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Endoscopic resection (ER) is an effective treatment method for gastric submucosal tumors (G-SMTs), but endoscopic resection failure requires emergency surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess potential risk factors for endoscopic resection failure.A total of 1041 patients with G-SMT undergoing endoscopic resection were enrolled. Twenty-five patients in whom endoscopic resection failed, requiring a transition to surgery midway through the operation, were included in the failed group, and 1016 patients who received successful endoscopic resection were included in the successful endoscopic resection group. Baseline and lesion characteristics were recorded, and the differences in tumor characteristics and risk factors for resection failure of G-SMT were analyzed. Sensitivity analysis was performed to detect the stability of the indicator.Of the 1041cases included, there were 25 cases (2.4%) of failed endoscopic resection. Binary logistic analysis showed that the independent risk factors included tumors originating from deep muscularis propria(OR = 14.42, 95% CI 4.47-46.52), size 3 cm (OR = 7.75, 95% CI 2.64-22.70), exophytic growth pattern (OR = 4.98, 95% CI 1.62-15.29), endoscopist with less experience (OR = 5.99, 95% CI 1.07-12.19), and irregular borders (OR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.40-12.19). The stable risk factors were tumors size, tumor origin and growth pattern according to sensitivity analysis.Tumors originating from the deep muscularis propria, tumor size 3 cm, endoscopists with less experience, an exophytic growth pattern, and irregular boundaries were found to be independent risk factors for endoscopic resection failure. To reduce the risk of endoscopic resection failure, physicians should carefully evaluate G-SMT characteristics preoperative.

In recent years, wastewater treatment to remove tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), has received much attention in water treatment problems. ZIF-67/C3N4 composite adsorbent, a nanosheet structured material stacked with MOFs, was prepared by in situ growth method, which has high adsorption activity for tetracycline hydrochloride in wastewater. Comparing the effect of monomeric and composite adsorbents, Z6C2 had the best adsorption effect (206 mg·g− 1), which was 77.6% higher than that of ZIF-67 (116 mg·g− 1) and 10.8 times higher than that of C3N4 (19 mg·g− 1).The structure of ZIF-67 stacked on C3N4 nanosheets has an excellent specific surface area and number of active sites, as well as π-π interactions, electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding interactions between the adsorbent and TCH, which combine to enhance the adsorption performance. The adsorption process is accompanied by a combination of chemisorption, mass transport and internal diffusion rate-limiting. The adsorbent exhibits good stability and adsorption capacity, which may be suitable for efficient and low-cost water purification.

Several studies have identified an association between the gut microbiome and post-stroke depression (PSD). As a common gastric infection bacteria, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection cause significant alterations in the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome, but relationship between H. pylori infection and PSD is still limited. Here, we conducted a retrospective study to assess risk factors associated with PSD. A total of 183 patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled and their depression scores, imaging features and clinical data were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that deep white matter lesions (DWMLs) and H. pylori infection were the independent risk factors for PSD. Further analysis indicated that patients with H. pylori-positive infection [H. pylori (+)] had more severe depressive symptoms than those with negative infection [H. pylori (-)]. Fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed statistically differences in intestinal flora between H. pylori (+) patients and H. pylori (-) patients. The DESeq2 analysis indicated that Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides dorei, and Fusobacterium ulcerans levels were significantly decreased, while Megamonas funiformis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis were more abundant in the H. pylori (+) group. GC-MS revealed that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations were significantly different between the two groups, and fecal SCFAs concentrations reduced in the H. pylori (+) group. In conclusion, DWMLs and H. pylori infection may play important roles in the development of PSD. H. pylori infection is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of PSD by altering the intestinal flora.

The impact of exposure to air pollutants, such as fine particulate matter (PM), on the immune system and its consequences on pediatric asthma are not well understood. We investigated whether the ambient levels of fine PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 microns (PM ) are associated with alterations in circulating monocytes in children with or without asthma. Increased exposure to ambient PM was linked to specific monocyte subtypes, particularly in children with asthma. Mechanistically, we hypothesized that innate trained immunity is evoked by a primary exposure to fine PM and accounts for an enhanced inflammatory response after secondary stimulation in vitro. We determined that the trained immunity was induced in circulating monocytes by fine particulate pollutants, and it was characterized by upregulation of proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF, IL-6, and IL-8, upon stimulation with house dust mite or LPS. This phenotype was epigenetically controlled by enhanced H3K27ac marks in circulating monocytes. The specific alterations of monocytes after ambient pollution exposure suggest a possible prognostic immune signature for pediatric asthma, and pollution-induced trained immunity may provide a potential therapeutic target for asthmatic children living in areas with increased air pollution.

Right ventricular remodeling and its function are closely related to the symptom severity and survival of hypoxia pulmonary hypertension, but molecular mechanisms of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial injury remain unclear. It evaluated the cardiac function (by right cardiac catheterization to measure right ventricular systolic pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure), myocardial tissue morphology（Haematoxylin and Eosin）, myocardial hypertrophy (Wheat Germ Agglutinin Staining), then RNA sequencing was applied to explore the mechanism, which results were verified by western blot in final. Hypoxia developed pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular diastolic and systolic functions were enhanced in rats, such as the mean pulmonary artery pressure, systolic pressure of pulmonary artery, the max pressure of right ventricular, the mean right ventricular pressure, and the heart rate was significantly higher than that in control. We found that Hif-1 signaling pathway and p38-MAPK signaling pathway have been activated by hypoxia, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis also aggravated in the right ventricular, which might be one cause of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial injury, and targeted intervention might be one potential prevention for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and myocardial injury induced by hypoxia.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gut disease with intestinal-epithelium disruption. Mast cell (MC) has been discussed in IBD studies, but its subset MCThis study was to examine the distribution of chymase-positive mast cells in the intestinal-epithelium-tissue of IBD infants, to explore the MC-chymase function on intestinal-epithelium, and to investigate the influences of DSLNT against MC-chymase-induced disruptions.The intestinal-biopsies (surgical-waste) of the infants with IBD or with intestinal-atresia (non-IBD) were paraffin-embedded for immunohistochemistry. In-situ intestinal-tissue model and in-vitro human-intestinal-epithelial-cell (Caco-2) model were established with or without the treatments of MC-chymase (50mU/mL), DSLNT (600 µM) and DSLNT + MC-chymase respectively. The tissue morphology analysis, cell proliferation assay, cell-gap-closure assessment, fluorescence-immunocytochemistry, western blot, trans-epithelial-electrical-resistance, cell-cycle and statistical analysis were applied.There was an increased number of MCChymase-positive MCs are involved in IBD progress. MC-chymase disrupts intracellular ZO-1/FAK/P38 signal pathway and cell-cell/cell-matrix contacts, while DSLNT protects intestinal-epithelium against MC-chymase to maintain the intestinal epithelium integrity.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of joints, and it is important for a lubricating joint during body movement. Degradation is the main metabolic process of HA in vivo. Hyaluronidases (HAase) were known for HA degradation. The inflammation-induced HA rapid-metabolism can reduce HA viscosity and concentration in joints. Mast cells (MC) containing their specific proteases were found in synovium tissue. It is unclear if MC-proteases could be involved in HA degradation pathways. This study aims to explore the correlations between HA concentration vs mast cell proteases, or matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9) and to investigate the association of MC-specific proteases with disrupted synovial HA homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or collagen-induced arthritis rats. The synovial fluid samples from no-RA and RA patients were collected; the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model was established; HA concentration and the activities of MC-protease and MMP-2/9 in the samples were detected, and the correlations were analyzed. In vitro interaction experiment was carried out by mixing MC-proteases with HA to observe the degradation speed. The HA concentrations in synovial fluids were decreased in RA patients and CIA rats compared with those in no-RA subjects or normal rats respectively. The activities of mast cell proteases in synovial fluids were increased and positively correlated with MMP-9, but negatively correlated with HA concentrations. In vitro study, the addition of MC-chymase and tryptase promoted the speed in HA degradation. MC-proteases may influence HA degradation pathway.

Background Gut dysbacteriosis has been reported as one of the etiologies for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the association between gut microbiota and IBS is still inconclusive. The study aims to provide new evidence of the interaction between the gut Microbiota and IBS. Method A paired-sample study was designed by retrieving original multicenter 16s-rRNA data of IBS patients and healthy controls from the GMrepo database. The propensity score matching (PSM) algorithm was applied to reduce confounding bias. The differential analysis of microbiota composition was performed at different taxonomic levels. The co-occurrence network was established. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify specific microbial compositions in different IBS subtypes. Results A total of 1522 amplicon samples were initially enrolled. After PSM, 708 samples (354 IBS and 354 healthy individuals) were eligible for further analysis. A total of 1,160 genera were identified. We identified significantly changed taxa in IBS groups (IBS-enriched: the families Enterobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Sphingobacteriaceae; the genera Streptococcus, Bacillus, Enterocloster, Sphingobacterium, Holdemania, and Acinetobacter. IBS-depleted: the phyla Firmicutes, Euryarchaeota, Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Lentisphaerae; the families Bifidobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Methanobacteriaceae, and the other 25 families; the genera Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and other 68 genera). In subgroup analysis, we profiled microbial compositions in IBS with predominant diarrhea and constipation. We further identified the genera Bilophila and Enterocloster that may be involved in linking IBS with psychiatric disorders. The co-occurrence network identified three hub genera and six hub species (including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) that may be important in IBS pathophysiology. Strong positive interactions were identified among the Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the Bifidobacterium community. Conclusion This study provides updated evidence in identifying specific microbes that may involve in IBS pathogenesis. Future modalities may be further validated by targeting these microorganisms.

It is well known that Glycyrrhetnic acid (GA) has significant liver-targeting and anti-inflammatory effects. Syringopicroside (SYR) and Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the active components of the Chinese herb Syringa oblata Lindl, have earned great reputation for their potential in preventing or treating viral hepatitis type B. Therefore, we loaded SYR and HT into GA-conjugated PEG-PLGA, so that they could target the liver in additional to exerting their own pharmacological effects in a synergistic. However, the in vivo targeting and the low bioavailability of SYR and HT pose a huge challenge. Therefore, we synthesized GA-conjugated multi-component nano-drug delivery system (SH-GPP). SH-GPP had a regular spherical shape with a uniform size distribution of 110.5 ± 3.18 nm. We further evaluated the effects of SH-GPP in vitro and in vivo. In the in vivo experiment, we evaluated the following parameters: the serum ALT and AST values; liver tissue homogenate MDA and SOD; HE staining of the pathological liver sections; and the liver coefficient. In the in vitro studies, the following parameters were evaluated: cellular uptake of SH-GPP; wound healing/scratch assay; cellular apoptosis; cell cycle; HBsAg; and HBeAg content. SH-GPP had better anti-hepatitis B effect than Syringopicroside and hydroxytyrosol (SH) and NPP alone. The targeting ability of GA enabled HT and SYR in GPP to reach the liver accurately, and played a synergistic role to maximize their therapeutic effects. This study provides a novel strategy against hepatitis B virus, and also provides a feasible scheme for improving the low bioavailability of the active components of traditional Chinese medicine.

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of quercetin (Qu) and isorhamnetin (Is) in Hippophae rhamnoides L. fruits hydrolysis products from 10 different origins were conducted by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), using 3% sodium acetate silica gel G plate (Anhui Liangchen), dichloromethane–ethyl acetate–formic acid (7:3:1, V/V) as the developing reagent, 1% ethanol solution of aluminum trichloride as the chromogenic agent, scanning at a wavelength of 390 nm. The content of Qu and Is in H. rhamnoides L. fruits hydrolysis products from 10 different producing areas was determined. The results showed that the RF value of Qu was 0.48 ± 0.05, the linear range was 0.06–0.42 μg/μL, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9990, indicating that the linear correlation of Qu was good. The RF value of Is was 0.64 ± 0.05, the linear range was 0.04–0.44 μg/μL, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9993, indicating that the linear correlation of Is was good. The precision analyses of Qu and Is showed that the RSD was

Extensive research has been conducted to evaluate mineral resource potential based on geochemical data, but this work is still challenging due to the existence of multiple evaluation solutions based on different methods. In this paper, we combine the multifractal analysis method with typical multivariate statistical methods to analyse the spatial characteristics of geochemical stream sediment data, aiming to quantitatively study the ore-forming potential of the elements in the Central Kunlun area of Xinjiang, China. An R -type cluster analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and principal component analysis are used to explore the correlations among the 12 target elements. The multifractal model is constructed using the method of moments to analyse the spatial distribution patterns of the elements, and corresponding multifractal parameters are extracted to quantitatively describe their ore-forming strengths in the study area. The results show that Co, V, Ti, Fe 2 O 3 , MgO and Cu compose a group of elements closely related to the regional geological background, while Pb, Zn, Bi, Sn, Au and Ba are potential metallogenic elements with relatively high ore-forming strengths and favourable ore-forming potential. Multifractal theory further validates and evaluates the favourable ore-forming element group obtained through conventional geochemical multivariate statistical methods, thus providing a new idea for small-scale geochemical prospecting. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Applications of Innovations in Geochemical Data Analysis collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/applications-of-innovations-in-geochemical-data-analysis

Background Based on previous evidence, the gut microbiota participates in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to provide quantitative analysis and visualization of the interaction between gut microbiota and CRC and to establish a more precise microbiota panel for CRC diagnosis. Method A paired-sample study was designed by retrieving the original metagenomic data from the data repository for Gut Microbiota (GMrepo) database. The distribution difference was analyzed in gut microbiota at the species level between CRCs and controls. The co-occurrence network was established, and the microbial interaction with environmental factors was analyzed. The functional prediction was performed using PICRUSt2. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and random forest model were used to determine significant biomarkers for differentiating CRC and control samples. Results A total of 709 metagenomic samples from 6 projects were identified. After matching, 86 CRC patients with 86 matched healthy controls from six countries were enrolled. A total of 484 microbial species and 166 related genera were analyzed. Besides the previously-recognized species of Fusobacterium nucleatum and species belonging to Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella genera with CRC, we found significant associations with novel species of Parvimonas micra and Collinsella tanakaei. In CRC patients, Bacteroides uniformis was positively correlated with age whereas Dorea longicatena, Adlercreutzia equolifaciens, and Eubacterium hallii had positive associations with the body weight index (BMI). Finally, a random forest model was established by integrating different numbers of species with the highest model-building importance and lowest inner subcategory bias. The mean value of area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) was 0.858 in the training cohort and 0.813 in the validation sets, respectively. Conclusions Our study provides a novel bioinformatics approach for investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and CRC patients using the online free database. Identification of key species and their associated genes should be further emphasized to disclose the relative causality of microbial organisms and CRC development.

Background. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a serious infectious disease which is induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This project was conducted to reveal the potential mechanism in CHB development via analyzing the public clinical data. Methods. GSE33857 and GSE110217, obtained from the GEO database, were used for bioinformatics excavation. Briefly, the raw data of GSE33857 and GSE110217 were analyzed with the GEO2R, and then the expressed matrix files were generated. The matrix files was visualized as heat map with R software. The targets of the miRNAs were analyzed with the miRDIP database. The functional annotation and pathway enrichment were performed using “clusterProfiler” package in R software. The STRING database was utilized to analyze the interaction of the DEGs, and the PPI and miRNA-mRNA network were established according to the related results. Results. 93 downregulated genes and 17 upregulated genes in GES33857, and 111 downregulated and 40 upregulated genes in GSE110217 were identified as the hub nodes. The targets of the DEGs in the datasets were enriched in PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways and associated with transcriptional regulation. Moreover, PPI and miRNA-mRNA networks were also established with the DEGs and related targets in the datasets. miR-122-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-194-5p, miR-139-5p, miR-140-5p, miR-181a-5p, and miR-29b-3p were identified as the potential biomarkers in CHB. Conclusion. Eight miRNAs, including miR-122-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-136-5p, miR-194-5p, miR-139-5p, miR-140-5p, miR-181a-5p, and miR-29b-3p, were identified as the potential biomarkers in CHB, and the PPI and miRNA-mRNA networks were also established.

Background Esophageal cancer (EC), known for its high malignancy and difficulty in treatment, has seen a significant increase in incidence in recent years. Studies on prognosis of EC are extremely urgent to provide personalized medicine which will benefit more patients individually. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death triggered by caspase-1/4/5/11 which is activated by some inflammasomes has been connected to cancer in recent studies. However, the association between pyroptosis-related genes and esophageal cancer has not been elucidated, and their vital role in the development and prognosis of esophageal cancer needs further research. Methods We obtained 290 samples from both TCGA and GEO database,including 11 normal people and 279 EC patients. Then we screened pyroptosis-related regulators that were differentially expressed in normal esophageal and cancer tissues. We next exerted univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO analysis to further choose key genes.Validation of these genes’ expression in cells was also conducted in vitro. Using these genes and other clinical features, we next constructed a risk model and a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of EC patients. Functions of pyroptosis-related genes and their relevance to clinical characteristics were discussed through two clustering analyses, Finally, we constructed a pyroptosis score system to predict the prognosis of EC. Results We finally screened 32 differentially expressed genes between normal and tumor tissues.And 8 key genes were identified after univariate Cox regression and LASSO analysis. Then the risk model and nomogram built based on them both showed strong predictive power according to our survival curves and ROC curves.Our subsequent invitro validation on key genes above also appeared high agreement with the regression analysis result. Finally, we calculated the pyroptosis score and it showed strong relationship with clinical features. Conclusion Pyroptosis-related genes are intimately related with EC and can be used to predict the prognosis of EC, which may also provide novel therapeutic schedule for EC patients.

The combination processes of metal-assisted chemical etching (AgNO3 + HF + H2O2) and rounding etching (HNO3 + HF + H2O) were used for the texturization of diamond wire sawn (DWS) multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafers. The evolution of texture structure on the DWS mc-Si wafers was investigated in detail. The chemically microsurface-sphericizing (CMS) textures, which were nearly smooth spherical structure with a size of approximately 2–3 μm, were fabricated successfully on the DWS mc-Si wafers with the combination processes. Compared with the conventional metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) textures, the CMS textures were improved on surface recombination and the filling of electrode, thereby boosting the electrical performance of the solar cells and the cell-to-module (CTM) loss at the module end. These CMS textures resulted in an increase in the output power of the photovoltaic module by 0.047 W per cell. The fabrication of these CMS textures may be easily scaled up in the photovoltaic production line.

ObjectiveTo determine the levels of gallic acid and ellagic acid by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with R software hierarchical cluster analysisin Elaeagnus angustifolia L. gathered from different locations in Xinjiang.MethodsA chromatographic column Diamonsil C18 with a size of 4.6 × 250 mm and 5 μm was used with methanol as A and 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as B as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 mL/min for the gradient elution and the injection volume was 5 μL. HPLC was performed with a detection wavelength of 260 nm and chromatographic column of 35 °C. In addition, R software hierarchical clustering method was used for studying the levels of gallic acid and ellagic acid in E. angustifolia L. from 10 areas.ResultsGallic acid and ellagic acid showed a good linear relationship between 7.375 and 236 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999, and between 3.625 and 116 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 respectively. The average recovery values were 103.98 and 101.57%, and the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) values were 1.92 and 1.47%.ConclusionDifferences in the levels of gallic acid and ellagic acid in E. angustifolia L. leaves from different areas in Xinjiang showed that both were the highest in Kuitun.