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Objective The effectiveness of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients remains a controversial topic. This study investigates the mid‐term outcomes of ARCR in RA patients and identifies the factors influencing clinical efficacy. Methods This retrospective study enrolled RA patients with small or medium rotator cuff tears (RCTs) between February 2014 and February 2019. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and Constant–Murley scores were collected at each follow‐up time. Ultimately, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X‐ray were employed to assess rotator cuff integrity and progression of shoulder bone destruction, respectively. Statistical methods used two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA or generalized estimation equations. Results A total of 157 patients were identified and divided into ARCR (n = 75) and conservative treatment (n = 82) groups. ARCR group continued to be divided into small tear (n = 35) and medium tear (n = 40) groups. At the final, all scores were better in ARCR group than in the conservative treatment group (p 0.05). Radiographic assessment of the final follow‐up demonstrated that the progression rate in the small tear group (8.57%) was significantly lower than that in the medium group (27.50%, p

After comparing the bacterial load of black-yolked salted duck eggs (BSE) and that of duck eggs with different cleanliness degrees, it was found that the total bacterial count on the shell of severely stained eggs (DE) was distinctly higher than that on the shell of non-visually stained eggs (CE), and the total bacterial count in the shell membrane and contents of BSE increased greatly. Furthermore, 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the differences in the composition and abundance of bacterial communities in CE, DE and BSE. It turned out that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla, accounting for 34.35%, 27.25% and 17.28% of the total abundance, respectively, while Bacteroidetes accounted for 8.29% of the total abundance. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacteria in DE and accounted for 89.01% of the total abundance, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were 6.16% and 3.98%. The dominant phyla in BSE were Proteobacteria (76.50%), Bacteroidetes (8.00%), Actinobacteria (6.76%) and Firmicutes (5.43%). The abundance of Proteobacteria in DE and BSE was significantly increased. The dominant bacterial genera in CE were Nesterdella (9.08%), Campylobacter (7.91%), Streptococcus (3.41%) and Oligomonas (2.92%). In DE, Psychrobacter was the dominant genus, accounting for 86.01% of the total abundance, and the relative abundance of Acinetobacter was 2.20%. The dominant bacteria in BSE were Rolstonia (22.91%), Serratia (5.05%) and Actinomycetes (3.32%). The cluster analysis of bacterial diversity showed that the dominant microorganisms of BSE were close to those of DE. The microbial phenotype analysis showed that the dominant microorganisms of BSE were Gram-negative bacteria, had high oxidative stress tolerance and pathogenicity, and could tolerate oxidizing detergents. The results of microbial gene function prediction and species composition of metabolic pathways demonstrated that bacterial carbohydrate decomposition, lipid transport and metabolic oxidation in DE were stronger than those in CE. More coenzyme transport and metabolic pathways could make the biochemical reactions of bacteria from DE faster to produce more secondary metabolites, thus resulting in changes in the quality of duck eggs. This is consistent with the highest bacterial abundance in the secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport and catabolism pathways in BSE. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the cleaner production of duck eggs.

Flavonoids are an important group of polyphenolic compounds found in natural foods, showing great potential for the usage in food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. Nevertheless, flavonoids are generally limited in their potential application in food industry due to their low solubility, poor stability and permeability, resulting in poor bioavailability. It is a promising strategy to use nanotechnology to prepare nanoparticles of flavonoids based on natural biological macromolecules and thus improve the physicochemical properties of flavonoids. Recent researches at home and abroad are comprehensive analyzed in this paper, and the structure and properties of flavonoids are briefly described. On this basis, examples of nanoparticles of various protein and polysaccharide matrices and related research results are presented in this paper to discuss their binding mechanisms and applicability. The development of flavonoid nanoparticles for applications in the food industry is also envisaged. The objective of this study is to provide a theoretical basis and rationale for the development and utilization of natural macromolecular nanoparticles of flavonoids.

Protein nanoparticles are nano-sized protein particles. Compared with synthetic nanomaterials, protein nanoparticles have great advantages in the embedding and transmission of bioactive substances due to their good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In recent years, protein nanoparticles have gradually become a research hotspot. In this paper, the common types of animal protein nanoparticles and plant protein nanoparticles which are currently mainly used in food industry are firstly introduced, and the common preparation methods of protein nanoparticles are also summarized, including anti-solvent precipitation method, salting-out method, nano spray drying method, electrospray method, supercritical fluid method and thermally induced aggregation method. The mechanisms of various methods as well as their advantages and disadvantages in terms of safety, applicability, product quality and operation complexity are analyzed. In addition, the applications of protein nanoparticles in the production of functional foods, the active packaging of foods and the stabilization of food Pickering emulsions are reviewed. Finally, the research status on application safety of protein nanoparticles is concluded. It is hoped to provide theoretical reference for further research on protein nanoparticles.

Background: Postoperative analgesia is an essential component of enhanced recovery after surgery following abdominal surgery. Studies comparing the effectiveness of epidural analgesia with that of other analgesic modalities after liver surgery have reported inconsistent results. Consequently, the use of epidural analgesia for open hepatectomy is controversial. Objective: The present single-center retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in adults undergoing open hepatectomy. Methods: Patients who underwent open hepatectomy between January 2018 to December 2019 at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University were retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score matching was used to adjust baseline information between the PCEA and PCIA groups. The primary outcome measure was scores of the numeric rating scales (NRSs) for resting, exercise, and nocturnal pain at postoperative 24 h (postoperative day 1 [POD1]) and 48 h (POD2). The secondary outcome indicators included postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), hypotension, pruritus, respiratory depression, functional activity score (FAS), effective analgesic pump compression ratio, analgesic relief rate, discontinuation of the analgesic pump, reasons for discontinuation of the analgesic pump, and patient satisfaction with postoperative analgesia. Results: The NRS scores of the PCEA group on POD1 were significantly lower than those of the PCIA group (P

ABSTRACTColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. While a close correlation between chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and CRC has been reported, the role of the virome has been overlooked. Here, we infected Apc-mutant mouse models and C57BL/6 mice with H. pylori and conducted a comprehensive metagenomics analysis of H. pylori-induced changes in lower gastrointestinal tract bacterial and viral communities. We observed an expansion of temperate phages in H. pylori infected Apc+/1638N mice at the early stage of carcinogenesis. Some of the temperate phages were predicted to infect bacteria associated with CRC, including Enterococcus faecalis. We also observed a high prevalence of virulent genes, such as flgJ, cwlJ, and sleB, encoded by temperate phages. In addition, we identified phages associated with pre-onset and onset of H. pylori-promoted carcinogenesis. Through co-occurrence network analysis, we found strong associations between the viral and bacterial communities in infected mice before the onset of carcinogenesis. These findings suggest that the expansion of temperate phages, possibly caused by prophage induction triggered by H. pylori infection, may have contributed to the development of CRC in mice by interacting with the bacterial community.

ABSTRACTBacteriophages play central roles in the maintenance and function of most ecosystems by regulating bacterial communities. Yet, our understanding of their diversity remains limited due to the lack of robust bioinformatics standards. Here we present ViroProfiler, an in-silico workflow for analyzing shotgun viral metagenomic data. ViroProfiler can be executed on a local Linux computer or cloud computing environments. It uses the containerization technique to ensure computational reproducibility and facilitate collaborative research. ViroProfiler is freely available at https://github.com/deng-lab/viroprofiler.