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124. Heat Transfer Characteristics of CO2 in a Horizontal Tube under Subcritical and Supercritical Pressures.

Author

Zhang, Chengrui, Hao, Bingtao, Cheng, Liangyuan, Xu, Jinliang, and Wang, Qingyang

Subjects
NUCLEATE boiling, HEAT transfer, HEAT transfer coefficient, HEAT flux, TUBES
Abstract

Supercritical CO2 heat transfer in vertical tubes has been widely studied, but limited work exists for that in horizontal tubes. In this work, experiments were conducted for CO2 in a horizontal tube with inner diameter of 8 mm under wide range of pressures (5.51–20.41 MPa), covering both subcritical and supercritical conditions. The ranges of heat flux and mass flux were 97.5–404.0 kW/m2 and 510.2–1314.2 kg/m2s, respectively. The heat transfer for subcritical pressure far below critical pressure showed typical flow boiling characteristics, with a wall temperature peak along the tube corresponding to departure from nucleate boiling. For near-critical pressure, it showed characteristics similar to supercritical heat transfer, with continuous increase of wall temperature along the tube. The effects of different parameters including pressure, mass flux, and heat flux on the heat transfer behavior were analyzed and discussed. Moreover, using the pseudo-vapor quality concept of the supercritical three-regime-model introduced in a previous work, the heat transfer coefficient was found to behave very similarly between subcritical and supercritical conditions. The experimental results showed significant deviation from single-phase convection within the two-phase/two-phase-like region compared with the single-phase regions, and which validates the similarity between subcritical boiling and supercritical pseudo-boiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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125. Modeling of vehicle carbon emissions on horizontal curve road sections.

Author

Dong, Yaping, Li, Tong, Xu, Jinliang, Liu, Xingliang, and Tian, Lin

Subjects
CARBON emissions, AUTOMOBILE emissions, R-curves, VEHICLE models, LATERAL loads
Abstract

The high carbon emissions of vehicles traveling on horizontal curve road sections cannot be ignored. Facing the difficulty of accurately quantifying the carbon emission of driving on horizontal curves and the unknown causes of high carbon emission, this study proposes to construct a carbon emission prediction model applicable to road sections with different planar geometries. The direct and indirect effects of horizontal curve alignment on vehicle carbon emissions are represented in the model interms of travel stabilization and speed changes, respectively. A lateral force coefficient parameter was introduced into the model to integrate the carbon emission quantification problem for different planar geometry sections. Meanwhile, field tests were conducted to assess the reliability of the model and the research findings. The model reveals that the geometric parameters of horizontal curves that affect carbon emissions are the radius of the circular curve, the superelevation, and the length of the gentle curve. The root causes of high carbon emissions on horizontal curve road sections are curve driving resistance and speed fluctuations. Under the free-flow driving condition of the highway, the maximum curve radius affecting the carbon emissions of passenger cars and trucks is 400 m and 550 m, respectively. The research results can realize the carbon emission quantification of vehicles on the road sections with different plane geometries. Also, it is helpful to control the high carbon emission of vehicles traveling on horizontal curve road sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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