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We have detected very intense bursts of terahertz synchrotron radiation at the UVSOR-II electron storage ring operated in single bunch mode. The bursts were observed in the wavelength range from 0.2 to 3.0 mm by using a liquid-helium-cooled InSb hot-electron bolometer. The typical duration and interval of the bursts were about 200 µs and 10–15 ms, respectively. Each burst shows the quasi-periodic structure of about 30 µs. The peak intensity of the bursts was about 10000 times larger than that of ordinary synchrotron radiation in the same wavelength region. The extremely high intensity strongly suggests that the bursts are coherent synchrotron radiation, although the radiation wavelength was much shorter than the electron bunch length.

GaAs–GaAsP and InGaAs–AlGaAs strained-layer superlattice photocathodes are presented as emission sources for highly polarized electron beams. The GaAs–GaAsP cathode achieved a maximum polarization of 92(±6)% with a quantum efficiency of 0.5%, while the InGaAs–AlGaAs cathode provides a higher quantum efficiency (0.7%) but a lower polarization [77(±5)%]. Criteria for achieving high polarization using superlattice photocathodes are discussed based on experimental spin-resolved quantum efficiency spectra.

A vertical betatron tune shift depending on beam current under multibunch condition was observed in the UVSOR electron storage ring. Vertical tune increased as beam current decreased, and the slope of the tune shift depended on the condition of the vacuum in the ring. Such a change in vertical tune was explained by a change in the stability condition of trapped ions with beam current. The experimental results were discussed with analytic and tracking calculations.

Counting efficiencies of individual Teflon vials used in low-level tritium measurement by a liquid scintillation counter were investigated. The efficiency observed was fairly varied among vials in spite of being prepared in the same way. And the plots of the efficiency vs the external standard ratio give a straight line. More detailed investigation showed that this vial quenching and chemical quenching are simultaneously corrected by an external standard ratio. On the basis of the above results an appropriate background subtraction method is proposed.

The cells treated with cadmium chloride showed severe changes: ribosomes disappeared, mitochondria showed various degrees of destruction, and the endoplasmic reticulum had a swollen and beadlike appearance. In cells treated with mercuric chloride, ribosomes increased in their density and rosette-like polysomes were predominantly observed. The effects of these two metallic ions were discussed.

The plasma lipoproteins of a 1-year-old Japanese infant were studied because of malnutrition, severe decrease in plasma lipid level, and acanthocytosis. Plasma lipoprotein analysis revealed that low-density lipoproteins were deficient; however, low levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins were found in the plasma. On sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis, apoprotein B-48 and a faint band corresponding to apoprotein B-100 were detected in the lipoprotein fraction of density < 1.006 g/mL when the infant was 6 months old. Apoprotein B-48 was more clearly detected after 1 year, but the band corresponding to apoprotein B-100 on the sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis had disappeared. The apoprotein B-48 content of the fraction with density < 1.006 g/mL was about 0.05 to 0.3 mg/dL. The patient's lipoproteins consisted mainly of high-density lipoproteins. These results suggest that the disorder in this patient is caused by apoprotein B-100 deficiency.

A description is given of an easy-to-use computer music system using a personal computer, which can transcribe a song into a music score and generate accompaniment to match the melody. The system consists of a 16 bit personal computer, an A/D (analog to digital) converter, a digital signal processor, a microphone, and a music synthesizer. The sounds of a song being sung or hummed are analyzed for pitch and strength. Then, the melody of the song is extracted using the computer's preprogrammed musical knowledge. After the transcription is completed, a chord progression is determined automatically and three-part accompaniment is generated on the rhythm pattern selected interactively. The melody and generated accompaniment are played together by musical synthesizer. >

Beginning in 1955 a C14dating apparatus was constructed at this University for the purpose of measuring the specific activity of tree rings selected from a specimen of Sequoia wood having 3000 growth rings (Dorn, 1958). The original purpose was to obtain a measure of the half life of C14by essentially the inverse of C14dating. For various reasons the project was not completed, and for about a year the apparatus stood idle for lack of financial support. This latter deficiency has now been rectified, at least temporarily, and research with the apparatus has been resumed. Fabrication of a second, 1 L counter is nearing completion.

Fan nozzle による微粒化実験から, 液膜の分裂距離と波長の分布を測定し, それらが生成される液滴の粒径分布にいかなる影響を与えるかを, 二つの微粒化モデルと対比して考察した結果, 粒径分布の分散は液膜の分裂距離, 波長の分布によるのではなく, むしろ液膜の分裂後の微粒化過程にあると考えられる。なお, 液膜の分裂距離の分布は正規分布, 波長の分布は対数正規分布を示すことがわかった。

本實驗は主として,インヂェクターの効率を調べた.そのために,ディフューザーの徑,ノッズル及びディフューザーの距離をいろいろと變えてみた.その結果より適當なるインヂェクターの設計方法を工學的考察により,確立せんとした.大体滿足なる成果を得たが,その結果を示すと次の通りである.ここに於て e:ノッズル徑對ディフューザー徑の比の自乘.μ:吸込量/送入量.α:|混合室ゲージ壓|/送入ゲージ壓.m:ノッズル及びディフュザーの距離に關する補正項.

Measurements of the heat-transfer coefficient from a sphere to rarefied gas mixtures have been made over a range of Knudsen number, Kn, of 0.008–0.4 by utilizing a thermistor. The experimental results on the relation of Nu to Kn and αmix were in good agreement with our analytical equation Nu = 2 1 + 15 2 α mix −1 . Kn where Nu = hD λ mix , Nusselt number; Kn = 85.89 μ mix Dp T M , Knudsen number ; α mix = ∑ i=1 n x i α i (M i ) ∑ i=1 n x i (M i ) , accomodation coefficient ; μ mix = ∑ i=1 n x i μ i ∑ j=1 n x j φ ij , la viscosit e ; λ mix = ∑ i=1 n x i λ i ∑ j=1 n x j φ ij , la conductivitviscosit e e ; φ ij = 1 8 1 + M i M j − 1 2 1 + μ i μ j 1 2 M j M i 1 4 2 .

A method of calculating the maximum performance of jet pumps or ejectors is presented by eqs. (26), (27) and (28) or (29). These equations have been introduced by a one-dimensional analysis which contains some assumptions; namely, ideal gas law can be applied to primary and secondary gases, the mixing process of both the gases follows eq. (13), the flow is adiabatic to the outside of the ejector, and both the friction loss factor, ζ, and the ratio of specific heats, γ, are constant.Eq. (28) is to be used for the design of jet pumps, and eq. (29) for ejectors.Several diagrams, Fig. 2-12, are drawn for the designers' convenience. The calculations would be simplified by using these diagrams.The comparisons between the calculation results and the experimental data have been made with some examples. Fairly good agreements are recognized as shown in Figs. 13, 14, 15.

A simple apparatus is described whereby any quantity of CO2 up to several moles can be converted to methane in one step by catalytic hydrogenation using a ruthenium catalyst. The conversion is very rapid, the entire operation being carried out in about 3 hours. The over‐all yield is greater than 98%, and the methane is of high purity.

Die Titelverbindung (VIa) kann, wie im Formelschema gezeigt, sowohl ausgehend von dem Phthalid (I) als auch von dem Chroman (V) durch Reaktion mit dem Hydrazin (II) synthetisiert werden.

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) has been implicated as the causative agent in variant angina, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death and stroke. In order to verify experimentally such hypothesis, the TXA2-mixture was produced by washed rabbit or human platelets stimulated by thrombin (3U for 1.2 × 109 platelets) and the dose of TXA2 was measured by rabbit aortic strips.The intracoronary (by our aortic balloon technique) or intracarotid injection of TXA2-mixture successfully produced variant angina-like response, fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction resp. in 102 rabbits. The responses were recorded by a movie, polygraphic method including ECG, EEG and histological technique. The effective doses ranged from 1~2 μg of TXA2 in terms of angiotensin II for the intracoronary and 3 to 6 μg for the intracarotid injection resp. The mixture, kept at 37°C for 5 min, lost TXA2 and remained without effect, despite the presence of other vasocontrictors, showing the leading role of TXA2 for the occlusion of arterioles. The variant angina-like response, myocardial infarction and stroke were statistically significantly prevented by pretreatment of rabbits with therapeutic doses (0.1~1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) of EG626, an orally available potent TXA2-antagonistic and cAMPPDE-inhibiting substance, among drugs tested. The occlusion of arterioles by TXA2 by its time-matched vasoconstrictive activities after production of platelets aggregates as the plug was prevented by EG626 by reducing the grade of vasocontriction and platelet aggregation resulting into sliping away of the aggregates and the maintenance of the blood flow. Such facts may show the importance of EG626-type drugs in prevention of heart attacks and stroke as evidenced by its preliminary clinical results.

A new simple photoresist process for contrast enhancement of pattern profiles was published in 1987's SPIE symposium. This process, which is called REL (Resolution Enhanced Lithography), consists of conventional novolak positive photoresist process steps and a deep UV flood exposure step between image exposure and development. The effect of REL process is caused by the reduction of the solubility rate in alkaline developer in the exposed areas. In this paper, we describe the influence of the flood exposure light wavelength on profiles of photoresist and a chemical formation reaction of the insoluble layer in alkaline developer. In the experiments, three types of light sources were used which had maximum intensities at wavelengths of 254nm, 313nm, and 365nm, respectively. The resist profiles depend on the wavelength of the deep UV flood exposure light. A good resist profile with rectangular cross section was obtained with the 365nm light source. In this case, the flood exposure light reaches the internal region of the resist and the dissolution rate reduction occurs not only at the surface but also in the bulk of the resist. The chemical formation reaction of insoluble layer in alkaline developer was studied, using Differential Scanning Chromatography (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). From the results of these analyses, it is concluded that the formation of the insoluble layer results from the esterification reaction under the deep UV flood exposure between novolak resin and unphotoreacted PAC in the exposed areas.

EG626 (oxagrelate), a specific inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, produced in vitro a concentration-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by collagen and ADP in human platelets. When adenosine was added to the platelet rich plasma (PRP) in the presence of a threshold concentration of EG626, the potency of adenosine in inhibiting platelet aggregation was markedly potentiated. This potentiating effect of EG626 proved to be synergistic, but not additive and was accompanied by a marked accumulation of cyclic AMP in the platelets. The antiaggregating and cyclic AMP increasing activities of adenosine were little affected by S-(p-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioguanosine (6TG), an uptake inhibitor of adenosine, or 2'-deoxycoformycin, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The incorporation of adenosine into platelets was abolished by 6TG. These observations indicate that incorporation of adenosine into platelets is not required for inhibition of aggregation or an increase in cyclic AMP and that the site of action of adenosine is probably extracellular. It also appears that the synergistic action by EG626 is not the result of an inhibition of adenosine uptake and/or adenosine deaminase. This speculation is supported in part by the finding that EG626 also potentiates the antiaggregating activity of 2-chloroadenosine. Antiaggregating activity of prostaglandin E1, an activator of adenylate cyclase, was markedly potentiated in combination with EG626. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP showed a time-dependent inhibition of the platelet aggregation, and the inhibitory action was markedly potentiated by EG626. Qualitatively similar results were obtained with another phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). All these data suggest that the synergistic potentiation of the antiaggregating activity of adenosine by EG626 might be due to the synergistic accumulation of cyclic AMP in the platelets. This action is mediated through activation of adenylate cyclase by adenosine in combination with the inhibition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase by EG626.

Effects of 7-ethoxycarbonyl-6,8-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1 (2H)-phthalazinone (EG626) on the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN), ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM), and sensory cortex were examined in cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose in comparison with the effects of morphine. EG626 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the polysynaptic components of the cortical field potentials upon VPM stimulation and either facilitatory or inhibitory effects on the polysynaptic components of the VPM field potential upon stimulation of the medial lemniscus, while the drug failed to affect the STN field potential with trigeminal nerve stimulation. Morphine inhibited the postsynaptic components of the STN field potentials and to a lesser extent, the polysynaptic components of the cortical field potential; and the effects of morphine on the VPM field potential were similar to those seen with EG626. Pretreatment of the animal with naloxone antagonized the facilitatory effect on the VPM field potentials produced by morphine, but not those by EG626. Morphine and EG626 induced either a prolonged increase in the blood flow or transient increase followed by a decrease in the blood flow in the VPM. These results suggest that EG626 may impair the polysynaptic transmission and/or neuron excitability in the sensory cortex and the VPM at least partly due to the change in blood flow there as does morphine. Unlike morphine, however, EG626 did not produce any obvious effect on the STN.

These experiments bring new information concerning the immunological status after birth of quail----chick spinal cord chimeras. Such birds have been produced using recipient flocks of chickens different from those in our previous experiments. The breakdown of tolerance after hatching has been recorded and found to vary with the origin of the embryos. Chickens of broiler JA 657 strain and of a white leghorn strain raised in Japan started to exhibit signs of neural graft rejection later in life than the white leghorn chickens from a French breeder used in our previous studies. As previously described, in two animals, long-term tolerance was observed only for allogeneic chick----chick neural tube grafts. In one chimera the neurological syndrome resulting from rejection was reversible, and no signs of immune attack of the grafted central nervous tissue could be detected at sacrifice. This and other observations reported in this article strongly support the contention that the host immune response to foreign neural tissues starts in peripheral nerves and ganglia where no blood-brain barrier exists rather than in the spinal cord. A humoral response of the host against non-polymorphic quail antigens present on fibroblasts was observed in all birds at the time of rejection.

Agents responsible for the entry of cholesterol-bearing lipoproteins into the arterial wall represent local risk factors in atherogenesis. In an attempt to identify these agents, we inserted a catheter into the ascending aorta of rabbits and 5 ml of arterial blood sample was withdrawn. The contraction of the aortic strip of rabbit against Piper and Vane's antagonists with application of this sample was observed. Samples obtained after feeding of 1 Gm/Kg of cholesterol and after an intravenous administration of thromboxan A2 (TXA2) contracted the aortic strip. Samples from non-treated rabbits or those obtained after intravenous administration of 10 microgram of epinephrine or norepinephrine did not contract the strip. Previous administration of 20 mg/Kg of indomethacin decreased the contraction developed after feeding of 1 Gm/Kg of cholesterol. It was suggested that TXA2 might be released into the arterial blood by the ingestion of cholesterol and might be one of the agents repsonsible for the entry of lipoproteins.