in the design of new drugs and functional materials. Herein, we presented a cobalt-catalyzed C-H oxidation/ gem -difluorination cascade reaction of readily available cyclic ethers with difluoroenoxysilanes, affording a series of gem -difluorinated analogues with moderate to high yields. The obtained products as versatile fluoroalkyl building blocks were showcased through divergent-oriented transformations.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is an intractable pain that results from primary nervous system injury and dysfunction. Herein, we demonstrated in animal models that peripheral nerve injury induced enhanced pain perception and anxiety-like behaviors. According to previous reports, nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell is required for complete expression of neuropathic pain behaviors and mood alternations, we found the elevated mRNA and protein level of Prokineticin-2 (Prok2) in the NAc shell after Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI). Prok2 knockdown in the NAc shell reversed NP and anxiety-like behaviors in rats, indicating that Prok2 might play a fundamental role in NP and anxiety co-morbidity. CCI significantly enhanced Prok2 co-expression with NF-κB P-p65 in comparison with control animals. In addition to reversing the established nociceptive hypersensitivities and anxiety simultaneously, NAc microinjection of NF-κB siRNA or specific inhibitor PDTC reversed Prok2 upregulation. Besides, Prok2 was significantly decreased in vitro when co-transfected with si-NF-κB. Dual-Luciferase assay showed NF-κB directly activated Prok2 gene transcriptional activity. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms behind NP and comorbid anxiety. The NF-κB/Prok2 pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for NP and anxiety disorders., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Clay minerals formations are potential geological barrier (host rocks) for the long-rerm storage of uranium tailing in deep geological repositories. However, there are still obstacles to the efficient retardation of uranium because of the competition between negatively charged regions at the clay minerals end face, surface and between layers, as well as low mineralization capacity. Herein, employing a simple method, we used sodium alginate (SA), an inexpensive natural polymer material, polyethylene (PE), and the natural clay minerals montmorillonite (Mt), nontronite (Nt), and beidellite (Bd) to prepare three hydrogel adsorbents, (denoted as Mt/PE-@SA, Nt/PE-@SA, and Bd/PE-@SA), respectively. The application of obtained hydrogel adsorbents further extends to uranium(VI) removal from aqueous. Due to the synergistic action of SA group and PE group, hydrogel adsorbents showed select adsorption and mineralization effect on uranium(VI), among which the maximum uranium(VI) adsorption capacity of Nt/PE-@SA was 133.3 mg·g -1 and Mt/PE-@SA exhibited strong selectivity for uranium(VI) in the presence of coexisting metal ions. Cyclic voltammetry studies indicated the mitigation and immobilization of uranium species onto adsorbents by both reduction and mineralization. Besides, the synergistic adsorption of SA and PE on clay minerals was hypothesized, and the idea was supported by structure optimizations results from Monte Carlo dynamics simulation (MCD). Three obtained hydrogel adsorbents structural model was constructed based on its physicochemical characterization, the low energy adsorption sites and adsorption energies are investigated using MCD simulation. The simulation results show that obtained hydrogel adsorbents have a strong interaction with uranium(VI), which ensures the high adsorption capacity of those materials. Most importantly, this work demonstrates a new strategy for preparing mineral-based hydrogel adsorbents with enough stability and provides a new perspective for uranium(VI) removal in complex environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Stable isotopes are commonly utilized for the geographical origin verification of foods, including wheat. However, assessing processed products poses a greater challenge due to the alterations that take place during processing and which have not been fully elucidated yet. In the current study, the effects of the formulation (the mass ratios of gluten to starch), boiling process and their interaction on the stable hydrogen (δ 2 H) and oxygen (δ 18 O) isotopic ratios of wheat noodles were evaluated. The δ 2 H and δ 18 O of noodles with different formulations (the mass ratios of gluten to starch) as raw materials, in uncooked and cooked (boiled in water) noodles, were examined. The results indicated that the δ 2 H of the boiled noodles ranged from -80.1‱ to -46.8‱ and were significantly lower than those of the raw materials, which ranged from -73.0‱ to -39.2‱, and the uncooked noodles, which ranged from -73.3‱ to -39.6‱. Oppositely, 18 O was enriched in the boiled noodles, ranging from 27.7‱ to 31.3‱, compared with the uncooked noodles, ranging from 28.4‱ to 29.6‱. In addition, a significant interaction effect between the formulation and the boiling process was recorded for δ 18 O. This study shows that the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic compositions of noodles were significantly changed during the boiling process, and the isotopic fractionation varies with the different formulations.

Diabetes is now afflicting an expanding population, and it has become a major source of concern for human health. Diabetes affects several organs and causes chronic damage and dysfunction. It is one of the three major diseases that are harmful to human health. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 is a member of long non-coding RNA. PVT1 expression profile abnormalities have been reported in diabetes mellitus and its consequences in recent years, suggesting that it may contribute to the disease's progression. Relevant literature from the authoritative database "PubMed" are retrieved and summarized in detail. Mounting evidence reveals that PVT1 has multiple functions. Through sponge miRNA, it can participate in a wide variety of signal pathways and regulate the expression of a target gene. More importantly, PVT1 is crucially implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, inflammation, and so on in different types of diabetes-related complications. PVT1 regulates the occurrence and progression of diabetes-related diseases. Collectively, PVT1 has the potential to be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic target for diabetes and its consequences., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

An attractive approach to selective functionalization of remote C-H bonds is a metal/hydride shift/cross-coupling reaction sequence. Complimentary to the heavily exploited 1,2-nickel/hydride shift along an sp 3 chain, a chain-walking process, the 1,4-nickel/hydride shift along an sp 2 chain is more complex. Here we report an unprecedented aryl-to-vinyl 1,4-nickel/hydride shift reaction, in which the migratory alkenylnickel species generated in situ is selectively trapped by one of various coupling partners, such as isocyanates, alkyl bromides, aryl chlorides or alkynyl bromides, allowing regio- and stereoselective access to trisubstituted alkenes. In contrast to the well-reported ipso-aryl coupling reactions, this strategy provides remote alkenyl C-H functionalized products with good yield and with excellent chemo-, regio- and E/Z-selectivity., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: NR2F1-AS1 is a long non-coding RNA (lnc RNA) that is involved in different biological processes. It plays an integral role in the pathophysiology of human diseases, especially tumorigenesis and progression. Therefore, it may be a promising target for numerous tumor biotherapeutics. The current review study aimed to show the pathophysiological activities and processes of RNA NR2F1-AS1 in cancer cells., Methods: The contents of the present review were based on information obtained from PubMed. In the data search, "NR2F1-AS1" was chosen as the first keyword, whereas "cancer" was chosen as the second keyword. This review selected and summarized studies published between 2019-2021, concerning the biological functions and mechanisms of NR2F1-AS1 in the development of tumorigenesis., Results: It was found that NR2F1-AS1 regulates a variety of biological activities such as proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. It acts as an oncogene because it is abnormally expressed and promotes the progression of cancer in a variety of malignancies, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, endometrial cancer, thyroid cancer, and gastric cancer. However, it was evident that NR2F1-AS1 inhibits the progression of cancer in cervical squamous cell carcinoma., Conclusion: NR2F1-AS1 is a potential new biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of different cancers., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Regio- and enantioselective hydroarylamination, hydroalkylamination and hydroamidation of styrenes have been developed by NiH catalysis with a simple bioxazoline ligand under mild conditions. A wide range of enantioenriched benzylic arylamines, alkylamines and amides can be easily accessed by nitroarenes, hydroxylamines and dioxazolones, respectively as amination reagents. The chiral induction in these reactions is proposed to proceed through an enantiodifferentiating syn-hydronickellation step., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)