Search

Xiaoshu Cao,1,2 Cristina de Oliveira Francisco,2 T Douglas Bradley,2– 4 Nasim Montazeri Ghahjaverestan,1,2 Susan M Tarlo,3,5,6 Matthew B Stanbrook,3,5 Kenneth R Chapman,3,5 Mark Inman,7 Azadeh Yadollahi1,2 1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 2KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; 3Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 4Department of Medicine, University Health Network Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; 5Department of Medicine, University Health Network Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; 6Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 7Faculty of Medicine (Respirology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaCorrespondence: Azadeh Yadollahi, KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Room 12-106, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada, Email azadeh.yadollahi@uhn.caRationale: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent among patients with asthma, suggesting a pathophysiological link between the two, but a mechanism for this has not been identified.Hypothesis: Among patients with asthma, those with OSA will have greater overnight increases in thoracic fluid volume and small airways narrowing than those without OSA.Methods: We enrolled 19 participants with asthma: 9 with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 10) and 10 without OSA (AHI < 10). All participants underwent overnight polysomnography. Before and after sleep, thoracic fluid volume was measured by bioelectrical impedance and small airways narrowing was primarily assessed by respiratory system reactance at 5Hz using oscillometry.Results: Patients with asthma and OSA (OSA group) had a greater overnight increase in thoracic fluid volume by 120.5 mL than patients without OSA (non-OSA group) (164.4 ± 44.0 vs 43.9 ± 47.3 mL, p=0.006). Compared to the non-OSA group, the OSA group had greater overnight decrease in reactance at 5Hz (− 1.08 ± 0.75 vs 0.21 ± 0.27 cmH2O/L/s, p=0.02), and overnight increase in reactance area (14.81 ± 11.09 vs − 1.20 ± 2.46 cmH2O/L, p=0.04), frequency dependence of resistance (1.02 ± 0.68 vs 0.05 ± 0.18 cmH2O/L/s, p=0.04), and resonance frequency (2.80 ± 4.14 vs − 1.42 ± 2.13 cmH2O/L/s, p=0.04).Conclusion: Patients with asthma and co-existing OSA had greater overnight accumulation of fluid in the thorax in association with greater small airways narrowing than those without OSA. This suggests OSA could contribute to worsening of asthma at night by increasing fluid accumulation in the thorax.Keywords: asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, small airway narrowing, thoracic fluid volume

AbstractProblem Definition: In recent decades, the catastrophic increase in environmental degradation in its various dimensions has been considered by the international community. In the context of these environmental disorders, many inappropriate behaviors that are the result of ignorance and lack of environmental knowledge should not be ignored and rural areas can have a double impact in this regard due to their closer relationship with the environment.Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the level of environmental knowledge and awareness of the villagers in the rural area of Choghakhor.Methodology: This research is applied and descriptive-analytical (based on survey) in terms of type and method, respectively. The statistical population includes villagers in the Choghakhor area of Boroujen County. Accordingly, 251 samples from 2065 households were selected by random sampling and questioned.Results: The results of the study show that the average score of environmental knowledge in the sample group is 140.27 which is higher than the cut-off score; therefore, the level of villagers’ environmental awareness and knowledge is above average. The results of the chi-square test and ETA correlation coefficient show that there is a positive and moderate relationship between gender and marital status with the level of awareness and environmental knowledge. For the variables of age and education, according to the value of Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient -0.179 and 0.401, this relationship is negative-weak and positive-average, respectively. But, there is no relationship between the level of environmental awareness and knowledge and the villagers’ employment status or occupation. Conversely, this relationship exists weakly for the income variable. The results of one-way analysis of variance with the F value (1.248) are not significant and this shows that the spatial difference is not significant with respect to environmental awareness and knowledge.Innovation: The innovation of research lies in the application of indicators appropriate to local conditions, type of tests, and research location. Keywords: Village, Sustainable Rural Development, Environmental Awareness and Knowledge, Choghakhor Area. References- Abdul-Halim, N. S., Ruslan, N. S., Idris, N. S. U., & Nawawi, S. A. (2021). Knowledge, attitude and practice of environmental sustainability among Sustainable Science students in Universiti Malaysia Kelantan. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 842, No. 1, p. 012048). IOP Publishing.- Ahmadian, D., & Haghighatian, M. (2016). Sociological analysis of the role of cultural factors on urban environmental behaviors studied (citizens of Kermanshah). Journal of Urban Sociological Studies, 6(18), 51-76 (in Persian).- Akpafun, S., Ndinwa, G., & Chukumah, C. (2020). Evaluation of Environmental Awreness Level Aong Sakeholders in in Rural and Urban Communites, Southern Nigeria. International Journal of Climate Research, 4(1), 1-15.- Al-Rabaani, A., & Al-Shuili, A. (2020). Environmental Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior among Omani Post-Basic Education Students. European Journal of Social Sciences, 60(1), 29-38.- Arcury, T. A., & Johnson, T. P. (1987). Public environmental knowledge: A statewide survey. The Journal of Environmental Education, 18(4), 31-37.- Bahram Soltani, K. (2008). Environment. Tehran: Urban Planning and Architecture Research Center of Iran (in Persian).- Banan, Gh. A. (1973). Human environment and prevention of its pollution. Tehran: National Association for the Protection of Natural Resources and Human Environment (in Persian).- Bashirun, S. N., & Noranee, S. (2020). Influence of Environmental Knowledge and Attitude on Employee Green Behaviour. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(6), 937–946.- Dehkhoda, A. A. (1994). Dictionary of Dehkhoda. Tehran: University of Tehran (in Persian).- Fazeli, M., & Salehi, J. (2014). The gap between tourists' attitudes, knowledge and environmental behavior. Journal of Tourism Management Studies, 22, 161-137 (in Persian).- Frick, J., Kaiser, F. G., & Wilson, M. (2004). Environmental knowledge and conservation behavior: Exploring prevalence and structure in a representative sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(8), 1597-1613.- Geiger, S. M., Geiger, M., & Wilhelm, O. (2019). Environment-specific vs. general knowledge and their role in pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 718.- Sareban, V. H., & Toutakhane, A. M. (2019). Modeling the environmental knowledge of local communities in tourist villages case study: touristic road of Qaleh Chaei, Ajabshir County. Journal of Rural Development Strategies, 6(1).- Khoshfar, G., Salehi, S., Vesal, Z., & Abaszade, M. R. (2015). Evaluate the Social factors affecting environmental awareness of villagers (Case study: The Village-city of Jagharq in Binalud county). Journal of Rural Research, 6(1), 137-158 (in Persian).- Lin, S. T., & Niu, H. J. (2018). Green consumption: Environmental knowledge, environmental consciousness, social norms, and purchasing behavior. Journal of Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(8), 1679-1688.- Liu, P., Teng, M., & Han, C. (2020). How does environmental knowledge translate into pro-environmental behaviors?: The mediating role of environmental attitudes and behavioral intentions. Journal of Science of the Total Environment, 126-138.- Makhdoom, M. (1996). Sustainable Development. Journal of Jihad, 194, 3-10 (in Persian).- McBride, B. B., Brewer, C. A., Berkowitz, A. R., & Borrie, W. T. (2013). Environmental literacy, ecological literacy, ecoliteracy: What do we mean and how did we get here? Ecosphere, 4(5), 1-20- Mikuła, A., Raczkowska, M., & Utzig, M. (2021). Pro-Environmental Behaviour in the European Union Countries. Energies, 14(18), 5689.- Mostafa, M. M. (2007). Gender differences in Egyptian consumers’ green purchase behaviour: the effects of environmental knowledge, concern and attitude. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 31(3), 220-229.- Noori, H., & Norouzi, A. (2017). Fundamentals of Environmental Planning for Sustainable Rural Development. Isfahan: University of Isfahan Press (in Persian).- Pourtarery, M., Roknedin Eftekhari, A., & Rahmati, M. (2013). The Impacts of Legal Knowledge in Rural Social Welfare (A Case: Study of Western Mian Kohe, Country area Poldokhtar-Lorestan Province-Iran). Journal of Geography and Planning, 16(42), 45-63.- Riahi, V., Javan, F., & Dehghani, N. (2017). Analysis of the viewpoint of training the villagers to protect the environment of rural areas (Case Study: Rezvanshahr city). Journal of Human and Environment, 14(39), 67-78 (in Persian).- Salehi, S. (2012). Environmental Behvaior and Education. Journal of Educational Sciences, 18(2), 201-226 (in Persian).- Salehi, S., & Imam Gholi, L. (2012). Experimental study of the relationship between environmental awareness and behaviors (study of urban and rural areas of Sanandaj city). Journal of Social Problems of Iran, 1, 121-147 (in Persian).- Shakouei, H. (2011). New Thoughts in the Philosophy of Geography. Seventh Edition. Tehran: Gitashenasi Publication (in Persian).- Sojasi Qeidari, H., & Faal Jalali, A. (2018). Assessing the Villagers’ Environmental Behavior and Awareness (Case Study: Zanglanloo Rural District). Journal of Spatial Planning, 8(1), 29-50 (in Persian).- Sojasi Qeidary, H., & Azizi, S. (2016). Assessing Rural Farmers Environmental Literacy Level (Case Study: Villages of Zoeram Dehestan in Shirvan District). Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, 27(3), 107-130 (in Persian).- Statistics Center of Iran (2016). General Census of Population and Housing in 2016, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. (n.p) (in Persian).- Webster (2022). Merriam-webster Dictionary. Retrieved from:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/environment.

Abstract Background Accurate cardiac volume and function assessment have valuable and significant diagnostic implications for patients suffering from ventricular dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. This study has focused on finding a reliable assistant to help physicians have more reliable and accurate cardiac measurements using a deep neural network. EchoRCNN is a semi-automated neural network for echocardiography sequence segmentation using a combination of mask region-based convolutional neural network image segmentation structure with reference-guided mask propagation video object segmentation network. Results The proposed method accurately segments the left and right ventricle regions in four-chamber view echocardiography series with a dice similarity coefficient of 94.03% and 94.97%, respectively. Further post-processing procedures on the segmented left and right ventricle regions resulted in a mean absolute error of 3.13% and 2.03% for ejection fraction and fractional area change parameters, respectively. Conclusion This study has achieved excellent performance on the left and right ventricle segmentation, leading to more accurate estimations of vital cardiac parameters such as ejection fraction and fractional area change parameters in the left and right ventricle functionalities, respectively. The results represent that our method can predict an assured, accurate, and reliable cardiac function diagnosis in clinical screenings.

Abstract Purpose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an effective chemotherapy drug, is commonly applied for colorectal cancer treatment. Nevertheless, its toxicity to normal tissues and the development of tumor resistance are the main obstacles to successful cancer chemotherapy and hence, its clinical application is limited. The use of resveratrol can increase 5-FU-induced cytotoxicity and mitigate the unwanted adverse effects. This study aimed to review the potential therapeutic effects of resveratrol in combination with 5-FU against colorectal cancer. Methods According to the PRISMA guideline, a comprehensive systematic search was carried out for the identification of relevant literature in four electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus up to May 2021 using a pre-defined set of keywords in their titles and abstracts. We screened 282 studies in accordance with our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirteen articles were finally included in this systematic review. Results The in vitro findings showed that proliferation inhibition of colorectal cancer cells in the groups treated by 5-FU was remarkably higher than the untreated groups and the co-administration of resveratrol remarkably increased cytotoxicity induced by 5-FU. The in vivo results demonstrated a decrease in tumor growth of mice treated by 5-FU than the untreated group and a dramatic decrease was observed following combined treatment of resveratrol and 5-FU. It was also found that 5-FU alone and combined with resveratrol could regulate the cell cycle profile of colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, this chemotherapeutic agent induced the biochemical and histopathological changes in the cancerous cells/tissues and these alterations were synergized by resveratrol co-administration (for most of the cases), except for the inflammatory mediators. Conclusion The results obtained from this systematic review demonstrated that co-administration of resveratrol could sensitize the colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU treatment via various mechanisms, including regulation of cell cycle distribution, oxidant, apoptosis, anti-inflammatory effects.

Background. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders after stroke. Due to the side effects and poor response of conventional anticonvulsant drugs, researchers have turned their attention to find new drugs. Carvacrol is a phenolic compound with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticonvulsant effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of carvacrol in PTZ-induced seizures in male mice and to investigate the role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid (NMDA) receptor. Methods. In the present experimental study, 90 mice were randomly divided into 9 groups (n=10). Drugs were injected intraperitoneally 30 minutes before PTZ injection. Then, seizure onset time, serum and brain antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and NMDA receptor gene expression in the hippocampus were examined. Results. Seizure onset time in the group received carvacrol (20 and 40 mg/kg) was significantly longer than the PTZ group (P

الملخص: أهداف البحث: إن بدء الرضاعة الطبيعية الحصرية واستمرارها يلعب دورا حيويا في صحة الأم والطفل. تبحث هذه الدراسة في التنبؤ بالرضاعة الطبيعية الحصرية للأمهات الإيرانيات باستخدام نموذج العوامل الخمسة للسمات الشخصية. طرق البحث: شارك في هذه الدراسة المقطعية ما مجموعه ١٢٠ أمّا، لديهن أطفال تتراوح أعمارهم بين ٦ إلى ١٢ شهرا، تمت إحالتهم إلى مراكز الصحة في شيراز في إيران. طُلب من المشاركات ملء استبانة ديموغرافية، ومقياس الرضاعة الطبيعية الحصري، ومقياس العوامل الخمسة الكبرى لسمات الشخصية. كما تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام معامل ارتباط بيرسون والانحدار المتعدد. النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن صفة التوافق حصلت على أعلى درجة (متوسط الدرجات = ١٦.١٣، والانحراف المعياري = ٢.١٠) وسجلت صفة العصابية أقل درجة (متوسط الدرجة = ١٢.١٣، والانحراف المعياري = ٢.٦٨). أشارت النتائج الرئيسة إلى وجود علاقة معنوية بين سمة الانبساط والرضاعة الطبيعية الحصرية (معامل الارتباط =٠.٣٦) في تحليل الانحدار، وكانت النتائج تدل على التنبؤ الإيجابي بالرضاعة الطبيعية الحصرية لكل من سمة الانبساط (بيتا=٠.٤٣) وسمة الضمير (بيتا=٠.١٨). الاستنتاجات: قد تؤثر سمات الشخصية على الرضاعة الطبيعية الحصرية، ويمكن أن تكون أداة مفيدة في تقليل العوائق التي تحول دون الرضاعة الطبيعية الحصرية، وفي تحديد الأمهات اللائي يحتجن إلى مزيد من الدعم النفسي. Abstract: Objectives: The initiation of exclusive breastfeeding and its continuation plays a vital role in maternal and child health. This study investigates the prediction of exclusive breastfeeding in Iranian mothers using the five-factor model. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted using cluster random sampling. and 120 mothers with children aged 6 to 12 months, referred to health centres of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Valfagr and Enghelab in Iran, participated in this cross-sectional study. The participants were requested to fill 3 questionnaire containing demographic questionnaire, the exclusive breastfeeding scale, and the Big Five factors (BFF) questionnaire of personality traits. The data were collected between May and December 2019 and analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: The results showed that the agreeableness trait had the highest score (mean score = 16.13, SD = 2.10) and the neuroticism trait had the lowest score (mean score = 12.13, SD = 2.68). The main results indicated a significant relationship between the extraversion trait and exclusive breastfeeding (r = 0.36, p

This research was conducted to determine the effect of salicylic acid on the drought tolerance of three pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) rootstocks. The treatments were included three irrigation levels (Control: 100 % ETc, medium stress: 65% ETc, and severe stress: 30% ETc), three pistachio rootstocks, and three salicylic acid concentrations (0, 1, and 3 mM). The salicylic acid solution was once applied as a foliar spray, starting water stress, and irrigation treatments continued for 75 days. Results showed that P. vera ‘Badami Zarand’ was less affected by water stress treatments than the other seedling rootstocks. Among the rootstocks studied, the highest photosynthesis rate (6.55 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1) was obtained in P. vera ‘Badami Zarand’ under severe water stress (30 % ETc) and 1 mM salicylic acid application. The lowest photosynthesis rate (2.75 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1) was observed in P. vera ‘Sarakhs’ under severe water stress (30 % ETc) and 3 mM salicylic acid treatment. In addition, the highest relative water content (66.16%) and the lowest ion leakage (33.29%) were obtained in ‘Badami Zarand.’ The 1 mM salicylic acid application effectively reduced the negative effects of water stress. According to the results, P. vera ‘Badami Zarand’ showed a better response to salicylic acid under stress conditions, and the highest photosynthesis, relative leaf water content, dry weight of organs (leaves, shoots, roots), and the lowest ion leakage under drought stress belonged to this rootstock.

Abstract Background The application of ribo nucleic acids for molecular studies requires high integrity and quality of extracted total RNA samples. In addition, the need to transfer RNA samples at room temperature without special treatments such as ice and liquid nitrogen storage according to international transport laws highlights the importance of low cost alternative methods such as RNA air-drying, lyophilisation and transportable agents. In this study, the quality and quantity of air-dried RNA samples from leaf, petiole and bark tissues of different olive genotypes using several RNA extraction methods were compared with lyophilized ground leaves and RNAlater-stored tissue samples before precipitation. The quality of RNA and prepared libraries were checked by several techniques including agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Agilent quality control, RT-PCR amplification of housekeeping and viral genes and high throughput sequencing. Results Although RNA value varied amongst cultivars, RNA extraction with TRIzol™ Reagent in fresh extractions and samples stored in RNAlater before RNA extraction resulted in 455.26 ng/µL and 63.46 ng/µL (mean value of cultivars) as the highest RNA concentration averages, respectively. RNA samples extracted by TRIzol™ Reagents and stored for a short term at – 80 °C before air-drying showed the third highest concentration (44.87 ng/µL). The synthesized cDNAs quality for PCR amplification of housekeeping genes (Rbc 1 and Nad 5) and partial genomes of Arabis mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus showed satisfactory results in RNA samples extracted by TRIzol™ Reagents despite its variation amongst cultivars. Conclusions Considering the difficulties in the extraction of high quality and quantity RNA in olive for molecular analyses, this study demonstrated that RNA extraction method based on TRIzol™ Reagent can be considered for virobiome studies of both fresh and air-dried samples.

Background and Objectives: Enteral alimentation is the preferred modality of support in critical patients who have acceptable digestive function and are unable to eat orally, but the advantages of continuous versus bolus administration are surrounded by controversy. This study aimed to examine the effect of tube feeding using the bolus method and continuous infusion on the clinical indicators of trauma patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical trial of the triple blind was conducted on 74 trauma patients admitted to special care units of a university hospital in 2022. The patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups (n = 36). Feeding in the continuous group was carried out through an infusion pump while feeding in the bolus group was carried out by the usual bolus method. In addition, clinical indicators (intestinal excretion, gavage's residual volume, vomiting, and pulmonary aspiration) were monitored for a period of 7 days in the patients. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact test by the SPSS software version 16. Results: Results of the study showed that the number of times the gavage's residual volume was greater in the bolus group than in the continuous group (P = 0.02). Other results showed no statistical significant difference between the two groups regarding vomiting, intestinal excretion, and respiratory aspiration (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The gavage's residual volume did not increase during continuous infusion enteral feeding; therefore, this method is suitable for use in the ICU as a supportive feeding method.

Microbiological properties, proximate composition, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, fatty acid (FA) composition, peroxide value (PV), free fatty acids (FFA), histamine and water holding capacity (WHC) in fresh and frozen-stored (3, 6, and 12 months at −18 °C) fillets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (170.46 ± 1.16 g) fed diets containing 50 mg vitamin E (control) alone or with 200 mg vitamin E (VE), 500 mg probiotic (PR), 50 mg astaxanthin (AS) and 500 mg rosemary extract (RE) kg−1 for 4 months were assessed. Decreasing trends in fillet WHC (specially in control and AS groups) were observed in the 12-month storage. Although a low increase in fillet bacterial population occurred during the storage time in all groups, lower bacterial counts were observed in PR group. Fillet histamine, TVN and pH levels were in the accepted ranges in all treatments during the storage. Also, FFA level and proximate composition of fillets didn’t show any significant change during the storage time. The PR diet controlled microbiological activity and variations of pH and PV of fillet samples better than the other experimental diets. It also prepared an appropriate FA composition and retained the desired amounts of both n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in fish fillets until the end of storage period, while no significant differences were seen in values of TVN, pH, FFA and histamine among the treatments. However, AS and RE diets tended to be less functional maintaining the fillet quality during the storage time than the other experimental diets. According to the results, a diet containing 500 mg bacilli probiotic with 50 mg vitamin E kg−1 could be highly efficient in maintaining a good quality of trout fillet stored at − 18°C for 12 months.

AbstractResearch results show that the business model, which has received much attention in recent years, has a decisive role in the success of businesses. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize critical factors for business model success. The present study was conducted by the mixed method. The study's statistical population is entrepreneurs, investors, and experts in the information and communication technology industry. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 15 ICT experts. In the quantitative section, 142 questionnaires were collected. An open and axial coding method has been used to analyze the qualitative data. Confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling approach using AMOS software is used in the quantitative part. The results of the quantitative section show that among the factors affecting business model success are dynamics, clear vision and mission, unique value proposition and effective customer relationship, the internal fit of business model elements, difficulty in imitation of business model, and the effective use of resources are essential, respectively.IntroductionBusinesses face a challenging and rapidly changing environment in today's world. A literature review shows that companies with innovative goods and services have failed. All these failures are due to failure to attract customers and inability to compete. Indicates that a good product, service, or advanced technology does not guarantee success (Teece, 2010: 173). Numerous and valuable studies have been done on why entrepreneurs fail. One of the possible reasons for them is the inability of the business to create a competitive advantage and their failure to design a business model (Morris, Schindehutte & Allen, 2005: 727). A business model is an operational path or method used by a company to provide value to customers. New business models can change the industry's rules by introducing new ways and linking strategy to entrepreneurship (Colabi & Karimirad, 2020: 259).However, despite many studies in the field of business model, a business model is a concept that is not well developed due to the youth of this field of research and its extraction from various fields and the lack of consensus on what it is (Amit & Zott, 2015: 332). A literature review shows an insufficient understanding of the business model (Dasilva & Trkman, 2014: 381). The business model is a vague concept that needs more transparency to develop (Ritter & Lettl, 2018: 2). As a result, there is a need to examine essential variables in business model design to guide managers to improve their business model design (Zott et al., 2011: 1028). However, because the factors influencing the success of the business model have not been explicitly examined by researchers, identifying the key factors influencing the success of the business model will be an essential achievement for the business model literature. As a result, this research question is what are the key factors influencing the business model's success?Case studyThe statistical population of this research is entrepreneurs, investors, and experts in Information and Communication Technology in Iran.Theoretical frameworkThe business model can define the activities necessary to produce the product and provide an appropriate framework for managers to make decisions (Ladd, 2018: 59). A literature review shows that different researchers have offered various definitions for the business model. Osterwalder (2005) defines the business model as the architecture of the company and the network of partners to create, market, and create value and capital relationships with one or more segments of customers to create profitable and sustainable revenue streams.Entrepreneurs use the business model to describe the company's logic, how it does business, and create value for stakeholders (Aspara, Lamberg, Laukia & Tikkanen, 2013: 461). To maximize the potential of a business model, businesses must be customer-centric, and a business model must be developed to meet customers' specific needs (Liu & Bell, 2019: 517).MethodologyThis study aims to identify and prioritize the key factors affecting the business model's success. The research method is mixed, and the statistical population of this research is entrepreneurs, investors, and experts in the field of Information and Communication Technology in Iran. Data in the qualitative section has been gathered using a semi-structured interview with 15 experts and entrepreneurs of the ICT industry. In the quantitative area, the views of 142 experts and entrepreneurs of the information and communication technology industry have been gathered using a questionnaire. For analyzing qualitative data, open and axial coding method has been used. In the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis was performed by structural equation modeling approach using AMOS version 23 software.Discussion and ResultsThe results of the quantitative section show that among the factors affecting business model success are dynamics, clear vision and mission, unique value proposition and effective customer relationship, the internal fit of business model elements, difficulty in imitation of business model, and the effective use of resources are important, respectively.ConclusionIn this study, the factors affecting the success of business model design are investigated. However, it should be noted that there is no such thing as a good business model. Each situation is different and requires another solution, and the design of a business model depends on the situation (Alt & Zimmermann, 2014: 244). Analysis of qualitative research data shows that success factors can be divided into internal fit, clear vision and mission, dynamism, effective use of resources, incredible difficulty, effective customer relations, and unique value proposition. Therefore, the most significant contribution of this research is the introduction of variables to design a successful business model.

Background: Some parametric models are used to diagnose problems of lung segmentation more easily and effectively. Objective: The present study aims to detect lung diseases (nodules and tuberculosis) better using an active shape model (ASM) from chest radiographs.Material and Methods: In this analytical study, six grouping methods, including three primary methods such as physicians, Dice similarity, and correlation coefficients) and also three secondary methods using SVM (Support Vector Machine) were used to classify the chest radiographs regarding diaphragm congestion and heart reshaping. The most effective method, based on the evaluation of the results by a radiologist, was found and used as input data for segmenting the images by active shape model (ASM). Several segmentation parameters were evaluated to calculate the accuracy of segmentation. This work was conducted on JSRT (Japanese Society of Radiological Technology) database images and tuberculosis database images were used for validation. Results: The results indicated that the ASM can detect 94.12 ± 2.34 % and 94.38 ± 3.74 % (mean± standard deviation) of pulmonary nodules in left and right lungs, respectively, from the JRST radiology datasets. Furthermore, the ASM model detected 88.33 ± 6.72 % and 90.37 ± 5.48 % of tuberculosis in left and right lungs, respectively. Conclusion: The ASM segmentation method combined with pre-segmentation grouping can be used as a preliminary step to identify areas with tuberculosis or pulmonary nodules. In addition, this presented approach can be used to measure the size and dimensions of the heart in future studies.

Background and Objectives: People are always looking for new ways to achieve a good and healthy life. They associate such a life with wellbeing and happiness. The World Health Organization defines health as a form of wellbeing, in which each person identifies his or her abilities and plays a role in society effectively. Many studies have shown the correlation between moral virtues and psychological wellbeing. This research aims to study the role of militancy/ peacefulness morality in predicting psychological wellbeing among university students. Methods: This research was a correlational study. The sample size was calculated based on Kline guideline. We included in our study 530 (226 males and 304 females) undergraduate students in humanities, engineering, basic sciences, art, and architecture. They were selected by random cluster sampling method from different faculties of Shiraz University, Shiraz City, Iran, from January to September 2019. Then, they responded to Ryff’s psychological wellbeing scale and researcher-made militancy/peacefulness scale. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in AMOS software. Results: Their Mean±SD total scores of wellbeing and militancy were 21.62±4.54 and 52.75±10.15, respectively. The results of analytical statistics showed that militancy/peacefulness (such as hatred, mischief, slander, and stupidity) is a negative predictor of psychological wellbeing. The obtained results of this analysis also showed that the final model of the study has good fitness. Conclusion: Considering the findings of this study, we recommend teaching peaceful behaviors in universities by using educational workshops in the field of moral virtue.

Social security seeks to meet the needs of people in achieving adequate living conditions by redistributing income and providing services such as providing alternative income for disabled or retired employees and medical services. The goals of social security plans are achieved when the organization has sufficient resources to carry out its tasks. Accordingly, recognizing the factors affecting the lost resources of the Social Security Organization and how these factors affect, will help prevent a deficit in the resources of this organization. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors affecting the lost resources of the Social Security Organization in Iran during the period 2013 to 2019. For this purpose, initially, using the micro data of household expenditure and income plan and using related indicators, the amount of resources lost was calculated descriptively and using the concept of informal employment. Preliminary processing of the data shows that the Social Security Organization has lost an average of 14.5% of its annual financial resources during this period. Then, the research model was estimated by dynamic panel data method and the estimation of generalized of Moments system in 31 provinces of the country. The results show that informal employment, economic structure (Value added ratio of industry to agriculture), unemployment rate and inflation have a direct impact on lost social security resources. The results of this study also show that the interactive effect of economic structure in border provinces on lost resources is inverse. Explaining that with the increase in the added value of the industrial sector compared to the added value of the agricultural sector in the border provinces, the lost resources of social security are reduced.

Informal employment typically poses many problems for communities and governments. For example, most informal workers face problems relating to poverty and economic insecurity due to the lack of a social security organization and labor law in the informal sector. Informal employment also has detrimental effects on governments, such as incorrect estimates of GDP and tax cuts. Accordingly, identifying the factors affecting informal employment will greatly help economic policymakers to control this phenomenon. This study attempts to examine the determinants of informal employment in urban and rural areas of Iran between 2013 and 2019. To this aim, applying the urban and rural household income-expenditure survey in the mentioned period, the share of informal employment in the total employment was calculated. Preliminary data processing illustrates that, on average, 45.1% of urban employees and 74.6% of rural employees are engaged in informal occupations. The results of estimating the research model indicate that employees' level of education and marital status have an indirect (favorable) effect on informal employment in urban and rural areas. There is also a U-shaped relationship between age and informal employment. At the same time, being a man in urban areas and being a woman in rural areas increase informal employment.

Drought is one of the main important adverse environmental events, certainly has an impact on plant growth and development. Pistachio is cultivated in areas where soil water deficits and salinity conditions are higher than normal. In most orchards, deficit irrigation is a common practice. There is only limited understanding of the physiological mechanisms pistachio uses to survive in drought. Many adaptive strategies have been developed in plants for dealing with water stress. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of drought stress on the photosynthetic, physiological and biochemical parameters in one-year-old seedlings of 12 pistachio hybrids. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was carried out to assess the effects of two drought stress treatments (drought stress and full-irrigation) for 40 days with a subsequent two weeks’ recovery period and several parameters (pigments (total chlorophyll, anthocyanins and carotenoids), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), chloride (Cl-) ions and fluorescence parameter) were evaluated at four different times (beginning, middle and end of stress and then recovery). After the end of the stress period, the seedlings were irrigated for two weeks. Results revealed that the drought stress treatments led to a change in the studied parameters and the mechanism of drought tolerance was variable at different times. Pistacia atlantica hybrid, P. vera “Sarakhs” and P. vera “Shasti” hybrid rootstocks had the highest water use efficiency; P. vera “Sarakhs” hybrid, P. vera “Khanjari” hybrid and P. vera “Badami” hybrid had the highest Cl- and mesophyll efficiency. P. atlantica and P. vera “Khanjari” had the highest anthocyanins and carotenoids. P. vera “Shasti”, P. vera “badami”, P. mutica and P. mutica hybrid rootstocks have been able to withstand drought stress by increasing the amount of K+ ion and maintaining gas exchanges. The results also showed that the response of the rootstocks to rehydration was different. Seedlings that recovered well after rehydration had a higher tolerance threshold. The “Khanjari” cultivar was recovered better than the others.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to illustrate the process of applying the “new public management” approach in the country, explain the approach that has been implemented in practice and compare it with the claimed approach. Methods: In this research, a mixed-methods research design has been used. In the qualitative stage, the strategy of grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin’s systematic design) and the theoretical sampling method have been used. In a quantitative stage, a survey and correlation strategy was used and 400 people were selected as a sample using the multistage random sampling method. To estimate the parameters and perform structural equation modeling, the maximum likelihood method has been used in Amos 24 software.Results: The results of research in both qualitative and quantitative sections show that imitation and convergence with the global trend are the main factors in choosing the "new public management" approach. The results also show the weak effect of choosing the "new public management" approach and the relatively strong effect of specific conditions on increasing the inefficiency of the current management approach of the country. The choice of the "new public management" approach in the country, along with the specific conditions of the management system, has led to greater inefficiency and increased negative consequences.Conclusion: In a general conclusion, it can be said that improving the three important components of good governance, namely the rule of law, transparency and control of corruption are the main prerequisites for applying the “new public management” approach and its main pillar, namely privatization. Otherwise, applying this approach in the public sector will have much more negative consequences.

Introduction: EGSnrc software package is one of the computational packages for Monte Carlo simulation in radiation therapy and has several subset codes. Directional bremsstrahlung splitting (DBS) is a technique that applies braking radiations in interactions in this software. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of this technique on the simulation time, uncertainty, particle number of phase-space data, and photon beam spectrum resulting from a medical linear accelerator (LINAC). Materials and methods: The gantry of the accelerator, including the materials and geometries of different parts, was simulated using the BEAMnrc code (a subset code in the EGSnrc package). The phase-space data were recorded in different parts of the LINAC. The DBS values (1, 10, 100, and 1000) were changed, and their effects were evaluated on the simulation parameters and output spectra. Results: Increasing the DBS value from 1 to 1000 resulted in an increase in the simulation time from 1.778 to 11.310 hours, and increasing the number of particles in the phase-space plane (5 590 732-180 328 382). When the DBS had been picked up from 1 to 100, the simulation uncertainty decreased by about 1.29%. In addition, the DBS increment value from 100 to 1000 leads to an increase in uncertainty and simulation time of about 0.71% and 315%, respectively. Conclusion: Although using the DBS technique reduces the simulation time or uncertainty, increasing the DBS from a specific value, equal to 100 in our study, increases simulation uncertainties and times. Therefore, we propose considering a specific DBS value as we obtained for the Monte Carlo simulation of photon beams produced by linear accelerators.

Objectives Epidemics are anticipated to influence the coverage of health services. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal healthcare indices and care providers’ performance.Setting 1801 maternal healthcare centres under the auspices of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Southern Iran.Participants Approximately 63 000 pregnant women.Primary and secondary outcome measures In this prospective ecological study, interrupted time series analysis was used to model and compare the trend of maternal healthcare indices before and after the COVID-19 pandemic announcement.Results The results showed a significant drop in count of preconception healthcare visits, first routine laboratory tests, first trimester prenatal care, first trimester sonography, prenatal screening for birth defects at weeks 11–13, prenatal care visits at weeks 16–20, second routine laboratory tests, second trimester sonography, prenatal care visits at weeks 24–30, prenatal care visits at weeks 31–34, postpartum care visits at days 10–15 and postpartum care visits at days 30–42 with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (−50% (95% CI −48.68% to –51.36%), −19.67% (95% CI −22.12% to –17.15%), −25.88% (95% CI −28.46% to –23.21%), −23.84% (95% CI −26.26% to –21.34%), −20.16% (95% CI −23.01% to –17.20%), −18.53% (95% CI −21.25% to –15.71%), −28.63% (95% CI −31.03% to –26.14%), −27.48% (95% CI −30.07% to –24.79%), −31.08% (95% CI −33.43% to –28.61%), −31.84% (95% CI −34.35% to –29.23%), 32.55% (95% CI −35.12% to –29.89%) and −39.28% (95% CI −41.59% to –36.88%), respectively). Nevertheless, the trend in coverage of these services showed recovery in the subsequent months (8.36%, 10.55%, 5.74%, 8.01%, 4.40%, 5.06%, 11.20%, 7.58%, 7.38%, 7.80%, 9.59% and 9.61% per month, respectively).Conclusions Using ecological data during the COVID-19 pandemic era, we observed a ‘level change and slope change’ as the major pattern of interruption of maternal healthcare coverage, indicating a possible indirect effect rather than a causative relationship. Such relative predictability might assist with future pandemic planning.

Introduction: Due to the high number of road traffic accidents in Iran and the significant rate of death and adverse complications caused by these accidents, it seems necessary to investigate the related factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of traffic accidents and the factors affecting the death of hospitalized patients due to accidents. Methods: In this study, injured patients due to traffic accidents referring to the trauma hospital in Shiraz were randomly entered into the study for 6 months. The factors affecting the occurrence of an accident including the risk factors before the accident, during the incident, and at the time of hospitalization were investigated in the patient's mortality rate. A multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the effect of factors on the patients’ chances of death. Results: In this study, 563 injured patients from traumatic accidents admitted to the recovery unit for a period of 6 months were investigated. Injuries and death in the first eight hours of admission are significantly higher than other hours. The results show that damage to the age group of 15-39 years, Glasgow coma score, injury severity score, trauma injury severity score, revised trauma score, head and neck injury score, and the history of having a surgery significantly increase the chance of death. Among the areas of injury, having head and neck injuries as well as abdomen injury makes the chance of death 3.36 and 6.62 fold, respectively. Conclusion: It is necessary to observe safety rules for drivers and passengers of the car more than before. Also, patients referring to trauma centers should be prioritized and treated based on the existing classification criteria and the risk assessment of death according to prognostic factors.

in the present study, the possibility of uranium recovery from aqueous solutions was investigated using electrodialysis process. Also, the effect of separation time, electrical potential difference, flow rate, acidity, uranium concentration, and concentration of electrodes wash solution were studied. The results showed that the electrodialysis process remained stable in less than 20 minutes. As the electrical potential difference rises from 5 to 20 V, the separation of uranium increased and then remained constant due to the hydrolysis phenomenon. Due to less resistance, the membrane module performance of the single-cell was more appropriate than the multi-cell module. In addition, the uranium separation was reduced by increasing the flow rate and the feed concentration, according to the reduction of residence time and increasing the concentration polarization phenomenon. Anothert result was that the increase of feed solution acidity reduced the uranium separation and increased the electric current, which can be justified by the competition between acid ions and uranium. By increasing the concentration of sodium nitrate in the electrodes wash solution from 0.01 to 0.25 M, the percentage of uranium separation increased. The results of this study showed that the recovery of the uranium from aqueous solutions using electrodialysis process is possible.

In order to study the effects of foliar application of potassium (K) and boron (B) and dificit irrigation treatments on quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Field of Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran, in 2019. The main plots were allocated to irrigation treatments including: irrigation after 70, 100 and 130 mm (I1, I2 and I3, respectively) cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan and the sub plots were allocated to fertilizer treatments in the form of foliar sparying including: control (no fertilizer application), K, B and B + K. The greatest sugar content was obtained from the I2 irrigation treatment and B spraying, which did not have significant difference with I1 irrigation and B+K treatments. Although I2 irrigation treatment increased the sugar content compared to I1 irrigation treatment, however it decreased the white sugar yield probably due to decreased root yield and increased root impurities and consequently drought-associated increase in sugar molasses. The greatest shoot fresh weight, root diameter and single root dry weight were observed in I1 irrigation and B+K treatments. The lowest amount of harmful nitrogen and sugar molasses were obtained under full irrigation conditions and spraying of K and B+K, respectively. Since the highest yield of white sugar was obtained under full irrigation conditions and spraying of B + K, it indicates that drought stress should be avoided during growth and development stages of sugar beet. Given the ever-increasing threat of drought to the sugar beet cropping areas of Iran, foliar application of B and K can be considered as an approach to reduce the effects of drought stress and improve the qualitative and quantitative traits of sugar beet.

Abstract Background In vitro culture of olive, as an economically valuable tree, has fundamentally a genotype-dependant low micropropagation rate which needs to be improved in already established and newly released cultivars. Various plant tissue culture media, planting systems and growth factors were evaluated in two promissing Iranian olive cultivars ˈAminˈ and ˈMeshkatˈ and the commercial Spanish cultivar ˈArbequinaˈ. Results The results showed that cultivars have their specific optimal media, i.e. ˈAminˈ in the MS with 4 mg/L zeatin, ˈArbequinaˈ in the OM with 1 mg/L zeatin, and ˈMeshkatˈ in the OM and MS with 2 mg/L zeatin, which produced significantly a higher number of axillary shoots than other media. The results also indicated a significant improvement in the growth indices of ˈAminˈ (number of axillary shoots) when cultured using periodical mini bioreactor (PMB) in the VS medium. In comparison with VS, OM did not reveal any significant differences when both culturing systems (PMB and semi-solid media (SSM)) were used. Regarding the effect of carbon source and light intensity, mannitol and 2000 cd sr m−2 greatly enhanced ˈArbequinaˈ growth indices (main shoot length and growth quality). The results of genetic stability of callus induced shoots (CIS) and meristem induced shoots (MIS) revealed that 2C DNA value assessed by partec flow cytometery (FCM) had 0.01, 0.03 and 0.08 pg discrepencies in ˈAminˈ, ˈArbequinaˈ and ˈMeshkatˈ, repectively. The Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) results also indicated that the cultivars were classified regardless of the micropropagation origin (CIS or MIS), except for ˈArbequinaˈ. The AFLP findings showed that ˈArbequinaˈ had the highest dispersal (7–38%) in CIS and MIS, while the Iranian cultivar of ˈMeshkatˈ (5–9%) had the highest stability. Conclusions This study indicated the importance of in vitro growth parameters for improving the micropropagation indices of olive cultivars. It showed that optimized protocols (OM, PMB, zeatin, mannitol and 2000 cd sr m−2) co-produced larger calli resulting in indirect organogenesis. Based on FCM and AFLP analysis, it can be concluded that true-to-typeness of micropropagated olive was cultivar-dependent.

The present descriptive Interrelational research set out to examine causal relationship between leadership worldview and organizational innovation with a focus on the mediating role of organizational mindfulness. The research population included 344 administrative staff at University of Isfahan from 2017-2018. A sample of 182 was randomly selected using the proportional stratified sampling procedure. The researcher data were obtained through a researcher-made questionnaire measuring leadership worldview, the organizational innovation questionnaire and organizational mindfulness questionnaire.The instruments were initially validated and their reliability coefficients were estimated through Cronbach Alpha and found to be 0.88, 0.91 and 0.72, respectively. The collected data were analyzed via SPSS software version 23 and Amos. Results indicated that the revised proposed causal model enjoyed a good fit index and that the research variables could explain 41 and 31 percent of the variance in organizational mindfulness and organizational innovation. Overall, the findings revealed that organizational mindfulness, along with entrepreneurial and network worldviews, had direct significant positive effects on organizational innovation, while the direct effect of communitarian and regulatory worldviews on organizational innovation was found to be insignificant. Moreover, the leadership worldview dimensions were found to have significant positive and direct effect on organizational mindfulness and indirect effect on organizational innovation which is mediated through organizational mindfulness.

Background and Aim: Diabetes is a well-known disease with such complications, as retinopathy, nephropathy, and gastropathy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of thiamine and lead acetate on the colon of induced-alloxan diabetic rats; the effects of which become obvious in the treatment or reduction of tissue complications caused by diabetes. Methods & Materials: In this study, 63 rats weighing 200 g were divided into 9 groups, as follows: 1) Group of diabetes+pb acetate 200 ppm; 2) Group of thiamin+pb acetate 200 ppm; 3) Group of thiamine+pb acetate 1000 ppm; 4) Group of diabetes+thiamine+Pb acetate 1000 ppm; 5) Diabetes group; 6) Group of diabetes+thiamine; 7) Group of diabetes+thiamine+acetate 200 ppm; 8) Group of diabetes+pb acetate 1000 ppm, and 9) the control group. After 20 days, the study samples were removed from the abdominal cavity and the slides were prepared by routine tissue method. Then, the slides were evaluated for stereological and histomorphometric studies. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University (Code: GRN1M1903). Moreover, all methods used in the present study, including facilitation, were conducted per the ethical principles of animal restraint. Results: The mean thickness of mucosa-sub-mucosa suggested significant differences in groups 6 and 7, compared to other treatment groups. There was a significant difference in the thickness of the muscle layer between the control and all treatment groups except for groups 2, 6, and 7. There was no significant difference in the mean thickness of advantia layer in groups 1, 7, and 8, and the control group. The obtained results also indicated a significant difference concerning different layers of colon tissue between group 1 and controls. Conclusion: Based on the present research results, thiamine presented enhancing effects on muscle layer thickness and adventitia layer thickness. Furthermore, the area of the mucosal layer was not affected by the improving effects of thiamine.

Introduction: Trauma patients are potentially at high risk of acquiring infections in hospitals,which is the main cause of in-hospital mortality. The aim of this study was to identify the riskfactors contributing to death from hospital-acquired infections in trauma patients by datamining techniques.Methods: This is a cohort study. A total of 549 trauma patients with nosocomial infectionwho were admitted to Shiraz trauma hospital between 2017 and 2018 were studied. Sex,age, mechanism of injury, body region injured, injury severity score, length of stay, typeof intervention, infection day after admission, microorganism cause of infections, andthe outcomes were collected. Association rule mining techniques were applied to extractknowledge from the data set. The IBM SPSS Modeler data mining software version 18.0 wasused as a tool for data mining of the trauma patients with hospital queried infections database.Results: The age older than 65, surgical site infection skin, bloodstream infection, mechanisminjury of car accident, invasive intervention of tracheal intubation, injury severity score higherthan 16, and multiple injuries with higher than 71 percent confidence level were associatedwith in-hospital mortality. The relationship between those predicators and death amonghospital-acquired infection was strong (Lift value >1).Conclusion: Factors such as increasing age, tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilator,surgical site infection skin, upper respiratory infection are associated with death fromhospital-acquired infections in trauma patients by data mining.

Aims: Given the wide cultural diversity of patients in the current world, nurses need to have great cultural competence. This study aimed to explore the concept of cultural competence in Iranian nurses. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2017–2018 using Graneheim and Lundman's approach to qualitative content analysis. A purposeful sample of eighteen clinical nurses was recruited with maximum variation from hospitals of Isfahan and Ahvaz, Iran. Data were collected through eighteen semistructured interviews and simultaneously analyzed through directed content analysis. Findings: Data analysis resulted in the formation of thirteen subcategories which were respectively grouped into the four categories of cultural cognition (cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, and cultural insight), cultural care intention (cultural encounter, cultural desire, and cultural eagerness), cultural flexibility (cultural attitude, cultural sensitivity, and resolving cultural conflicts), and cultural care skills (communication skills, cultural evaluation skills, behavioral skills, and skills to get feedback about cultural care). Conclusion: Iran has many ethnic and religious groups which have a variety of subcultures, so Iranian nurses need to be sensitive about cultural diversity in health-care settings and have the cultural competence to facilitate the delivery of quality culturally competent care to the patients of different cultures.

Abstract The material authenticity of cultural heritage has been questioned by societies in which the modern paradigm of conservation has not developed from within the native culture. This paper examines the philosophical and practical traditions in Iran regarding the materiality and authenticity of past structures. By reviewing the emergence of the Western conservation paradigm in Iran, this paper highlights two key factors: the rapidness of this paradigm shift and the remarkable contradiction between the new and old paradigms. By borrowing the Deleuzo-Guattarian concept of a ‘body without organs’ (BwO), this paper problematises the rapidness and radicality of the paradigm shift in Iran. It suggests exploring the under-investigated possibilities between the pre-modern and modern paradigms to address the gap between native circumstances and Western standards.

The almond is one of the most important nut crops in many countries, including Iran. On the other hand, due to the difficult rooting in conventional propagation methods such as cuttings, its propagation has faced challenges. Therefore, this study was aimed at optimizing in vitro culture conditions for the promising 2-22 genotype as a high-yield and late-blooming cultivar. To this end, after collecting apical and lateral buds of 2-22 genotype, surface sterilization and establishment treatments were applied to explants. The second-order equation is selected for the central compound design (CCD) with two variables (HgCl2 and NaClO) to obtain a good fit in the sterilization treatment. The results showed that 1.8 % NaClO for 12 min + 0.1 % HgCl2 for 3 min and 1.5 % NaClO for 8 min with 81.25%, and 100% of healthy seedlings were the best treatment in contamination control and explant Viability, respectively. The experimental establishment was conducted as a factorial experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The establishment treatments indicated that the WPM medium was more effective than the MS medium and Knop medium. The hormonal composition of 1 mgL-1 BA + 0.05 mgL-1 IBA had the best results in the percentage of the establishment (72.25%), number of foliage (7.24), and shoot length (13.77 mm).

Introduction: Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is one of the most common causes of poisoning. Also, it is commonly used to attempt suicide. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is a therapeutic method that supports the function of the heart and lungs, giving body enough time for detoxification and organ function improvement; therefore, management of the problem using ECMO is critical in these patients and increases the survival chance. Moreover, the impact of COVID-19 on the treatment course during the COVID-19 pandemic and the patients' involvement and contact with the virus is a critical issue with unknown consequences. Case presentation: The patient was an 18-year-old girl who was hospitalized due to the poisoning aluminum phosphate. The ECMO was connected to the patient during CPR. Then, the patient was transported to a specialized healthcare facility. At the time of arrival, the EF (Ejection Fraction) was less than 5%. During the course of poisoning, the patient developed ARDS, fulminant hepatitis, massive gastrointestinal and vaginal bleeding, and septicemia. The ECMO was weaned on day 5 when the EF was reported 55%. In the following, the general and pulmonary conditions of the patient exacerbated when she was suspected of having COVID-19. The necessary therapeutic measures were done and finally, the patient was discharged after 45 days. Conclusion: ECMO is a useful therapeutic procedure in ALP poisoned patients. In case of careful management, it can be used in multiple organ involvement and prolonged PCR. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, it is very important to notice the chance of COVID-19 infection in ICU during treatment.

Efficacy of orally used of red yeast (Phaffia rhodozyma) (1.6 mg astaxanthin/g product) at 15.5 g (P1), 37.3 g (P2) and 47 (P3) g per kg diet were studied on performance, carcass composition, antioxidant activity and fillet pigmentation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 208–212 g for eight weeks at 11 °C. Synthetic astaxanthin (AX) (0.5 g/kg diet) and basal diet were used as controls. With an increase in P. rhodozyma concentration in diet, weight gain and specific growth rate exhibited an increase compared to basal diet (P 0.05). Water holding capacity and lipid loss in fillets of treatments were lower than fish fed basal diet (P

یهدف هذا البحث ذو المنهج الوصفي التحلیلي، والإحصائي للعناصر الروائیة الموجودة في روایة یوتوبیا، ویسعی من خلال تلك العناصر، إلی تبیین ما قام به الأدیب المصري، أحمد خالد توفیق، من طرحه أفکار والقضایا الاجتماعیة التي اجتاحت مجتمعه. استند الکاتب في بناء أجزاء روایته علی العناصر القصصیة، مثل الشخصیات (الأساسیة، الثانویة، الهامشیة)، التی تشکّل العنصر المهمّ في خدمة أهداف الکاتب في تبیین الفقر، والظلم، والتمایز الطبقي. استخدم تقنیة الحوار (الخارجي والداخلي)، الذي کان وجوده أعلی نسبة من بین العناصر الأخری، ولتناسق الأحداث استفاد من الحبکة (البدایة، والصراع، والقلق، والذروة، والنهایة)، وقد رتّبها وطوّرها بإتقان، إذ یتصل بعضها ببعض، وأیضًا استفاد من السرد، والوصف، والزمان والمکان، وجعل وصفها قریبًا جدًا إلی الواقع، معبرًا عن الصراع بین الطبقات، والکشف عن زیف الحکّام والمسؤولین في المجتمع المصري، وأبدع بسرد الروایة، فینتقل من السرد الخارجي والوصف إلی واقع الإنسان الداخلي بصدق وجرأة.

Stress-induced cardiomyopathy is a condition of acute myocardial suppression following an abrupt release of endogenous catecholamines after emotional or physical stress. The exact mechanism is unknown but there are reports of a similar clinical presentation after injection of exogenous catecholamines such as beta agonists. We report a rare type of stress-induced cardiomyopathy following injection of dobutamine during a diagnostic stress echocardiography. Stress-induced cardiomyopathy by dobutamine stress echocardiography is a rare entity and it should be included as a differential cause of regional wall motion abnormality during stress echocardiography. Physicians must be aware of this since treatment and follow up of these patients may differ from those for other patients and it may cause heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkali fusion with NaOH is the most commonly used method for the extraction of zirconium from zircon sand. In the alkali fusion process, the acid leaching step has a great influence on the zirconium recovery and purity of the final product. In this study, the Grey-Taguchi method was utilized to find the optimum conditions of the acid leaching process. In order to apply this method, acid type, acid concentration, leaching temperature, and liquid/solid ratio were selected as control factors with responses of zirconium recovery and R=Si/Zr ratio. The results demonstrated that the optimum condition for acid leaching requires 4 mol/L sulfuric acid with a liquid/solid ratio of 20 at 60 °C. Zirconium recovery and Si/Zr ratio (R) under these optimum conditions were 92.73% and 0.0018, respectively. Also, the silica content in the acid leaching solution was 30.94 ppm. The results of this research suggest facile, low price, and proper method comparing to the carbochlorination method for recovery of zirconium from zircon mineral.

مقدمه: این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه‌ی ماندگاری در انتقال سریالی پیوند (گرافت) چربی اتولوگ ذخیره شده در دمای فریز و چربی تازه در جوان‌سازی صورت انجام گرفت. روش‌ها: در یک مطالعه‌ی کارآزمایی بالینی، 60 بیمار داوطلب تزریق چربی در ناحیه‌ی نازولیبیال در دو گروه 30 نفره توزیع شدند. در گروه اول، چربی تازه از ناحیه‌ی داخلی ران برداشته شد و به مقدار 3 سی‌سی در دو طرف محل نازولیبیال تزریق شد. در 4-3 جلسه‌ی پی‌گیری با فواصل 4-3 هفته، تزریقات بعدی به همین ترتیب صورت گرفت. در گروه دوم، مقدار چربی مورد نیاز برای 4 جلسه تزریق از قسمت داخلی ران برداشته شد و 3 سی‌سی در اولین نوبت تزریق شد و مابقی چربی در دمای 20- درجه‌ی سانتی‌گراد فریز شد و در طی نوبت‌‌های بعدی، پس از یخ‌زدایی در محل نازولیبیال تزریق شد. میزان ماندگاری بافت چربی در 3، 6، 9، 12 و 15 ماه بعد از تزریق در دو گروه تعیین و مقایسه گردید. یافته‌ها: مقایسه‌ی تغییرات نمره‌ی ارزیابی چروک‌های صورت (Modified Fitzpatrick wrinkle scale یا MFWS) در قبل از عمل و ماه‌های 3، 6، 9، 12 و 15 بعد از عمل، تفاوت معنی‌داری را بین دو گروه نشان نداد (37/0 = P). درصد کلی کاهش بافت چربی در طی 15 ماه بعد از تزریق در گروه تحت تزریق چربی تازه 13/0 ± 59/0 و در گروه تحت تزریق چربی فریز شده 11/0 ± 61/0 درصد بود و تفاوت معنی‌دار بین دو گروه دیده نشد (73/0 = P). نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به این که ماندگاری بافت چربی در دو روش تزریق چربی تازه و فریز تفاوت ندارد، به نظر می‌رسد استفاده از چربی فریز شده به علت یک بار برداشت چربی و هزینه‌های پایین‌تر عمل، برای جوان‌سازی پوست ارجح باشد.

Nasim Montazeri Ghahjaverestan,1,2 Sina Akbarian,1,2 Maziar Hafezi,1,2 Shumit Saha,1,2 Kaiyin Zhu,1 Bojan Gavrilovic,1 Babak Taati,1– 3,* Azadeh Yadollahi1,2,* 1Kite - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; 2Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; 3Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Azadeh YadollahiKite - Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Room 12-106, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, CanadaTel +1 416 597 3422 Ext 7936Fax +1 416 597 8959Email Azadeh.Yadollahi@uhn.caPurpose: The current gold standard to detect sleep/wakefulness is based on electroencephalogram, which is inconvenient if included in portable sleep screening devices. Therefore, a challenge in the portable devices is sleeping time estimation. Without sleeping time, sleep parameters such as apnea/hypopnea index (AHI), an index for quantifying sleep apnea severity, can be underestimated. Recent studies have used tracheal sounds and movements for sleep screening and calculating AHI without considering sleeping time. In this study, we investigated the detection of sleep/wakefulness states and estimation of sleep parameters using tracheal sounds and movements.Materials and Methods: Participants with suspected sleep apnea who were referred for sleep screening were included in this study. Simultaneously with polysomnography, tracheal sounds and movements were recorded with a small wearable device, called the Patch, attached over the trachea. Each 30-second epoch of tracheal data was scored as sleep or wakefulness using an automatic classification algorithm. The performance of the algorithm was compared to the sleep/wakefulness scored blindly based on the polysomnography.Results: Eighty-eight subjects were included in this study. The accuracy of sleep/wakefulness detection was 82.3± 8.66% with a sensitivity of 87.8± 10.8 % (sleep), specificity of 71.4± 18.5% (awake), F1 of 88.1± 9.3% and Cohen’s kappa of 0.54. The correlations between the estimated and polysomnography-based measures for total sleep time and sleep efficiency were 0.78 (p< 0.001) and 0.70 (p< 0.001), respectively.Conclusion: Sleep/wakefulness periods can be detected using tracheal sound and movements. The results of this study combined with our previous studies on screening sleep apnea with tracheal sounds provide strong evidence that respiratory sounds analysis can be used to develop robust, convenient and cost-effective portable devices for sleep apnea monitoring.Keywords: sleep apnea, apnea/hypopnea index, principal component analysis, classification, imbalanced data

Objectives Machine learning has been widely used to predict diseases, and it is used to derive impressive knowledge in the healthcare domain. Our objective was to predict in-hospital mortality from hospital-acquired infections in trauma patients on an unbalanced dataset. Methods Our study was a cross-sectional analysis on trauma patients with hospital-acquired infections who were admitted to Shiraz Trauma Hospital from March 20, 2017, to March 21, 2018. The study data was obtained from the surveillance hospital infection database. The data included sex, age, mechanism of injury, body region injured, severity score, type of intervention, infection day after admission, and microorganism causes of infections. We developed our mortality prediction model by random under-sampling, random over-sampling, clustering (k-mean)-C5.0, SMOTE-C5.0, ADASYN-C5.5, SMOTE-SVM, ADASYN-SVM, SMOTE-ANN, and ADASYN-ANN among hospital-acquired infections in trauma patients. All mortality predictions were conducted by IBM SPSS Modeler 18. Results We studied 549 individuals with hospital-acquired infections in a trauma hospital in Shiraz during 2017 and 2018. Prediction accuracy before balancing of the dataset was 86.16%. In contrast, the prediction accuracy for the balanced dataset achieved by random under-sampling, random over-sampling, clustering (k-mean)-C5.0, SMOTE-C5.0, ADASYN-C5.5, and SMOTE-SVM was 70.69%, 94.74%, 93.02%, 93.66%, 90.93%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that cleaning an unbalanced dataset increases the accuracy of the classification model. Also, predicting mortality by a clustered under-sampling approach was more precise in comparison to random under-sampling and random over-sampling methods.

The entrepreneurship process begins with identifying opportunities. Understanding the process of identifying future opportunities with the help of foresight is especially important for IT businesses. The sequential exploratory mixed method research (quantitative-qualitative) took place. The first part of the research is a systematic review of articles related to identifying opportunities and interviewing entrepreneurship and futures studies experts. Opportunity identification steps use 17 methods in three dimensions: perception, prediction, and expansion. Then, by using the SPSS24 software and analyzing the collected questionnaires, the dimensions of the framework were confirmed. The results of factor analysis revealed that the steps of foresight (input-analysis-output) are equal to the steps of opportunity identification. Finally, using the first phase of the framework (environmental analysis), they were initially identified by rating the reports on digital health technology trends for the military and their main ones were ranked so the three trends in telemedicine, patient-centered care and wearable technologies will be the most important trends over the next five years.

In recent decades, design thinking as a new approach to problem solving and innovation has attracted the attention of many researchers in different fields. Many organizations and individuals today are taking advantage of design thinking as they seek to use the skills and processes of designers to come up with solutions to complex problems or create processes that optimize results and improve conditions. However, there is no consensus in the field of research on the basic features, applications, and definitions of design thinking. To elucidate the knowledge of this field and conceptualize design thinking and its role as cognitive constructs in the entrepreneurial literature, this research has comprehensively reviewed 106 conceptual and empirical studies of a total of 2037 articles from 1985 to 2019. This study is a descriptive and systematic literature review. Identification of different conceptualizations of design thinking, tools for designing thinking, models discussed in this field, and its relation to entrepreneurship are the results of this study.