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The incidence and mortality of HCC in China account for approximately 50% of all cases worldwide. Low early diagnosis rate and high postoperative recurrence rate are two major causes for poor 5-year survival rate of HCC patients in China. At present, multiple problems such as low performance and compliance of screening technology and lack of effective markers for predicting postoperative recurrence, remain to be resolved. Due to the simplicity and accuracy, new molecular markers, such as liquid biopsy, are expected to serve as supplementary tools to traditional screening and early warning approaches, thereby realizing early detection and accurate treatment of HCC. In this article, research progress upon the clinical application of liquid biopsy in early screening and prediction of postoperative recurrence of HCC was reviewed, and prospects the future research.中国肝细胞癌（HCC）发病及死亡人数约占全球50%。HCC早期诊断率低及术后复发率高是我国HCC患者5年生存率欠佳的两大原因。当前存在筛查技术性能及依从性较低、缺乏有效预测术后复发标志物等问题。液体活检等新型分子标志物因其简便、精准等特点，有望成为传统筛查预警方法的有益补充，实现HCC的早期发现及精准治疗。现就液体活检在HCC早筛及治疗后复发预测中的临床转化应用进行论述，并对未来研究进行展望。.

This study was conducted to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a flat plate located between two symmetrical cylinders. Flow visualization experiments were conducted based on ...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severely impacts physical and mental health of COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate COVID-19 patient narratives to reveal how their lived experiences of COVID-19 infection and quarantine shape their mental health. In-depth semi-structural interviews were conducted with 5 COVID-19 patients from Wuhan to elicit their lived experiences of COVID-19. The case reports showed that persons diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and admitted to the COVID ward developed the symptoms of anxiety, worry, low mood, frustration, irritability, stigma, distress, guilt, and loneliness. Lack of scientific information, long-term social isolation, and limited social support were the main risk factors leading to their mental health problems. The study sug-gests that timely diagnosis of patients’ mental health problems and diverse psychological interventions are needed before, during, and after their hospitalization.

To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and identify the risk factors ofA cross-sectional study was performed for questionnaire surveys among colorectal cancer patients in Henan Cancer Hospital during the period from March to July, 2021. Patients' stool samples were collected, and the triosephosphate isomerase (A total of 307 colorectal cancer patients were investigated, including 176 males (57.3%) and 131 females (42.7%). PCR assay detected 8.1% [95% confidential interval (The prevalence of

The correlated f-electron compound URu2Si2 exhibits superconductivity (SC) with a critical temperature Tc = 1.5 K that coexists with the “hidden order” (HO) phase that forms below a characteristic temperature T0 = 17.5 K. The SC of URu2Si2 appears to be spin singlet chiral SC with d-wave order parameter symmetry, and the pairing of SCing electrons may involve spin excitations of the HO phase. Electrical resistance R measurements were performed on single crystal specimens of URu2−xFexSi2 with increasing x throughout the transition from the HO phase to the large moment antiferromagnetic LMAFM phase in high magnetic fields H oriented at various angles θ with respect to the tetragonal c-axis. Measurements of R(θ) at H = 20, 33, 40, and 45 T were conducted in the temperature range 0.33 ≤ T ≤ 20 K and showed θ-dependent behavior in the various phase transitions of URu2−xFexSi2 (HO, LMAFM, spin density wave, Fermi surface reconstruction, etc.). These phase transitions, as functions of T, H, and θ are plotted in a phase diagram of T vs. H//c = Hcosθ for multiple values of x and show that H//c, not θ is a tuning parameter of the URu2−xFexSi2 system throughout all Fe concentrations, as previously found by Scheereret al. for the URu2Si2 parent compound.

Deep generative models with a specific variational autoencoding structure are capable of estimating parameters for the multidimensional logistic 2-parameter (ML2P) model in item response theory. In this work, we incorporated Q-matrix and variational autoencoder (VAE) to estimate item parameters with correlated and independent latent abilities, and we validate Q-matrix via the root mean square error (RMSE), bias, correlation, and AIC and BIC test score. The incorporation of a non-identity covariance matrix in a VAE requires a novel VAE architecture, which can be utilized in applications outside of education such as players performance evaluation, clinical trials assessment. Moreover, results show that the ML2P-VAE method is capable of estimating parameters and validating Q-matrix for models with a large number of latent variables with low computational cost, whereas traditional methods are infeasible for data with high-dimensional latent traits.

This study explored the first-person lived experiences of 2 nurses and 2 doctors combating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. The in-depth interviews indicated that frontline healthcare professionals were at high risk of developing symptoms of fear, anxiety, depression, stress, loneliness, and burnout. The fear of being infected and the heavy workload in the isolation ward are the main risk factors for frontline health workers' psychological problems. Comprehensive assistance and social support must be provided in order to resolve their mental health issues.

Aims The vertical distribution of plant roots is a comprehensive result of plant adaptation to the environment. Limited knowledge on fine vertical root distributions and complex interactions between roots and environmental variables hinders our ability to reliably predict climatic impacts on vegetation dynamics. This study attempts to understand the drought adaptability of plants in arid areas from the perspective of the relationship between vertical root distribution and surroundings. Methods By analyzing root profiles compiled from published studies, the root vertical profiles of two typical phreatophytes, Tamarix ramosissima and Populus euphratica, and their relationships with environmental factors were investigated. A conceptual model was adopted to link the parameter distribution frequency with plant drought adaptability. Important Findings The strong hydrotropism (groundwater-dependent) and flexible water-use strategy of T. ramosissima and P. euphratica help both species survive in hyperarid climates. The differences in the developmental environments between T. ramosissima and P. euphratica can be explained well by the different distribution characteristics of root profiles. That is, higher root plasticity helps T. ramosissima develop a more efficient water-use strategy and therefore survive in more diverse climatic and soil conditions than P. euphratica. We conclude that the higher variation in root profile characteristics of phreatophytes can have greater root adaptability to the surroundings and thus wider hydrological niches and stronger ecological resilience. The inadequacy of models in describing root plasticity limits the accuracy of predicting the future response of vegetation to climate change, which calls for developing process-based dynamic root schemes in Earth system models.

Lymphadenectomy, as one of the controversial foci in clinic, is an extremely important part of radical surgery for gastric cancer. So far, the preliminary consensus has been reached on the scope and number of lymph node dissection, based on the etiological mechanism, disease progression, diagnosis and treatment prognosis of gastric cancer. At present, some clinical issues of lymphadenectomy in curative gastrectomy are still need to be addressed. Firstly, standardized procedure in lymph node dissection for gastric cancer is a prerequisite to decrease the incidence of postoperative complications and to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Furthermore, the plausible treatment strategy in perioperative phase is also deemed as the other key method to offer a benefit of survival rate for advanced stage patients after lymphadenectomy. Last but not least, the technologies for enhancement the prediction accuracy of lymph node metastasis preoperatively or intraoperatively should be worthy in-depth study.淋巴结清扫是胃癌根治性手术中极其重要的操作步骤，也是临床富有争议的焦点之一。目前，依据胃癌的病因机制、病程演进和诊治转归，对于淋巴结清扫的范围和数目已经达成初步的共识，但现阶段在胃癌淋巴结清扫中仍然存有不少需要解决的临床问题。规范化的手术操作是降低淋巴结清扫后并发症发生率和改善患者预后的必要前提，围手术期合理治疗策略的实施则是进一步提高进展期患者淋巴结清扫后生存率的重要方式，增强淋巴结转移的术前和术中检测准确性则仍需要继续深入的研究。.

The COVID-19 pandemic is yet another reminder that the threat of infectious disease has never really gone away. As the cornerstone of preventing and controlling infectious diseases, effective surveillance and early warning are of great significance in understanding the outbreak and epidemic of specific infectious diseases and putting forward effective prevention and control measures. Therefore, we must continue strengthening the construction of infectious disease surveillance and early warning system. We reviewed the surveillance and early warning practices of infectious diseases in major countries and regions, then discussed the development direction in the field of surveillance and early warning of infectious diseases to provide the reference for strengthening the construction and capacity of infectious disease surveillance and early warning system in China.新型冠状病毒肺炎大流行再次警示人们，传染病威胁从未真正远去。有效的监测预警作为传染病防控的基石，对全面准确地认识特定传染病暴发流行、提出科学有效的防控策略和措施具有重要意义，因此须持续加强传染病监测预警体系建设。本文对世界主要国家和地区的传染病监测预警实践进行综述，探讨了传染病监测预警领域的发展方向，为进一步加强我国传染病监测预警体系建设与能力提升提供参考。.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness and feasibility of dexamethasone combined with oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel on the prevention of postoperative sore throat after nasal endoscopy. METHODS: In the study, 60 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical statuses Ⅰ to Ⅱ, aged 18 to 72 years, scheduled for elective nasal endoscope surgery under general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation were randomly divided into dexamethasone combined with oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel group (G group, n=30) and control group (C group, n=30). The patients in the G group received dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg before induction and the oxybuprocaine gel was applied to the endotracheal catheter cuff and the front end within 15 cm. The patients in the C group received the same dose of saline and the saline was applied to the endotracheal catheter cuff and the front end within 15 cm. Then, all the patients in the two groups received the same induction and anesthesia maintainance. The operation time, anesthesia time, emergence time, extubation time and departure time were recorded. The intraoperative infusion volume, blood loss volume, propofol, remifentanil, rocuronium dosage were also recorded. The adverse reactions such as intraoperative hypotension, bradycardia and postoperative agitation were recorded. The postoperative sore throat score was recorded at the end of operation and 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h after operation. RESULTS: Compared with the C group, the emergence time [(8.4±3.9) min vs. (10.8±4.7) min], extubation time [(8.8±3.7) min vs. (11.9±4.8) min], and departure time [(20.0±5.3) min vs. (23.0±5.8) min] were significantly shorter, and the propofol dosage [(11.8±1.8) mg/kg vs. (15.9±4.6) mg/kg], remifentanil dosage [(10.9±4.7) μg/kg vs. (14.1±3.6) μg/kg] were significantly less in the G group, and there was no difference of rocuronium dosage in the two groups. Compared with the C group the incidence of intraoperative hypotension [10%(3/30) vs. 30%(9/30)], bradycardia [16.7%(5/30) vs. 20%(6/30)] and postoperative agitation [6.7%(2/30) vs. 23.3%(7/30)] were significantly lower in the C group. The postoperative sore throat score at the end of operation, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after operation in the G group were significantly lower than in the C group respectively [0 (0, 1) vs. 1 (1, 2), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (1, 2), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (1, 2), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (0.75, 1), 0 (0, 0) vs. 1 (0, 1)]. CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone combined with oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel was effective and feasible on the prevention of postoperative sore throat after nasal endoscopy.

Pressure sensor used in marine hydrographic survey is an important device for the deep sea detection, the tsunami forecast and the marine engineering. Owing to its mature technology process and low...

This paper aims to study structural differences and anti-erodibility properties of purple and loess soils in hilly terrains of southern and northern China. Yoder’s method and Le Bissonnais method were used to determine the distribution of soil particle sizes, mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD). The sequences of water-stable aggregates in different sizes were as follows: On one hand, the sequence of purple soil aggregates was W2-5mm>W0.25-0.5mm>W0.5-1mm>W0-0.053mm>W0.053- 0.25mm>W1-2mm>W>5mm. On the other hand, the sequence of the loess soil was W0-0.053mm>W0.053- 0.5mm>W0.25-0.5mm>W0.5-1mm>W2-5mm>W1-2mm>W>5mm. Three LB treatments were carried out and the results were as follows: MWD and GMD of soil aggregates in the loess soil presented the trend of slow wetting (SW)>wetting stirring (WS)>fast wetting (FW), while those in the purple soil were WS>SW>FW. Under SW treatment, purple soil had higher erodibility factor (K) than loess soil, close to the result of Yoder’s method. Yet under WS and FW treatments, K values of purple soil were much lower than that of loess soil (P