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Abuse of antibiotics in aquaculture have been alarming and might aggravate spread of resistance genes in the environment. Holistic ARGs proliferation checks require deeper analyses of coupled absolute abundances in 16S rRNA bacteria communities at the phylum level to detect biomarkers. Sulfanilamide (sul) and copper II sulfate (CuSO4 II) were, therefore, designed and added as separate or combined treatments in 9 replicate engineered goldfish tanks comprising 3 individual sul, 3 CuSO4 II, 3 (sul + CuSO4 II) combinations, and 3 controls within 180 days. The DNA from water and fish guts was sequenced under qPCR to determine 16S rRNA bacteria biomarkers co-occurring with the correspondent ARGs. Combined chemical addition at 0.8–1.5 mg sul + 0.5–1.0 mg CuSO4 II/3 L of tank waters reduced sequenced 16S rRNA bacteria absolute abundances in fish gut and water samples while portraying the biomarkers. Absolute abundances of the entire 16S rRNA bacteria was higher in fish guts (3.4 × 1014–4.9 × 108 copies/g) than water samples (1.5 × 109–2.6 × 1015 copies/L), respectively. Much as sul 1(log) were dominant over intl 1(log) genes, and their fundamental profiles were also higher in the fish guts than water samples; the Spearman’s correlation analyses revealed positive relationship (p Proteobacteria (10–50:15–65%) > Planktomycetes (10–52:8–25%) featured prominently based on LEfSe use as the hot-spotted biomarkers, hence justifying its higher prospects towards innovative environmental microbiological and biotechnological studies.

This study presents an experimental comparison of the breakdown characteristics of oil samples with four cellulose particle content levels in a quasi-uniform electric field under lightning impulse voltage. For the experiment to resemble the actual working conditions of transformers and meet the on-site withstand impulse voltage test requirements, both the standard lightning voltage (SLI) and oscillating lightning impulse (OLI) are considered. The experimental results show that an increase in the number of cellulose particles directly weakens the oil insulation strength. At the same particle content level, the oil breakdown voltage under OLI is higher than that under SLI, and the breakdown time lag under OLI is longer than that under SLI. The breakdown time lag is more sensitive to the effect of particle content under SLI. This work is beneficial in deepening the understanding of the impulse breakdown characteristics of transformer oil within cellulose particles and in providing references for the on-site impulse test of oil-immersed power transformers.

The hydrogenation catalyst plays an important role in removing trace olefins from aromatics. In this work, a Cu/ZnO/montmorillonite catalyst was developed. The Cu/ZnO/montmorillonite catalyst is not only comparable in performance to the noble metal Pt/montmorillonite catalyst, but also has greater potential because the activity of the catalyst at low hydrogen flow is almost the same as that at high hydrogen flow. Moreover, aromatic cracking will not occur under the action of the Cu/ZnO/montmorillonite catalyst. The activity of the modified catalyst used to remove olefins is stable at about 92% at low weight hourly space velocity (WHSV). The three functions of ZnO are summarized as follows: (i) Zinc oxide is beneficial to restore the BET surface area of the Cu-based catalyst. (ii) Zinc oxide can improve the amount of Cu that can be reduced by hydrogen. (iii) ZnO increases the grain size of Cu2(NO3)(OH)3, resulting in a higher reduction temperature for Cu-based catalysts.

Globally, nation states have concerns about health, and this has led to a proliferation of initiatives and policies, which either have a direct or indirect influence on education in schools. This article focuses specifically on how China, with the largest public education system in the world, has sought to transform the health of the nation through national curriculum reform informed by policies from other nations, which has significant implications for physical education (PE). Guided by Charmaz’s (2014) grounded theory, 22 PE teachers from 13 secondary schools in the north of mainland China were interviewed to provide a unique insight into how changes in curriculum were taken up and responded to. Analysis of data from this study indicated that the demands of implementing the new curriculum have their origins in complexities that go beyond individual teachers’ perceptions of health and change. Teachers expressed concerns about the reforms and there were several further contextual factors limiting the realisation of curriculum reform guided by the maxim of ‘Health First’. Teachers were uncertain of how to enact changes and reorientate their practices so that they were in line with the expectations of developing health through PE. The development of an examination in PE also strongly influenced the teachers’ perceptions of what to prioritise.

This study presents experimental results on the influence of cellulose particles on the breakdown characteristics of transformer oil in a highly non-uniform field under lightning impulse voltage. The experimental results show that as the particle content increases, the breakdown voltage reduces with little change in the breakdown time lag. At the same cellulose particle content, the oil breakdown voltage under oscillating lightning impulse (OLI) is lower than that under standard lightning impulse (SLI) and the breakdown time lag under OLI is longer than that under SLI. The impulse wave oscillation has a large effect on the accumulation of particles around the high voltage electrode and cellulose particles affect the development of the streamer process. At mid to high particle content the accumulation of particles around the high voltage electrode causes a decrease in the conductivity of the surrounding oil. This work contributes to the understanding of the effect of cellulose particles in oil and breakdown and on oscillating waveforms and provides guidance for lightning impulse tests on oil-immersed power transformers in the field.

Tungsten is widely used as a plasma-facing material in nuclear fusion reactors due to its favorable properties; however, the extensive exposure of energetic particles could lead to severe degradati...

By hetero atom doping, a nitrogen-doped porous carbon was synthesized and applied to catalytic oxidation removal of NO. The synthesis conditions and NO removal process conditions of the modified carbon material were investigated, including calcination temperatures, impregnation amount, NO inlet concentration (100–500 ppm) and catalytic reaction temperature. The results showed that the dicyandiamide impregnation solution concentration of 0.5 M, and the calcination temperature of 600 °C performed the best in the preparation of structurally stable nitrogen-modified carbon. Due to the formation of a large number active centers of pyridine nitrogen (N-6) groups and graphitic nitrogen (N-Q) groups, the optimal conversion rate of NO could reach 67.2%.

Extrahepatic portosystemic shunt belongs to a family of rare vascular abnormalities. The clinical importance and manifestations of this vascular abnormality range from asymptomatic cases to liver or metabolic dysfunctions of various degrees. Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt, also termed as Abernethy malformation, is a very rare congenital vascular malformation in which splenomesenteric blood drains into a systemic vein, bypassing the liver through a complete or partial extrahepatic shunt. So far, limited cases of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt have been reported. In this review, incidence, mechanisms, complications, diagnoses and treatments of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt are described.

H-ZSM-5, H-IM-5, and H-IM-5(DS) zeolites were synthesized as highly active and shape selective catalysts for the alkylation of benzene with methanol. The samples were characterized by N2-adsorption-desorption, XRD, SEM, TEM, NH3-TPD, and Py-FTIR. The benzene conversion and xylene selectivity were in the same order H-IM-5(DS) > H-IM-5 > H-ZSM-5, while the toluene selectivity was in the reverse order. Combined with the analysis of pore structure and TEM, H-IM-5(DS) zeolite was equipped with more meso/macropores and it exhibited even better catalytic properties. The optimum reaction condition with H-IM-5(DS) as catalysts was obtained.

In recent years, with China entering the "Internet plus” , China' s distance education has entered a period of profound transformation based on information technology. The rapid rise of online education has brought new opportunities and challenges to the development of educational reform and teaching. Online education, or E-Learning, is a method of content dissemination and rapid learning through the application of information and Internet technologies. " E" stands for electronic learning, efficient learning, explorative learning, experiential learning, extended learning, extensible learning, easy-to-use learning and enhanced learning.In the "Internet plus" era, education and learning are more universal, autonomous and free, online education is a" Internet plus" environment of the pan-network education, emphasizing the full development of modern education technology, especially the advantages of internet technology, and advocating that everyone can learn, always learn and everywhere.In this era of information explosion, access to information through the lnternet is the most convenient way. And no one can talk about the Internet without mentioning the Cloud, its computing power and storage capacity are superior, and its software application power is more diverse, which can let the user take what they want, at any time. This makes the Cloud its own characteristics, which can be summed up in four “V”, the volumn, the velocity, the variety, the veracity.Since the outbreak of the new crown, offline education has been severely affected worldwide. In response to this situation, many countries have launched online education. Cloud Class has emerged and gradually become universal and at present, it has been more and more recognized and popular. Especially after the announcement of the Chinese government' s policy of “double reduction”.It has reduced the burden of schoolwork for primary and middle school students and reduced their participation in out-of-school training institutions.Therefore, China' s application and demand for online education will be more extensive.The use of Cloud Class in education has created an entirely new educational system in which students can browse educational resources at any time using any Internetenabled terminal (such as a mobile phone, tablet computer etc ), thus achieving personalized self-learning, and teachers can use the platform for teaching discussion and teacher-student interaction.But while the rapid rise of online education and the Cloud Class bring great opportunities and convenience to the development of educational reform, there are many shortcomings and challenges such as how to accomplish the teaching goals effectively without self-restraint, how to improve students' knowledge and abilities, how to make and organize online courses for their personal interests and how to transform teachers from traditional communicators and indoctrinators into organisers and facilitators of teaching activities.This paper mainly aims at the background of the popularization of online education, analyzes the current situation of the application of Cloud Classroom at home and abroad. And then compares the function of the existing online education teaching platform software, and probes into the existing problems of cloud teaching. Finally, the article will propose some countermeasures targeting of issues to improve the effective application of the cloud platform, hoping to give some inspiration and reference to the online educators and researchers.

A new fabrication process without preform manufacturing has been developed for carbon short fiber (CSF) reinforced various aluminum matrix composites. And their mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated. Electroless Ni plating was conducted on the CSF for improving wettability between the carbon fiber (CF) and aluminum. It was confirmed that pores in Ni plated CSF/Al and Al alloy matrix composites prepared by applied pressure, 0.8 MPa, had some imperfect infiltration regions between the CF/CF and CF/matrix in all composites. However, pores size in the region between the CF/CF and CF/matrix to use the A336 matrix was about 1 µm. This size is smaller than that of other aluminum-based composites. Vickers hardness of Ni plated CSF/A1070, A356 alloy, and A336 alloy composites were higher as compared to matrix. However, the A1070 pure aluminum matrix composite had the highest hardness improvement. The Ultimate tensile strength of the A1070 and A356 aluminum matrix composite was increased due to carbon fiber compared to only aluminum, but the Ultimate tensile strength of the A336 aluminum matrix composite was rather lowered due to the highest content of Si precipitate and large size of Al3Ni compounds. The Thermal Conductivity of Ni plated CSF/A1070 composite has the highest value (167.1 W·m−1·K−1) as compared to composites.

Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) has been well investigated in recent years, whereas we investigated the system containing double hydrogen bonds. We explore the influence of sol...

The significant rise in the number of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that resulted from our abuse of antibiotics could do severe harm to public health as well as to the environment. We investigated removal efficiency and removal mechanism of electrochemical (EC) treatment based on 6 different bacteria isolated from hospital wastewater carrying 3 last resort ARGs including NDM-1, mcr-1 and tetX respectively. We found that the removal efficiency of ARGs increased with the increase of both voltage and electrolysis time while the maximum removal efficiency can reach 90%. The optimal treatment voltage and treatment time were 3 V and 120 min, respectively. Temperature, pH and other factors had little influence on the EC treatment process. The mechanism of EC treatment was explored from the macroscopic and microscopic levels by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flow cytometry. Our results showed that EC treatment significantly changed the permeability of cell membrane and caused cells successively experience early cell apoptosis, late cell apoptosis and cell necrosis. Moreover, compared with traditional disinfection methods, EC treatment had less potential risks. The conjugative transfer frequencies of cells were significantly reduced after treatment. Less than 1% of bacteria entered the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state and less than 5% of intracellular ARGs (iARGs) turned into extracellular ARGs (eARGs). Our findings provide new insights into as well as important reference for future electrochemical treatment in removing ARB from hospital wastewater.

A density functional theory (DFT) study was performed to explore the reaction mechanisms of CO

Conventional manufacturing process of fiber reinforced metal matrix composites via liquid infiltration processes, preform manufacturing using inorganic binders is essential. However, the procedure involves binder sintering, which requires high energy and long operating times. A new fabrication process without preform manufacturing is proposed to fabricate carbon short fiber (CSF)-reinforced aluminum matrix composites using a low-pressure infiltration method. To improve the wettability and avoid interfacial reactions in CSF/Al matrix composites, the fibers were plated with copper using electroless plating process. Various volume fractions of CSFs were used to determine optimum fiber content which would produce versatile mechanical and thermal properties. Effect of CSFs content on properties such as Vickers hardness and thermal conductivity was studied. Cu-plated CSFs showed good bonding with the Al matrix and CSFs were randomly dispersed inside the composites, with CSF content of up to 29.1 vol.%, through the new manufacturing process. It showed better fiber distribution than the composite fabricated perform with SiO2 binder, which was determined by comparing the relative frequency distribution of CSFs in composites. Vickers hardness of the composites showed an obvious improvement over that of the Al matrix, and the hardness increased as the CSF content increased. The Cu-plated CSF (14.3 vol.%) reinforced Al matrix composite exhibited the highest thermal conductivity (184.1 W·m-1·K-1). However, the thermal conductivity decreased as CSF content increased to 29.1 vol.% due to the defects in composite.

Hospital wastewater contains abundant antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and pathogens. Last-resort antibiotic resistance genes (LARGs) include the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase gene blaNDM, mobile colistin resistance gene mcr and tigecycline resistance gene tet(X) which confers resistance to carbapenems, colistin and tigecycline. The presence and significance of LARGs in hospital wastewater treatment systems (HWTS) have not yet been systematically explored. Here, LARG variants were shown to be prevalent both influents and effluents of HWTS. A total of 989 Enterobacteriaceae isolates that confer resistance to last-resort antibiotics were collected from effluents and multiple genetic contexts of LARGs were analyzed. LARGs-carrying plasmids were confirmed to show high multidrug phenotypes and transferability. We also discovered the co-occurrence of plasmids harboring blaNDM-1 and mcr-1 in single Escherichia coli, as well as E. coli HM016 containing two unique mcr-1-carrying plasmids. This result might accelerate co-dissemination of LARGs under environmental selection pressure. Different core genetic arrangements in these strains suggest several evolutionary pathways in HWTS. The resistance functions of LARGs were confirmed in vitro and in vivo by mass spectrometry. This study provides novel insights into the diversity, genetic context and function of critical ARGs in HWTS. The results raise the concern that LARGs may further spread into the environment, thus, more stringent discharge standards and regulations for hospital wastewater are urgently needed.

Identification of deleterious variants in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) susceptibility genes allows for increased clinical surveillance and early detection, and could predict the response to poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor in patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas. To determine the prevalence and clinical prediction factors for HBOC syndrome, 882 selected individuals underwent multigene panel testing for HBOC risk assessment during the period from January 2015 to March 2018. Overall, 176 deleterious mutations were observed in 19.50% (n = 172) of individuals. Twenty‐six of 176 mutations could not be retrieved in related public databases and were considered to be novel. Among patients with ovarian cancer, 115 deleterious mutations were identified in 429 patients (48.6%) with significant enrichment for a family history of breast or ovarian cancer syndrome (P, Results reflected the mutation frequency of HBOC susceptibility genes in Chinese HOBC high‐risk individuals. Our study highlighted the genetic heterogeneity of HBOC and the efficiency of a multigene panel in carrying out risk assessment.

To selectively adsorb dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) from its competition components, such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), the shell layer of silicalite-1 crystals was synthesized on a commercial Y z...

Mesoporous silica nanocarriers (MSNs) are appealing in terms of their large cavity surface area and high loading capacity, but they have been suffering from premature cargo release. Herein, we report a gated smart MSN that is sensitive to low oxygen concentration (i.e., hypoxia) via taking advantage of the superior electron-accepting ability of the azobenzene moiety. The azobenzene polymer was employed as the responsive gate-keeper that was deposited on the MSN surface, followed by coating with amphiphilic Pluronic F68 for steric stabilization. The obtained nanocarriers were less than 200 nm. The

A core–shell HZSM-5@silicalite-1 zeolite coated with a relatively continuous b-oriented thin silicalite-1 shell has been synthesized by a self-assembly method of reversing the negative surface charge of ZSM-5 crystals before the secondary hydrothermal crystallization. The growth orientation of shell crystals is confirmed by electron microscopy technology. N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning transmission electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (STEM-EDS) measurements reveal that the core ZSM-5 crystals are coated with a relatively continuous monocrystal-thick silicalite-1 shell. The surface acidity analysis (Pyridine-FTIR and 2,4,6-collidine-FTIR) combined with the two probe chemical reactions using molecules that are either too large or adequately sized to access MFI pores has confirmed the passivation of external surface acid sites without hindering the intrinsic activity of the parent HZSM-5, which is consistent with the results from the electron microscopy and textural analysis.

A phosphorus modified HZSM-5 sample with excellent p-xylene selectivity was successfully obtained by a method of reversing the external surface ZSM-5 crystals to positive charged by HDTMA, which could selectively deposit the phosphorus on the external surface and pore entrance. The texture properties were characterized by XRD, XRF and N2 adsorption–desorption. The accessibility of acid sites was determined by NH3-TPD and Py/Coll-IR. The solid-state NMR measurement indicated that more phosphorus did not enter the pores of the MZS-1.5P sample and existed as H4P2O7 or polyphosphates not connected to aluminum. Applied to alkylation of toluene with methanol, MZS-1.5P sample all exhibited excellent para-selectivity at reaction temperatures of 360–420 °C and WHSV of 1.0–4.0 h–1. The TPD of xylene analysis showed that the interactions between diffusing molecule and surface of ZSM-5 as well as the geometric factors play important roles in the diffusion process.

A heterogeneous Cu modified Y zeolite is prepared for acetylene carbonylation, and acrylic acid yield is up to 86%; this catalyst could maintain ∼50% of initial activity even after three catalytic cycles. Regenerating the spent catalyst in air followed by N2 could restore the activity to 80%. Multiple measurement techniques, including XRD, ICP, XPS, NH3-TPD, TGA, Raman and SEM are carried out to obtain a deep understanding of the catalyst deactivation. During the reaction process, unreacted acetylene is pyrolyzed, solubilized, diffused, accumulated and solidified as disordered carbonaceous particles on the catalyst, then transferred to ordered filaments. At the same time, CuO is dissolved into the reaction liquid and only Cu+ is left, which reduce the acidity of catalyst in both amount and strength. Results show that factors causing the catalyst deactivation obey the following order: coke deposition > copper loss > acidity weakening > crystallinity collapse.

The aim of this multicenter study was to demonstrate the distribution pattern of atherosclerotic stenosis and its trend with aging between extracranial and intracranial arteries and its distribution between the anterior and posterior circulations in Chinese patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke. In addition, the risk factors for the distribution pattern were illustrated. From June 2015 to May 2016, 9,346 patients with ischemic stroke from 20 hospitals were enrolled. Carotid artery ultrasonography and transcranial color-coded sonography/transcranial Doppler were used to evaluate the extracranial and intracranial arteries. The distribution pattern of atherosclerotic stenosis and its trend with aging were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for the distribution pattern. Among the 9,346 patients, 2,882 patients (30.8%) had at least one artery with a degree of stenosis ≥50%. Among patients with arterial stenosis, the proportion of patients with intracranial artery stenosis was higher than those with extracranial artery stenosis (52.6% vs. 27.6%), and the proportion of anterior circulation artery stenosis was higher than that in the posterior circulation (52.2% vs.26.2%). With aging, the proportion of intracranial artery stenosis alone decreased; at the same time, the proportion of extracranial artery stenosis and extracranial plus intracranial artery stenosis increased (trend χ2=6.698, P=0.001). Hypertension (OR 1.416, P=0.008) and family history of stroke (OR 1.479, P=0.014) were risk factors for intracranial artery stenosis. Male, aging, and smoking were factors more related to extracranial artery stenosis. Aging (OR 1.022, P

In this work, sulfated zirconia (SZ) was prepared by a solvent-free method, ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) and sulfamic acid (NH2SO3H) were as sulfur sources, respectively. The resulting catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and pyridine-FTIR. The characterization of the catalysts revealed that SZ prepared with (NH4)2SO4 as sulfur source contained more Lewis acid sites and less Brønsted acid sites. The effects of sulfur sources on the catalytic activity of catalysts were studied. Catalytic testing showed that SZ prepared with (NH4)2SO4 as sulfur source had a better catalytic performance for removing trace olefins from aromatics. Keywords: Aromatics, Olefins, Sulfur sources, Sulfated zirconia

Vanadium alloys are regarded as promising candidate structural materials for the advanced blanket concept in fusion reactors due to their low activation, good high-temperature strength and, in particular, their compatibility with liquid lithium. In the present work, six kinds of V–5Cr–5Ti alloys under heavy cold work with deformation amounts of 40%, 60% and 80%, and/or subsequent annealing were investigated. Irradiation damage of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 dpa was introduced in both specimens using 352.8 MeV Fe ions at 100 °C. Electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate pre-irradiation microstructures such as grains, dislocations, precipitates and bubbles. X-ray diffraction was used to evaluate the pre-existing dislocation density and TEM was used to image the irradiation defects. The change in hardness was evaluated using micro-hardness tests. Before irradiation, the hardness increased with the increasing deformation amount but decreased after subsequent annealing. Dislocation cells turning into sub-grains with low-angle boundaries were observed, while the deformation amount reached 80% in cold-worked specimens. After irradiation, hardening was observed in all specimens and at all irradiation doses, and a power-law relation was observed in dose-dependent hardening. The effect of the initial microstructure on irradiation hardening was discussed in terms of the sink strength while ignoring grains and precipitates due to their large size. Pre-existing bubbles could effectively reduce irradiation hardening compared with previous results. Meanwhile, with the increasing sink strength of dislocations, hardening decreased in a different manner in cold-worked and annealed specimens. The irradiation defects in some specimens were investigated to clarify the inherent mechanism in the relationship between the initial microstructures and irradiation hardening.

ESIPT behavior has attracted a lot of eyes of researchers in recent years because of its unique optical properties. Due to its large Stokes shift and double emission fluorescence, white light can be generated in the fluorophore based on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) principle. The excited state proton transfer behavior of hydroxylated benzoxazole (BO-OH), benzothiazole (BS-OH) and benzoselenazole (BSe-OH) have been investigated in heptane, chloroform and DMF solvents. By comparing the infrared vibration spectra and the variation of bond parameters from the S0 to S1 states, and analyzing the frontier molecular orbitals, the influence of hydrogen bond dynamics, the solvent polarity, charge redistribution and the effects of different proton acceptors on proton transfer were observed. The only structural difference among the three substituted hydroxyfluorenes is the heteroatom in the azole ring (oxygen, sulfur and selenium, respectively). We have scanned the potential energy curve of the ESIPT process, and compared the potential barrier, it is found that the heavier chalcogen atoms are more favorable for proton transfer. At the same time, the potential application of changing heteroatoms in the azole ring by walking down the chalcogenic group in crystal luminescence color regulation is also discussed.

In this work, we explore the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanisms and relative solvent effects for three novel 3-hydroxylflavone derivatives (i.e., HOF, SHOF, and NSHOF) in acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and toluene solvents. Through calculations, we optimize the structures of HOF, SHOF, and NSHOF. Through the analysis of a series of structural parameters related to hydrogen bonding interactions, it could be found that the hydrogen bonds of the three derivatives are all enhanced in the S1 state, and more importantly, the excited-state hydrogen bonds of HOF are stronger than those of SHOF and NSHOF. In order to explore the effects of solvent polarity, we analyze the core-valence bifurcation (CVB) index, infrared (IR) vibration spectrum, and the potential energy curves. We find that for HOF, SHOF, and NSHOF, the strength of the excited-state hydrogen bonds increases as the solvent polarity decreases. The solvent polarity dependent ESIPT mechanisms pave the way for further designing novel flavonoid-based solvatofluorochromic probes in future.

The occurrence of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria in the wastewater system poses a huge threat to environmental and public health, in particular in hospital wastewater treatment system (HWTS). HWTS-oriented studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of chlorination and UV disinfection using indigenous bacteria. Results revealed that the VBNC Escherichia coli and ARGs remained persistent even at high chlorination (12 mg/L for 2.5 h) and UV doses (1000 mJ/cm2). The molecular mechanisms underlying chlorination-/UV-induced VBNC state in E. coli were explored through the transcriptomics and results suggested that most energy-dependent physiological activities (e.g., metabolism) have been suppressed in VBNC E. coli, while the pathogenicity-related genes varied insignificantly compared to the culturable cells, indicating that the VBNC E. coli could potentially display pathogenicity. Further Galleria mellonella model experiment has confirmed that although the disinfection-induced VBNC state made cells less infectious, these cells could regain their pathogenicity after resuscitation. This in vitro study can be used as a reference for studies on infections from VBNC bacteria and highlights the health risk due to VBNC pathogens in hospital effluents. There is a need to develop effluent standards specifically for healthcare facilities, and a stricter downstream disinfection strategy should be considered for the removal of VBNC cells and ARGs in the effluent.

In this paper, a characteristic mode rotation (CMR) method has been proposed to design a compact metasurface antenna with a low radar cross section (RCS) in a wideband. In the proposed CMR method, the incident wave dependent complex characteristic currents corresponding to the dominant characteristic modes solved by the characteristic mode method (CMM) are calculated. With the direction of the superposition of the complex characteristic currents orthogonal to that of the incident electric field in the CMR method, the metasurface subarray with wideband polarization conversion characteristic is designed. By arranging the metasurface subarray in a rotation way, a metasurface array with a compact size of 1.28λ0×1.28λ0 is designed for wideband RCS reduction. A miniature circle patch antenna is integrated with the metasurface array to achieve not only good radiation performance but also low observability for the in-band and the out-of-band of the antenna. Simulated and measured results demonstrate that the proposed miniature metasurface antenna designed by the CMR method has a good broadside radiation pattern, a maximal gain of 10.75 dB, and a -10 dB RCS reduction characteristic in the wide band of 6∼20.7 GHz with a fractional band of 110%.

Background: Although uveal melanoma (UM) at the early stage is controllable to some extent, it inevitably ultimately leads to death due to widespread metastasis to the entire body. At present, the difficulty is that there is no way to effectively tackle the metastasis. It is hypothesized that these will be treated by target molecules, but the recognized target molecule has not yet been found. In this study, the target molecule was explored through proteomics.Methods: Transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) inbred nude mice, which spontaneously display a tumor microenvironment (TME), were used as model animal carriers. The UM cell line 92.1 was inoculated into the brain ventricle stimulating metastatic growth of UM, and a graft re-cultured Next, the UM cell line 92.1-A was obtained through monoclonal amplification, and a differential proteomics database, between 92.1 and ectopic 92.1-A, was established. Finally, bioinformatics methodologies were adopted to optimize key regulatory proteins, and in vivo and in vitro functional verification and targeted drug screening were performed. Results: Cells and tissues displaying green fluorescence in animal models were determined as TME characteristics provided by hosts. The data of various biological phenotypes detected proved that 92.1-A were more malignant than 92.1. Besides this malignancy, p62 protein, selected from 5267 quantifiable differential proteomics databases, was a multifunctional autophagy linker protein, and its expression could be suppressed by chloroquine and dacarbazine that are commonly applied in clinics. Inhibition of p62 could reduce the malignancy degree of metastatic UM. Conclusion: As the carriers of human UM orthotopic and ectopic xenotransplantation, transgenic EGFP inbred nude mice clearly display the characteristics of TME. In addition, the p62 protein optimized by the proteomics is the key protein that increases the malignancy of 92.1 cells, which therefore provides a basis for further exploration of target molecule therapy for refractory metastatic UM.

This study aims to retrospectively analyse the safety of ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ALC) and identify risk factors for delayed discharge after ALC in the elderly.Consecutive patients who were scheduled to undergo ALC were assigned to the elderly group (age ≥ 65 years) or the non-elderly group. The primary outcome was postoperative discharge within 24 h (D24). Secondary outcomes were perioperative mortality, reasons for delayed discharge (psychosocial reasons (DP), complications (DC), drainage (DD) and conversion to open surgery (DCO)), intraoperative data and readmission within 30 days after discharge (readmission). Differences were statistically significant when P 0.05.There were 7657 patients assigned to the elderly group (n = 1143) or the non-elderly group (n = 6514). The differences between elderly patients and non-elderly patients in the operation time (51.0 (37.0-70.0) versus 50.0 (35.0-65.0) min), blood loss (10.0 (5.0-10.0) versus 5.0 (5.0-10.0) mL), D24 (75.5% versus 81.7%) and DD (7.8% versus 3.2%) were statistically significant (P 0.05, respectively). The differences between elderly patients and non-elderly patients in DP (8.2% versus 6.7%), DC (7.8% versus 7.9%), DCO (0.7% versus 0.5%) and readmission (0.5% versus 0.4%) were not statistically significant (P 0.05, respectively). Independent risk factors for delayed discharge after ALC in the elderly were male sex, octogenarian status, prolonged operation time, arrhythmia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, a previous operation in the upper abdomen, acute inflammation of gallbladder and a gallbladder wall thicker than 3 mm (P 0.05, respectively).ALC in the elderly is feasible and safe.

In the application of additive manufacturing, it is inevitable to use some formed parts with a smaller height. The analysis of various mechanical properties of these formed parts is the focus of research. In this paper, the fatigue performance of a titanium alloy specimen with a 10mm height and electron beam selective melting is studied. By analyzing the structure, phase, and hardness of the overall fatigue specimen, and then cutting the overall specimen parallel and perpendicular to the additive manufacturing direction, the tensile and fatigue tests in different directions are performed to detect the fatigue cracks at the fracture propagation the way to research. It is found that there are two ways of secondary crack propagation between fatigue bands, and three cracks are generated during the fatigue secondary crack propagation.