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BackgroundMultiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) improves detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa), but the subjective Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) system and quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) are inconsistent. Restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) is an advanced diffusion-weighted MRI technique that yields a quantitative imaging biomarker for csPCa called the RSI restriction score (RSIrs).ObjectiveTo evaluate RSIrs for automated patient-level detection of csPCa.Design setting and participantsWe retrospectively studied all patients (n=151) who underwent 3 T mpMRI and RSI (a 2-min sequence on a clinical scanner) for suspected prostate cancer at University of California San Diego during 2017-2019 and had prostate biopsy within 180 d of MRI.InterventionWe calculated the maximum RSIrs and minimum ADC within the prostate, and obtained PI-RADS v2.1 from medical records.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisWe compared the performance of RSIrs, ADC, and PI-RADS for the detection of csPCa (grade group ≥2) on the best available histopathology (biopsy or prostatectomy) using the area under the curve (AUC) with two-tailed α=0.05. We also explored whether the combination of PI-RADS and RSIrs might be superior to PI-RADS alone and performed subset analyses within the peripheral and transition zones.Results and limitationsAUC values for ADC, RSIrs, and PI-RADS were 0.48 (95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.58), 0.78 (0.70, 0.85), and 0.77 (0.70, 0.84), respectively. RSIrs and PI-RADS were each superior to ADC for patient-level detection of csPCa (p&nbsp

Over the past 30 years, numerous neuroscientific studies involving both human and rodent subjects have investigated the brain regions and networks supporting path integration and sought to identify the underlying neural mechanisms. Although these studies contributed to an increased understanding of path integration, a full picture of the brain mechanisms supporting path integration remains wanting. Hence, the current review was conducted with the aim of presenting an overview of the most notable neuroscientific studies on visual path integration in humans, identifying the commonalities and discrepancies in their findings, and introducing fresh ideas for future research. Specifically, this review focused on studies performed with virtual simulations of the triangle/path completion task and addressed whether or not the hippocampal formation is necessary for human path integration. Based on findings that supported and contradicted the involvement of the hippocampal formation in path integration, it was proposed that the use of different path integration strategies may determine the extent to which the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex are engaged during human path integration. To this end, recent studies investigating the impact of different path integration strategies on behavioral performance and functional brain activity were discussed. Methodological concerns were raised with feasible recommendations for improving the experimental design of future strategy-focused human path integration studies, which can cover cognitive neuroscience research on age-related differences in the role of the hippocampal formation in path integration and Bayesian modeling of the interaction between landmark and self-motion cues. The practical value of investigating different path integration strategies was also discussed briefly from a biomedical perspective. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

BackgroundIn a recent phase III randomized control trial (FLAME), delivering a focal radiotherapy (RT) boost to tumors visible on MRI was shown to improve outcomes for prostate cancer patients without increasing toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess how widely this technique is being applied in current practices as well as physicians’ perceived barriers toward its implementation.MethodsAn online survey assessing the use of intraprostatic focal boost was conducted on RedCAP in December 2022. The survey link was distributed to radiation oncologists worldwide via email list, group text platform, and social media.ResultsThe survey collected 205 responses from various countries over a two-week period. The majority of respondents worked at an academic medical center (59%) and considered their practice to be at least partially genitourinary (GU)-subspecialized (81%). 51% of participants reported not routinely using intraprostatic focal boost. Even among complete subspecialists, a substantial proportion (38%) do not routinely use focal boost. Less than half of participants in both high-income and low-to-middle-income countries were shown to routinely use focal boost. The most commonly cited barriers overall were challenges to accessing high-quality MRI, concerns about registration accuracy between MRI and CT, and concerns about risk of additional toxicity.ConclusionDespite the promising level 1 results of the FLAME trial, there is substantial evidence that most radiation oncologists are not routinely offering focal RT boost. Adoption of this technique might be accelerated by increased access to high-quality MRI, better registration algorithms of MRI to CT simulation images, physician education on benefit-to-harm ratio, and physician training on contouring prostate lesions on MRI.

A psychological experiment was conducted to explore the relationship between design features of physical controllers and perceived multiple meanings or possible operations by users. In particular, we focused on affordances and informatives, two semantic clues derived from product semantics, to find out how these clues affect users’ perceptions. The results indicated that both desired shapes, text, and icon could encourage and discourage the perception of specific operations. Those empirical data could be useful for product designers in communicating effectively with users through their products.

To assess value of placental vascularization indices (PVIs) for predicting preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) in different stages of pregnancy in high-risk women.PVIs derived from 3-dimensional power doppler(3DPD) imaging were measured at seven stages of pregnancy: 11-13Adverse outcomes occurred in 10.9% of pregnancies. Statistical differences appeared in 32-36VI and VFI were valuable for predicting PE and FGR at the 32-36

Aging is a global phenomenon, with the world's population getting older as a whole. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of people aged 60 years and older is expected to double by 2050, and by 2100, it is projected to triple (WHO, 2022). This trend is also reflected in the demographics of Singapore. Which has seen a steady increase in the proportion of older adults in its population over the past few decades. If this aging trend continues, a quarter of Singapore citizens is expected to be 65 years and older by the year 2050 (Malhotra et al., 2019). A major inconvenience that comes with normal biological aging relates to the noticeable declines in spatial navigation in the general subpopulation of older adults aged 60 years and older. Spatial navigation, by definition, refers to one’s innate ability to navigate and find destinations in his/her everyday physical environments. Over the past decade, a series of important research studies by Zhong (me) and colleagues provided some rigorous and reliable findings showing that spatial navigation abilities decline with increasing age, impairing cognitive functions that are crucial for daily living, such as attention, executive functioning, fluid intelligence, long-term and working memories (Mollusky…Zhong, Magnusson, 2023; Reynolds, Zhong, et al., 2019; Zhong et al., 2017; Zhong & Moffat, 2016, 2018). For many years, I have stressed the importance of understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms subserving these age-related declines in spatial navigation out of my personal convictions that such an understanding can engender significant applied implications for older adults' well-being and quality of life (Mollusky et al., 2023; Zhong, 2022; Zhong & Moffat, 2018). Thence, in this proposal, I argue for the urgency of designing strategic training or intervention methods to attenuate declines in spatial navigation among the elderly, an effort which I hope can bring about significant improvements in older adults' overall independence of movement and psychological well-being (see also Zhong, 2022, for a detailed discussion). [COPYRIGHT CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, J. Y. ZHONG 2023]

Purpose Blockchain as a disruptive technology has revolutionized many industries, such as finance, logistics and manufacturing sectors. This paper aims to explore Blockchain applications in construction to effectively manage project workflows and uplift construction efficiency. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with various stakeholders from a public infrastructure project to analyze Blockchain applications in the construction industry. Eleven key construction workflows are selected to identify and discover the necessity and significance of Blockchain applications in the construction industry. They are related to construction program, daily operations and payment. Based on workflow analysis, several issues are discussed to design a development roadmap of Blockchain in the construction industry. Findings The findings show Blockchain can improve construction efficiency, reduce paper-based manual operation and address the fragmentation and communication issue. However, the development of Blockchain in the construction industry is still impeded by some challenges. Traditional work modes might be existing even though Blockchain-enabled systems are introduced, which may increase the workload of construction practitioners. Thus, a feasible and practical development roadmap is proposed to instruct implementation of Blockchain in construction. Originality/value This research systematically analyzes the development of Blockchain in the construction industry from several existing workflows, based on a real-life case study. Several considerations are given to provide referential value for applying Blockchain in the construction industry, including opportunities and challenges, cost–benefit analysis, obstacles and possible solutions, as well as development strategies with a prototype system.

ObjectivesDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) of the musculoskeletal system has various applications, including visualization of bone tumors. However, DWI acquired with echo-planar imaging is susceptible to distortions due to static magnetic field inhomogeneities. This study aimed to estimate spatial displacements of bone and to examine whether distortion corrected DWI images more accurately reflect underlying anatomy.MethodsWhole-body MRI data from 127 prostate cancer patients were analyzed. The reverse polarity gradient (RPG) technique was applied to DWI data to estimate voxel-level distortions and to produce a distortion corrected DWI dataset. First, an anatomic landmark analysis was conducted, in which corresponding vertebral landmarks on DWI and anatomic T2-weighted images were annotated. Changes in distance between DWI- and T2-defined landmarks (i.e., changes in error) after distortion correction were calculated. In secondary analyses, distortion estimates from RPG were used to assess spatial displacements of bone metastases. Lastly, changes in mutual information between DWI and T2-weighted images of bone metastases after distortion correction were calculated.ResultsDistortion correction reduced anatomic error of vertebral DWI up to 29 mm. Error reductions were consistent across subjects (Wilcoxon signed-rank p−20). On average (±SD), participants’ largest error reduction was 11.8 mm (±3.6). Mean (95% CI) displacement of bone lesions was 6.0 mm (95% CI: 5.1-7.0); maximum displacement was 17.1 mm. Corrected diffusion images were more similar to structural MRI, as evidenced by consistent increases in mutual information (Wilcoxon signed-rank p−12).DiscussionThese findings support the use of distortion correction techniques to improve localization of bone on DWI.Key Points-Diffusion weighted images of bone tissue undergo substantial spatial distortions when acquired with echo-planar imaging.-These distortions can be efficiently corrected with the reverse polarity gradient technique to generate diffusion images that more accurately reflect underlying anatomy.-In the context of bone tumor imaging where precise localization may be required, distortion correction techniques, such as reverse polarity gradient, should be applied.